The document discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in patent drafting and searching, highlighting its potential to enhance efficiency and accuracy in the legal market. It raises important legal questions about intellectual property ownership and the implications of AI in patent examination processes. Furthermore, it emphasizes the transformative impact AI will have on the role of patent professionals, urging the legal community to adapt to these advancements.

1. Willem G. Lagemaat
AI and its use in patent
drafting and searching

2. CONTENTS
• So what is Artificial Intelligence….?
• How the world is changing, examples of Hurricane Sandy
• AI and patents
• How about patent drafting?
• Legal questions
• AI in patent searching
• How will AI impact the life of the patent professional?

3. SO WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Some definitions:
“Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of computer systems able to
perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception,
speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages”
“Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is apparently intelligent
behaviour by machines, rather than the natural intelligence (NI) of humans and
other animals. In computer science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent
agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize
its chance of success at some goal. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is
applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with
other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".”

4. A SIMPLE EXAMPLE
Although you are experiencing AT in daily life, a very basis principle of learning and
repeating in Excel:

5. HOW THE WORLD IS CHANGING – Examples of hurricane Sandy
When hurricane Sandy hit New York, resulting into a major disruption of
infrastructure a number of large datacenters at the East Coast of the United States
were affected.
Example of IBM and Amazon
- Self awareness
- Decisions
- Consequences

6. AI AND PATENTS
The theory that could follow would be that AI would be able
Example of Google Patents
However, is this then still Intellectual Property? Or it this Intelligent Property?

7. HOW ABOUT PATENTDRAFTING
Over the recent years a number of new companies have come up that provide technology to
assist in patent drafting. Known solutions include the ability to validate claims, their
relationship and their coverage. However, new developments are appearing rapidly.
Recently TurboPatent introduced a product that analyses draft patent applications. This claims
that reviewing and proofreading patent drafts can be done much more efficient and that the
tool in its analyses provides comments in the sideline and proposes suggestions on how to
improve the document.
Another interesting development is made by Specifio. This startup claims it greatly reduces
drafting time by automating the process of writing the application. There the idea is that there
is still human creativity needed to draft the proper claims, but when the claims have been
created the creation of the matching application can be done largely automatically. Although
still human validation is required at the end, Specifio claims that 90% of the work can be done
by machines.

8. HOW ABOUT PATENTDRAFTING
Other applications are those available already today in the market place where one can apply
the text of a claim into a patent search product to identify other patent claims that might be
conflicting.

9. HOW ABOUT PATENTDRAFTING
AI can assist in assessment of comprehensive patentability
AI can identify potential existing patents (claims) that may conflict
AI can assist in creating better claim definition

10. THE LEGAL MARKET
A short side note on the legal market:
The legal market will be changed dramatically by AI
• Contracts (especially standard)
• Deeds
• Legal reviews
Resulting in reduction of fees and quicker turnaround times. However, that will require the
legal market for reinventing itself as the fee structures and current market acceptance will
change significantly.

11. LEGAL QUESTIONS
Who owns the patent?
• The software
• The machine
• The operator
• The owner of the machine
As such will the examination of patents have to change?
Will patent offices apply AI in examining patents?
Is Intellectual Property law applicable to automated (non human) inventions?

12. AI IN PATENT SEARCHING
• Many problems in AI can be solved in theory by intelligently searching through
many possible solutions: Reasoning can be reduced to performing a search. For
example, logical proof can be viewed as searching for a path that leads from
premises to conclusions, where each step is the application of an inference rule
Planning algorithms search through trees of goals and subgoals, attempting to
find a path to a target goal, a process called means-ends analysis. Robotics
algorithms for moving limbs and grasping objects use local searches in
configuration space. Many learning algorithms use search algorithms based on
optimization.
• Helping analysing of large volume datasets
• Clustering large quantities of unstructured records in “buckets”
• True semantic searching allows broader scope searching (bike, pedal etc)
• Language limitations potentially easier to conquer
• Use of AI in invalidation targeting

13. AI IN PATENT SEARCHING
• One of those wonderful statements:
– 30% of all patents worldwide are invalid due to existing prior art
– Example of US and JP examiners
• Use of AI in invalidation targeting
• Textual analyses of claims (Enlyton, PatSnap, Anaqua, Innography) and
identifying their landscape

14. HOW WILL AI IMPACT LIFE FOR THE PATENT PROFESSIONAL
Stepwise impact
Already happening today
Tipping point where human control changes into machine control

15. A LAST NOTE…
We always overestimate the change that will occur in the next
two years and underestimate the change that will occur in the
next ten. Don’t let yourself be lulled into inaction.
Bill Gates

16. QUESTIONS
?