The document discusses various weight reduction initiatives airlines can implement to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. It describes how reducing aircraft weight by even small amounts, such as 500 kg, can significantly reduce annual fuel burn and carbon dioxide emissions. Examples of weight reduction strategies mentioned include optimizing catering and potable water loads, replacing metal cutlery and gin bottles with plastic versions, carefully monitoring weight increases from aircraft modifications, and considering removing paint from aircraft to reduce weight. The document emphasizes that weight is a major factor influencing fuel efficiency and emissions, so weight reduction should be a key priority for airlines.
This is a preliminary text for the chapter. The Oslo Group is invited to provide comments on the
general structure and coverage of the chapter (for example, if it covers the relevant aspects related to
measurement units and conversion factors, and if there are additional topics that should be covered in
this chapter), and on the recommendations to be contained in IRES.
The current text presents the recommendations from the UN Manual F.29 as well as some points that
were raised during the last OG meeting. The issue of “harmonization” of standard/default conversion
factors still needs to be addressed. It was suggested that tables be moved to an annex. Please provide
your views on which ones should be retained in the chapter.
Reliable and error detection architectures of pomaranch for false alarm-sensi...LogicMindtech Nologies
VLSI Projects for M. Tech, VLSI Projects in Vijayanagar, VLSI Projects in Bangalore, M. Tech Projects in Vijayanagar, M. Tech Projects in Bangalore, VLSI IEEE projects in Bangalore, IEEE 2015 VLSI Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Bangalore, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Vijayangar
This is a preliminary text for the chapter. The Oslo Group is invited to provide comments on the
general structure and coverage of the chapter (for example, if it covers the relevant aspects related to
measurement units and conversion factors, and if there are additional topics that should be covered in
this chapter), and on the recommendations to be contained in IRES.
The current text presents the recommendations from the UN Manual F.29 as well as some points that
were raised during the last OG meeting. The issue of “harmonization” of standard/default conversion
factors still needs to be addressed. It was suggested that tables be moved to an annex. Please provide
your views on which ones should be retained in the chapter.
Reliable and error detection architectures of pomaranch for false alarm-sensi...LogicMindtech Nologies
VLSI Projects for M. Tech, VLSI Projects in Vijayanagar, VLSI Projects in Bangalore, M. Tech Projects in Vijayanagar, M. Tech Projects in Bangalore, VLSI IEEE projects in Bangalore, IEEE 2015 VLSI Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Bangalore, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Vijayangar
Find the best property in Hyderabad that constructing by most prominent name in the field of real estate builders. Due to successfully completing amazing projects in this famous city, we are famous as the name of Mansani Constructions Hyderabad. We are come here to convert your dream into reality within pocket suited cost.
Single supply 3 t gain-cell for low-voltage low-power applicationsLogicMindtech Nologies
VLSI Projects for M. Tech, VLSI Projects in Vijayanagar, VLSI Projects in Bangalore, M. Tech Projects in Vijayanagar, M. Tech Projects in Bangalore, VLSI IEEE projects in Bangalore, IEEE 2015 VLSI Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Bangalore, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Vijayangar
GUADAL-DEPORTE es un proyecto destinado a todos/as los usuarios/as del municipio para que conozcan y practiquen una variedad amplia de modalidades deportivas, que no se centran solo en deportes tan habituales como (baloncesto, fútbol,etc...) sino que abarca deportes menos conocidos como son (bádminton,voleibol,etc...) además de modalidades deportivas enfocadas a la población más adulta (natación, yoga...).
No one has changed the course of human history as much as Jesus Christ. So, Who was this Jesus? Why did He come? Why do we still talk about him today? Why should you consider this Jesus?
For sermon audio, notes, slides, archives and other free resources like books, please visit our website - apcwo.org
#APCBangalore
You tube pour les acteurs à la performance novembre 2013Sabrina Xenofontos
De la notoriété à la fidélisation sur YouTube ! Découvrez le guide complet pour vendre sur YouTube : audience, comment positionner sa marque, formats vidéos, True View, display...
Presentació de J.José Benito, responsable de medi ambient d'Airbus España, en la sessió .Tecno d'Ecotendències, que va tenir lloc a CosmoCaixa, Barcelona, el 31 de gener de 2012.
Find the best property in Hyderabad that constructing by most prominent name in the field of real estate builders. Due to successfully completing amazing projects in this famous city, we are famous as the name of Mansani Constructions Hyderabad. We are come here to convert your dream into reality within pocket suited cost.
Single supply 3 t gain-cell for low-voltage low-power applicationsLogicMindtech Nologies
VLSI Projects for M. Tech, VLSI Projects in Vijayanagar, VLSI Projects in Bangalore, M. Tech Projects in Vijayanagar, M. Tech Projects in Bangalore, VLSI IEEE projects in Bangalore, IEEE 2015 VLSI Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Bangalore, FPGA and Xilinx Projects in Vijayangar
GUADAL-DEPORTE es un proyecto destinado a todos/as los usuarios/as del municipio para que conozcan y practiquen una variedad amplia de modalidades deportivas, que no se centran solo en deportes tan habituales como (baloncesto, fútbol,etc...) sino que abarca deportes menos conocidos como son (bádminton,voleibol,etc...) además de modalidades deportivas enfocadas a la población más adulta (natación, yoga...).
No one has changed the course of human history as much as Jesus Christ. So, Who was this Jesus? Why did He come? Why do we still talk about him today? Why should you consider this Jesus?
For sermon audio, notes, slides, archives and other free resources like books, please visit our website - apcwo.org
#APCBangalore
You tube pour les acteurs à la performance novembre 2013Sabrina Xenofontos
De la notoriété à la fidélisation sur YouTube ! Découvrez le guide complet pour vendre sur YouTube : audience, comment positionner sa marque, formats vidéos, True View, display...
Presentació de J.José Benito, responsable de medi ambient d'Airbus España, en la sessió .Tecno d'Ecotendències, que va tenir lloc a CosmoCaixa, Barcelona, el 31 de gener de 2012.
Engines in ships, aircraft, vehicles and tanks can be much more energy efficient. This is because nano-clusters of fuel particles can be better utilized, reducing emissions and fuel wastage. The life of the engine is enhanced.
Emission Characteristics of CI Engine by using Palm Bio- DieselIJERA Editor
Environmental concerns and energy crisis of the world has led to the search of alternate to the fossil fuel. FAME
(Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) is environment friendly, alternative, and non-toxic, safe; biodegradable has a high
flash point and is also termed as Bio-Diesel. The growing economic risk of relying primarily on fossil fuels with
limited reserves and Increasing prices has increased the interest on alternative energy sources. Clean and
renewable biofuels have been touted as the answer to the issue of diminishing fossil fuels. INDIA the largest
producer of palm oil has committed to focus interest on biofuels, namely palm biodiesel. Since palm oil has a
high fossil energy balance, it is a key source of raw material for biodiesel production. This paper presents palm
biodiesel as an alternative source of green renewable energy through a survey conducted from previously
researched findings. In this experimental study testing of emission characteristics and performances test of palm
Bio-diesel at various ratios form (B25%, B 50%, B75%, B100%) of Bio-diesel. As we compared with fossil fuel
(diesel) and palm bio-diesel on base of various emission elements (CO, CO2, NOx, O2, and HC).
Global presentation on behalf of EnbridgeLyndon Ward
Marine CNG reduces fuel costs and emissions for island and coastal power generation
Presentation from Leadership Summit for Sustainable Business
Globe Series, Vancouver, March 2016
Co-hosted with Enbridge
Many remote communities (coastal and island markets) are not connected to natural gas markets. Marine CNG enables industrial and power customers to reduce reliance on liquid fuels like HFO or Diesel and switch to cleaner burning natural gas. Marine CNG is an ideal alternative to LNG for Oil and Gas producers seeking to monetize associated gas from oil production.
Sea NG is a energy project development company connecting gas reserves with regional energy markets. Sea NG is an energy project development company connecting gas reserves with regional energy markets.
For more information, please contact:
Lyndon Ward, Director of Marketing
Low Cabon Options For The Haulage Industry Eilis Cope Howard Tenens
ICAO Ottawa November 2002 - Morris - Weight Management
1. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
11
AVIATION OPERATIONAL MEASURES FOR
FUEL AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION
WORKSHOP
Weight Management
Kevin M Morris
Manager Environment, British Airways
2. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
22
Weight Management
Weight effects on fuel and CO2
Weight reduction initiatives -
a few examples
Tracking weight growth and
fuel efficiency
Epilogue:
To paint, or not to paint - that is the
question
3. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
33
Conflicts
Weight minimisation - easy to
see the benefits
BUT.....
There are usually conflicts with
other policies as well
4. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
44
Why look at weight?
A “rule of thumb”:
additional fuel requirement:
=3-4% of weight increase x hours flown
– e.g. extra weight = 500 kg
– flight time = 10 hours
– extra fuel burn = 150-200 kg
– extra CO2 = 470 - 630 kg
For Every Flight!
5. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
55
Fuel cost of Weight
assuming 5,000 hours/year
extra fuel burn = 87 500 kg
extra CO2 = 276 000 kg
extra cost = $ 22 000
• and that’s just the fuel!
Weight control is important
7. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
77
Potable Water
Aircraft carry potable water in
water tanks for use in flight
Not all are necessarily
required, but mostly always
filled to capacity
8. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
88
Potable Water
Blanking off 1, out of 3 potable
water tanks for “medium-haul”
B777-200, prevents their use
100kg of water, per flight not
loaded
Annual savings estimated as
380 tonnes fuel, 1 200 tonnes CO2
9. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
99
Plastic cutlery
Post 11th September 2001
Many new measures to improve
security
Most add weight
One actually reduces weight -
plastic cutlery
10. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
1010
Plastic Cutlery
Using one route as an example
Weight reductions (LHR-NY):
• Concorde - 34.26 kg
• B747-400 - 32.60 kg
• B777-200 - 34.40 kg
Equates to: 52 t/yr fuel ($ 13k)
165 t/yr CO2
12. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
1212
Plastic Gin Bottles
Duty Free bottles of Gin
Opportunity to substitute plastic
bottles for glass ones
Weight saving approx. 0.5 kg
per bottle
Average of 12 bottles carried on
each Long-haul flight
13. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
1313
Plastic Gin Bottles
Total annual fuel savings for
Long-haul flights
B747-200 = 4.7 tonnes
B747-400 = 51.2 tonnes
B777-200 = 39.3 tonnes
Total fuel saved = 95.2 tonnes
Total CO2 saved = 300.3 tonnes
14. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
1414
No Conflicts?
Gin unaffected!
Conclusion:
Help the Environment,
Buy Duty Free on board
16. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
1616
Concorde - weight goes up
Additional weight due to:
Fuel tank liners - 400 kg
Unusable fuel - 200 kg
Total extra weight:
600 kg per aircraft
17. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
1717
Concorde - weight goes down
Reduction in weight due to:
New cabin interior - 350 kg
New tyres - 164 kg
Total weight reduction:
514 kg per aircraft
18. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
1818
Concorde - weight the same?
Weight change summary:
Increase - 600 kg
Reduction - 514 kg
Overall - 86 kg increase
Modifications can make a
difference!
20. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
2020
Modifications
Modifications usually add
weight
Important to ensure that mods
are fully removed when no
longer required!
One of the reasons for
unaccounted weight growth
21. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
2121
Monitoring and Control
Can’t control what you can’t
measure
Modifications (mandatory & other)
Unaccounted weight growth
Tankering of fuel
Extra fuel requirement, Emissions
Extra expense, less profit!
22. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
2222
Monitoring and Control
“Weight Watchers”
track aircraft weight over time
monitor the actual weight of mods
Fuel Efficiency Group
track aircraft fuel efficiency over time
Allows the use of statistical contingency
fuel (worth $7M per year to BA)
Saves fuel/money/Environment
23. Aircraft Panel
Ottawa, 5-6 November 2002
2323
Paint - who needs it?
Paint weighs a lot!
A320-200, approx. 110 -150 kg
B747-400, approx. 410 - 550 kg
But it also provides a service:
Protection - helps prevent corrosion
Ensures a smooth surface
Provides an identity