This document provides an overview of iCloud technology as an application. It begins with a title page and table of contents. It then discusses iCloud's history and announcement, key characteristics including Photo Stream and iTunes Match, pricing tiers, and a name dispute with another company. The document defines technology and assumptions. It describes how iCloud works, allowing wireless access to applications, documents, calendars and more across Apple devices. Benefits include automatic daily backups to iCloud when devices are connected to the internet.

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TITLE PAGE
ICLOUD TECHNOLOGY AS AN APPLICATION
BY
EKEH, GERALD CHIDUBEM
MATRIC NUMBER: NOU131848181
A RESEARCH SEMINAR SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT
OF MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE,
FACULTY OF SCIENCES.
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE (B.SC) IN
MATHEMATICS/COMPUTER SCIENCE.
AUGUST, 2017.
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CERTIFICATION PAGE
This is to certify that this seminar written by me with matric No
NOU131848181, contains original works of mine and that it has not been
presented to any other institution for the award of any other degree or certificate.
__________________ ________________
Dr. Umezinwa N. Date:
Seminar Supervisor
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DEDICATION
I dedicate this seminar work to God Almighty for His infinite mercy all through
my studies and also, for the wisdom and inspirations towards the successful
completion of this work.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All thanks and Praise be to All Mighty God, for His guidance, protection, mercy
and love towards me. I thank Him for the wisdom, knowledge and inspiration
throughout the period of my academic years.
I also thank my Parents (Mr. and Mrs. Johnny Ekeh) for their immense care
and financial assistant towards my academic pursuit.
Big thanks go to my supervisor, Dr. Umezinwa N., May God bless you for
your kindness, patience and good supervision? Thank you for imparting knowledge
in me. I promise you, by the Grace of God, it will not be a waste.
God bless you all.
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ABSTRACT
This study oversees the identification of ICLOUD as an application in the
technological innovation era. iCloud is the latest branding of Apple's cloud
computing services. i-Cloud (the successor to MobileMe) is a cloud storage and
cloud computing service. The service allows users to store data such as music files
on remote computer servers for download to multiple devices such as iPhones,
iPods, iPads, and personal computers running Mac OS X or Microsoft Windows.
The main objective of iCloud is the adoption of virtualization, service-oriented
architecture, autonomic, and utility computing. The Prototyping methodology is
used and it is the activity of creating prototypes of software applications, i.e.,
incomplete versions of the software program being developed. A prototype
typically simulates only a few aspects of, and may be completely different from, the
final product. iCloud Bypass tool is the analytical tool used in the study. This tool
is one of the most used iCloud bypass tool in the market. It can be useful when you
want iCloud activation bypass, remove iCloud account or even circumventing the
lock iCloud. The following recommendations are stated: Browsing history should
be very sensitive set of data that reveals people’s interests, concerns, worries and
in many cases their every fleeting thought, as well as health information,
information on their sexuality, it should be vital that people will be able to trust
that they can be in control of that kind of information. It's one reason we advise
using search tools that don’t store your history, there should be no evidence law
enforcement that would be able to access such data, if the feds even knew they
could get it in the first place, and finally, remote attacks by criminals should
be difficult: Phone Breaker requires the hacker to have access to a target's iCloud
login credentials or an authentication token stored on the victim's device.
Therefore, with iCloud Drive, you can securely store all your files in iCloud and
access them from your iPhone or iPad in the new Files app, from your Mac, from
a PC, or on iCloud.com. And you can easily invite people to view, download, or
work on a file with you from anywhere. No creating copies, managing versions, or
adding email attachments.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CERTIFICATION PAGE...............................................................................................................................2
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................................3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................................4
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................5
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER ONE.........................................................................................................................................6
1.0 Back Ground of Study.......................................................................................................................7
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.........................................................................................................7
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY...................................................................................................................8
1.3 IMPORTANCE / SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY..................................................................................8
1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS......................................................................................................................8
1.5 ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................9
CHAPTER TWO......................................................................................................................................10
2.0 Conceptual Frame Work.................................................................................................................10
2.1 History............................................................................................................................................12
2.2 Announcement...............................................................................................................................12
2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLOUD TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................14
2.4 Photo Stream..................................................................................................................................15
2.5 iTunes Match..................................................................................................................................16
2.6 Pricing.............................................................................................................................................16
2.7 Name dispute.................................................................................................................................17
2.0.0 APPLICATIONS OF THE I-CLOUD TECHNOLOGY............................................................................19
2.1.1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY......................................................................................................19
2.1.2 MULTI-ENTERPRISE COMMERCE.................................................................................................20
2.1.3 A Cloudy Future for Supply Chain Technology.............................................................................21
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................22
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................22
3.1 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY.............................................................................................................22
3.2 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH..........................................................................................23
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................24
CHAPTER ONE
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INTRODUCTION
1.0 Back Ground of Study
i-Cloud (the successor to MobileMe) is a cloud storage and cloud computing
service from Apple Inc. announced on June 6, 2011 at the Apple Worldwide
Developers Conference (WWDC). The service allows users to store data such as
music files on remote computer servers for download to multiple devices such as
iPhones, iPods, iPads, and personal computers running Mac OS X or Microsoft
Windows. It also replaces Apple's MobileMe program, acting as a data syncing
center for email, contacts, calendars, bookmarks, notes, to-do lists, and other data.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Apple's cloud backup service, iCloud, has emerged as a likely weak link in the
leaking of personal photographs of celebrities - but with online security, there are
many possible ways for sensitive personal information to leak. iCloud is built
with industry-standard security technologies, employs strict policies to protect
your information, and is leading the industry by adopting privacy-preserving
technologies like end-to-end encryption for your data.
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1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Cloud computing is a natural evolution of the widespread adoption of
virtualization, service-oriented architecture, autonomic, and utility computing.
Details are abstracted from end-users, who no longer have need for expertise in, or
control over, the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.
1.3 IMPORTANCE / SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Although cloud computing is often assumed to be a form of "green computing",
there is as of yet no published study to substantiate this assumption. Siting the
servers affects the environmental effects of cloud computing. In areas where
climate favors natural cooling and renewable electricity is readily available, the
environmental effects will be more moderate. Thus, countries with favorable
conditions, such as Finland, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing -
cite_note-81 Sweden and Switzerland, are trying to attract cloud computing data
centers.
1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques,
crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a
specific function.
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1.5 ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY
Cloud technology providers deliver applications via the internet, which are
accessed from web browsers, desktop and mobile apps, while the business software
and data are stored on servers at a remote location. In some cases, legacy
applications (line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in
thin client Windows computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology,
while the computing resources are consolidated at a remote data center location; in
other cases, entire business applications have been coded using web-based
technologies such as AJAX.
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Conceptual Frame Work
iCloud technology is the delivery of technology as a service rather than a product,
whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers
and other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the
Internet).
Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to
control and adapt to their natural environments. The human species' use of
technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The
prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources
of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and
controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the
printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to
communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. However,
not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of
weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history,
from clubs to nuclear weapons.
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Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In
many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies
(including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class.
Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution,
and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment.
Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new
technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the
notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only
to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms.
The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) formally defines
cloud technology as "a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources – networks,
servers, storage, applications and services – that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."
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2.1 HISTORY
iCloud is the latest branding of Apple's cloud computing services. It has previously
been branded as iTools in 2000, .Mac in 2002, and MobileMe in 2008.
According to an Apple support page, MobileMe will be discontinued after June 30,
2012, and anyone who had an account as of the unveiling of iCloud has been
extended to that date, free of charge.
The official website, www.icloud.com, went live in early August for Apple
Developers. On October 12th, 2011, iCloud became available for download via
iTunes Update.
2.2 ANNOUNCEMENT
The first official mention of iCloud from Apple came on May 31, 2011, when a
press release announced that it would demo the service at the WWDC on June 6,
2011. A banner hung at the Moscone Center for WWDC revealed the iCloud logo
five days before the official launch.
In the WWDC 2011 keynote speech, Apple announced iCloud will replace
MobileMe services and that the basic iCloud service will be free of charge.
This service will enable users to store some of their valuable data such as music
and video files on the system and the data can also be retrieved back from
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the service whenever the user needs it and it can also be used to synchronize data
from one device to another such as iPods to iPads and iPhones or back to your
personal computer system respectively. It also works as a server for your emailing
system and can store contacts and calendars and many other useful data. Each
iCloud account holder will be given a 5GB of free data storage.
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2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLOUD TECHNOLOGY
There are five essential characteristics: on-demand self-service, so you decide how
much power you need; broad network access, so it's available across the network;
"resource pooling", so you don't care where the computers storing the data are;
"rapid elasticity", so that computing power available can ramp up as demand
grows; and measured service, so that you're only charged for what you use – which
might be storage, bandwidth, processing, user accounts, or some combination of
those.
The idea that cloud services will make a big difference to businesses has been a
recurrent theme of technology discussions for the past 10 years or so. Certainly,
UK businesses have indicated that they are ready to adopt cloud computing. A
study in the first half of 2011, which polled IT and business decision-makers
across the private and public sectors, found that almost half already use cloud
services. The private sector leads the way, with those employing more than 20
people ahead of smaller businesses in adoption (52% v 38%) – even though the
latter could gain more because of the lower capital spending cloud computing
requires. The driver for adoption is overwhelmingly cited as flexibility, with only
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16% citing cost savings, though that figure rockets up to 69% among those already
using cloud services.
In the public sector, the UK Police crime maps use a combination of Amazon and
Google Maps, while Transport for London (TfL) is a high-profile user of
Microsoft's Azure platform. TfL uses Azure to host its data feeds, which allows
developers to create real-time travel information applications. Technology industry
analysts Gartner says that by 2014 at least 10% of all businesses' email services
will be cloud-based and the tipping point to broad-scale adoption will have been
reached.
2.4 PHOTO STREAM
Photo Stream is a service bundled with the basic iCloud service. This service
allows users to store the most recent 1,000 photos on the iCloud servers up to 30
days for free. When a photo is taken on a device with Photo Stream enabled, it is
automatically uploaded to the iCloud servers. From there, it is automatically
pushed to the rest of the user's registered devices. Apple has also announced that
the service will be integrated with the Apple TV set-top box, allowing users to
wirelessly view their recently taken photos on their HDTV.
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2.5 ITUNES MATCH
For an annual charge of $24.99, customers can scan and match tracks in their
iTunes music library, including tracks copied from CDs or other sources, with
tracks in the iTunes Store. Apple will let customers download up to 25,000 tracks
in 256 kbps AAC file format that match tracks in any supported audio file format
in the customers' iTunes libraries. Customers can also upload any music that is not
available in the iTunes Store for download onto other supported devices or
computers.
2.6 PRICING
The tiered pricing structure of Apple's iCloud service is as follows:
• 5 GB: free
• +10 GB (15 GB total): US$20, UK£14, €16
• +20 GB (25 GB total): US$40, UK£28, €32
• +50 GB (55 GB total): US$100, UK£70, €80
Current MobileMe members have automatically been given the 20 GB tier until the
close of the MobileMe service on 30 June 2012. As with members manually
upgrading, a credit/debit card will have to be filed on account, as all accounts will
be set up to automatically renew, with the next year's charge being applied on the
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same day as MobileMe closes. Users can downgrade to the free 5 GB before next
year to avoid the automatic billing.
2.7 NAME DISPUTE
iCloud Communications, a telecommunications company in Arizona, sued Apple
for trademark infringement shortly after Apple announced iCloud. The lawsuit was
filed in the U.S. District Court of Arizona and demanded that Apple stop using the
iCloud name and pay unspecified monetary damages. iCloud Communications
changed its name to Clear Digital Communications in August 2011 and dropped its
lawsuit against Apple shortly thereafter.
2.8 HOW THE ICLOUD WORKS
Anyone can connect to the cloud wirelessly when they use such Apple devices as
iPhones, desktops, iPod Touches, and iPads. This means that users of these devices
will have easy access to their applications, documents, calendars, photos, and email
messages as as the device can connect to the cloud. Apple will scan the particular
device for music that the user purchased from another store, ripped from a CD, or
acquired using another method. When it locates a match in the iTunes catalog, then
the song is available on any device that is also connected to the iCloud. If there is
no match located, the song will be easily uploaded to the iCloud and made
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available to all of the user's devices. The user pays $25 each year and will be
permitted to perform the process of up to 25,000 songs. Users can also sync music
that they have not purchased from iTunes into the iCloud, making it available on
any connected device. The effect of this technology is great numbers of people will
be using the cloud which will likely change the computing landscape.
2.9 BENEFITS OF THE APPLE ICLOUD.
Backups to the iCloud take place every day automatically as long as a device is
connected to the Internet. The music users purchase from the iTunes store can be
listened to on any device connected to the iCloud. This is a free service. Users can
store up to 5G of documents inside the iCloud. When you sign up for iCloud, you
automatically get 5GB of free storage. Photos can only remain within the cloud for
30 days. The iCloud is replacing a service Apple named MobileMe, which was
largely unused and cost $99 per year. iCloud is seamlessly integrated into users’
apps, so you can access your content on all your devices
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2.0.0 APPLICATIONS OF THE I-CLOUD TECHNOLOGY
2.1.1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
With cloud, there is a huge role for IT across multiple dimensions. Sure, there is a
shift from “building and deploying” to “running and optimizing” IT, but a
rapid ROI opportunity to be had.
The CIO story goes on to identify 5 tips for the IT department to get in front of
(and control of) the cloud movement.
1. Create a way for business units to get what they want.
2. Create a (fast) procurement process.
3. Cherry pick your part of the job.
4. Make it simple— and show the value.
5. Don’t overvalue yourself.
Years ago, IT decided it didn’t need to build e-mail. And more recently they
probably decided to not build proprietary intranet/wikis either. Now it’s time to
embrace that philosophy for deeper operational systems that are ripe for
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commercial cloud alternatives. Don’t build it, just use it better. That’s how IT can
help pave the way to agility, value and competitive advantage.
2.1.2 MULTI-ENTERPRISE COMMERCE
Companies with global operations are facing a growing challenge of “multi-
enterprise commerce”, and the process of managing complex global supply chains
that run on extremely lean, short cycles. Traditional software is no match for this
phenomenon, but cloud may be the answer.
In a recent Gartner Research newsletter, Jim Shepherd discusses this concept and
makes a compelling case about the future of trade. This statement sums up the
opportunity nicely, “The real business problem that today’s manufacturers and
distributors are struggling to manage takes place between companies, not within
them. Planning, sourcing, production, costing, tracking and fulfillment must take
place in an environment that can be accessed and updated by all the players in the
value chain. This certainly suggests cloud-based services, rather than a series of
on-premises systems hidden behind various firewalls.”
We are seeing this take hold in certain business areas, but the single end-all is still
a way off. Supply chain is already developing because the industry has never had a
software alternative due to the inter-company nature of sourcing and moving
inventory around the world.
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2.1.3 A CLOUDY FUTURE FOR SUPPLY CHAIN TECHNOLOGY
The supply chain is a particularly well-suited business segment for cloud
technology. Why? Because supply chain management is about controlling things
that happen BETWEEN companies. So, while there is lots of software out there for
the supply chain, those licenses and install systems were designed to automate
processes within a single company, not across a vast global network of potentially
thousands of partners.
This story in Supply Chain Brain is based on an interview with Gartner analyst
Mike Dominey, who talks about why it has taken nearly a decade for cloud to take
hold in the supply chain arena.
In the article, “Dominey says the cloud became an “architectural representation” of
the push to break down corporate walls and treat the multi-partner supply chain as
a single, coherent entity…By definition, says Dominey, cloud technology is
“elastic and scalable.” That’s a tough goal to achieve when hardware and software
are isolated within individual companies, no matter how large they might be.”
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CHAPTER THREE
CONCLUSION
3.1 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This technology was considered a mission critical interface between Subway
corporate and thousands of global franchisees.
Like many large enterprises, at first, they sought to buy/build their system through
a traditional software approach. But, after going through the procurement process
and looking at the options, they concluded that a hosted SaaS (cloud) solution was
the way to go. Their primary rationale for a cloud solution was the consumer-
friendly user interface. Through the process, they also discovered a number of
other benefits from their cloud platform.
While this is a very specific example, the story demonstrates that large companies
are not just looking at cloud to automate some of the “fringe” portions of their
operations, but rather some of the mission critical application areas like financials,
ERP, CRM, AP, HR and Supply Chain.
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3.2 SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
One more benefits that you can get from using an iCloud service is that whenever
you buy new songs or video from iTunes, even if at all you lost your device, you
don’t need to download it again when you need it because it would have been Sync
into the iCloud server and you only need to Synchronize it back to your computer
or mobile device without any hassle.
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"Switched On: Apple's cloud conundrum". Engadget. June 13,
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"4th Time a Charm for Apple? From iDisk to .Mac to MobileMe
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its Predecessors". International Business Times. 2011-06-13. Retrieved
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19. ^ "Apple iPhone 5's Potential Ace iCloud Accused Of Infringing On
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