The document summarizes work analyzing groundwater flow and radionuclide transport at the Nevada Test Site, where underground nuclear weapons tests were conducted from 1951-1992. Conceptual models of flow near test sites were evaluated, as they impact predictions of radionuclide release. While some models showed higher concentrations, alternative models incorporating site-specific geology better captured uncertainty. The analysis highlighted the importance of considering conceptual uncertainty and flexibility to refine understandings of site hydrogeology.
1) Wavelength shifters are fluorescent chemicals that can absorb ultraviolet Cherenkov photons and re-emit them at longer wavelengths detectable by photomultiplier tubes, improving light yield.
2) The document studies potential wavelength shifters for use in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory heavy water Cherenkov detector to increase detection efficiency.
3) It tests several water-soluble wavelength shifter candidates, measuring their optical properties, stability, and compatibility with detector materials to find suitable options for deploying in the detector to boost the Cherenkov signal.
This document discusses tests used to measure aquifer hydraulic properties for contaminant hydrogeology. It explains that aquifer properties are typically characterized at a large scale using pumping tests, but contaminant transport is influenced by heterogeneity at smaller scales. Accurately characterizing hydraulic conductivity spatial variability at finer scales is important for effective remediation system design, as contaminant plumes and high flux zones can span orders of magnitude over short distances. Failing to detect this heterogeneity could result in over- or under-designed remediation systems.
The document provides an overview of spontaneous potential (SP) well logging. It discusses the origins and mechanisms of SP, including the liquid junction potential generated at interfaces between solutions of different salinities and the membrane potential caused by cation selectivity of shales. SP can be used to identify permeable zones and determine formation water resistivity. The largest SP deflections occur when there is a difference in salinity between the mud filtrate and formation water. The document includes examples of SP responses over different geological formations.
1) The document compares methods for simulating radial collector wells using MODFLOW, including iteratively coupled telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) and MODFLOW-USG.
2) Both approaches provide greater discretization near the well laterals. The MODFLOW-USG model ran faster (37 seconds vs 95 seconds) while producing similar results.
3) Explicitly simulating the caisson storage improved model convergence when simulating specified discharge wells. Simulating head losses and turbulent flow in the laterals is discussed but not described in detail.
A riser is a metal tube that extends from the seafloor up to a drilling platform like a drillship. It allows tools and cuttings to pass between the drillhole and ship. The top attaches to the ship and bottom attaches to the top of the drillhole in the seafloor. A riser returns drilling fluid and cuttings from the hole to the ship, allowing reuse of the fluid and deeper drilling. It is essential for drilling deep holes into the ocean crust and sediments.
science behind well logging_dileep p allavarapuknigh7
This document provides an overview of well logging exercises for students. It discusses the importance of various disciplines in exploration and production such as reservoir modeling, drilling and logging, geology and seismic. The ultimate goal of well log interpretation is to calculate water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and effective porosity in reservoir rock units. Key points are provided about common rock types like sandstone, shale and limestone. The document reviews important well logs like gamma ray, resistivity, neutron and density and how they can be used to interpret lithology, porosity, fluid content and saturation. Formulas like Archie's equation and Indonesian equation are also summarized. Contact information is provided for institutions where students can learn more.
well logging tools and exercise_dileep p allavarapuknigh7
Logging is a process that provides comprehensive formation information through continuously recording parameter measurements with depth. It plays an important role in exploration and production by obtaining resistivity, porosity, and lithology logs to identify hydrocarbon-bearing zones. Different disciplines like drilling, logging, core analysis, and reservoir modeling are interrelated and provide both open and cased hole data. Logs are interpreted to calculate parameters like water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and effective porosity, with the goal of determining hydrocarbon saturation multiplied by effective porosity in reservoir units. Accurate interpretation requires integration of log data with core analysis and rock physics studies.
This document summarizes a presentation on improving reservoir simulation modeling with seismic attributes. It discusses how seismic interpretation provides information on stratigraphy, facies distribution, and reservoir properties through attributes. Seismic attributes can help with horizon and fault interpretation when seismic signals are poor. They are also used for facies and property modeling to distribute lithology and properties between wells and in un-drilled areas. Integrating seismic attributes into reservoir modeling can significantly improve dynamic models, simulations, and production forecasts.
1) Wavelength shifters are fluorescent chemicals that can absorb ultraviolet Cherenkov photons and re-emit them at longer wavelengths detectable by photomultiplier tubes, improving light yield.
2) The document studies potential wavelength shifters for use in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory heavy water Cherenkov detector to increase detection efficiency.
3) It tests several water-soluble wavelength shifter candidates, measuring their optical properties, stability, and compatibility with detector materials to find suitable options for deploying in the detector to boost the Cherenkov signal.
This document discusses tests used to measure aquifer hydraulic properties for contaminant hydrogeology. It explains that aquifer properties are typically characterized at a large scale using pumping tests, but contaminant transport is influenced by heterogeneity at smaller scales. Accurately characterizing hydraulic conductivity spatial variability at finer scales is important for effective remediation system design, as contaminant plumes and high flux zones can span orders of magnitude over short distances. Failing to detect this heterogeneity could result in over- or under-designed remediation systems.
The document provides an overview of spontaneous potential (SP) well logging. It discusses the origins and mechanisms of SP, including the liquid junction potential generated at interfaces between solutions of different salinities and the membrane potential caused by cation selectivity of shales. SP can be used to identify permeable zones and determine formation water resistivity. The largest SP deflections occur when there is a difference in salinity between the mud filtrate and formation water. The document includes examples of SP responses over different geological formations.
1) The document compares methods for simulating radial collector wells using MODFLOW, including iteratively coupled telescopic mesh refinement (TMR) and MODFLOW-USG.
2) Both approaches provide greater discretization near the well laterals. The MODFLOW-USG model ran faster (37 seconds vs 95 seconds) while producing similar results.
3) Explicitly simulating the caisson storage improved model convergence when simulating specified discharge wells. Simulating head losses and turbulent flow in the laterals is discussed but not described in detail.
A riser is a metal tube that extends from the seafloor up to a drilling platform like a drillship. It allows tools and cuttings to pass between the drillhole and ship. The top attaches to the ship and bottom attaches to the top of the drillhole in the seafloor. A riser returns drilling fluid and cuttings from the hole to the ship, allowing reuse of the fluid and deeper drilling. It is essential for drilling deep holes into the ocean crust and sediments.
science behind well logging_dileep p allavarapuknigh7
This document provides an overview of well logging exercises for students. It discusses the importance of various disciplines in exploration and production such as reservoir modeling, drilling and logging, geology and seismic. The ultimate goal of well log interpretation is to calculate water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and effective porosity in reservoir rock units. Key points are provided about common rock types like sandstone, shale and limestone. The document reviews important well logs like gamma ray, resistivity, neutron and density and how they can be used to interpret lithology, porosity, fluid content and saturation. Formulas like Archie's equation and Indonesian equation are also summarized. Contact information is provided for institutions where students can learn more.
well logging tools and exercise_dileep p allavarapuknigh7
Logging is a process that provides comprehensive formation information through continuously recording parameter measurements with depth. It plays an important role in exploration and production by obtaining resistivity, porosity, and lithology logs to identify hydrocarbon-bearing zones. Different disciplines like drilling, logging, core analysis, and reservoir modeling are interrelated and provide both open and cased hole data. Logs are interpreted to calculate parameters like water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and effective porosity, with the goal of determining hydrocarbon saturation multiplied by effective porosity in reservoir units. Accurate interpretation requires integration of log data with core analysis and rock physics studies.
This document summarizes a presentation on improving reservoir simulation modeling with seismic attributes. It discusses how seismic interpretation provides information on stratigraphy, facies distribution, and reservoir properties through attributes. Seismic attributes can help with horizon and fault interpretation when seismic signals are poor. They are also used for facies and property modeling to distribute lithology and properties between wells and in un-drilled areas. Integrating seismic attributes into reservoir modeling can significantly improve dynamic models, simulations, and production forecasts.
Glover P.W.J, Petrophysics Msc Courses Notes. The Potential Spontaneous. The spontaneous potential log (SP) measures the natural or spontaneous potential difference
(sometimes called self-potential) that exists between the borehole and the surface in the absence of any
artificially applied current
This document discusses using a "typology approach" to understand groundwater resources by categorizing them based on hydrogeological, socio-economic, and ecological factors. It provides several examples of groundwater typologies developed for specific regions in India based on factors like geology, aquifer properties, extraction patterns, and development stages. The typology approach aims to classify groundwater at an appropriate scale to inform tailored management strategies. Understanding typologies allows targeting interventions like recharge schemes, legislation, water quality improvements, or regulation to the relevant hydrogeological, social, and ecological contexts.
This document provides an overview of induction logging techniques. It discusses the principles behind induction logging tools, including how they use transmitter and receiver coils to measure formation conductivity. It describes different coil configurations and focusing methods used to obtain measurements at various depths. The document also covers induction log corrections for effects like shoulder beds, borehole conditions, and skin effect. It provides an example induction log showing identification of thick and thin hydrocarbon zones.
This document provides an introduction to basic petrophysics and interpreting wireline logs. It discusses open hole and cased hole logs, including gamma ray, caliper, SP, CNL, LDL, sonic, resistivity, MDT, and CBL-VDL logs. The goals are to understand these logs, evaluate formations using quick look methods, and determine properties like porosity, clay volume, and hydrocarbon saturation. Petrophysical analysis uses logs to study the physical properties of rocks.
- The document discusses progress updates on various hydrology projects in Madhya Pradesh, India. It summarizes work done on replacing and installing piezometers, water quality lab equipment, data centers, and conducting in-well boring and hydrofracturing. It also discusses upcoming work including installing a multi-channel resistivity meter. Major project achievements to date and proposed physical inputs for 2014-15 are highlighted. Purpose driven studies on Shahpura Lake water quality impacts and hydrofracking techniques are also summarized.
This document contains Claudia Espinoza's engineering design portfolio from MIT. It includes 14 projects spanning multiple classes and research experiences. The projects cover a wide range of topics including floating islands, hydro power generators, water filtration systems, environmental monitoring, and agricultural designs. The portfolio demonstrates Claudia's skills in areas like design, modeling, experimentation, and working with local communities on technical solutions.
This document describes a study that used integrated environmental modelling of groundwater processes in the Thames River Basin in the UK. Multiple models were linked together using OpenMI to allow for multi-scale simulation. The models included fully distributed and semi-distributed groundwater models of the Chalk and Limestone aquifers, a 1D river routing model of the Thames River, and local borehole models. The linked models allowed for simulation of interactions between regional and local groundwater flows and surface water. The approach demonstrated how OpenMI can flexibly link different types of models operating at various spatial scales.
Oslo university basic well log analysis introductionJavier Espinoza
The document provides an overview of basic well log analysis methods used to derive petrophysical properties for hydrocarbon exploration. It discusses the borehole environment, including invasion of drilling mud into formations. It also covers open and cased hole logs, the three main types of logs (electrical, nuclear, acoustic), and how logs are used to infer properties like lithology, porosity, permeability, water saturation, and resistivity. Key concepts discussed include Archie's law, borehole resistivity profiles, and correcting mud and water resistivities for formation temperature.
SULI_SUMMER_2015 Research POSTER_Cronin_JohnJack Cronin
The document describes updates made to the APSIDE model to improve its simulation of water quality, salinity, and agricultural production in the Western San Joaquin River Basin. The model was expanded from 5 to 22 water districts and updated with current land use and hydrological data. Comparisons with the CVHM model showed APSIDE on average simulates lower deep percolation and upflux. The updated APSIDE model better reflects changing irrigation practices over time and its predictions of salinity in different districts varied compared to the original model.
This document summarizes information about aquifer tests, which involve pumping wells and measuring water level responses to determine aquifer properties and well capacity. Key points:
- Aquifer tests typically involve constant rate pumping of a well for 1-30 days while measuring water level changes to evaluate hydraulic properties.
- Tests can determine if there is sufficient groundwater for a proposed use, with important metrics being drawdown and how water levels vary over time and with distance from the pumped well.
- Test results indicate aquifer characteristics like transmissivity and storage, and can reveal the presence of boundaries like impermeable rock that distort the cone of depression.
1. The document discusses spontaneous potential (SP) logging, which measures the electrical potential difference between a downhole electrode and a surface reference electrode. SP logs can be used both qualitatively to detect permeable beds and quantitatively to determine formation water resistivity and shale volume.
2. The key factors that affect the SP response are the ratio between mud filtrate resistivity (Rmf) and formation water resistivity (Rw), as well as bed thickness, resistivity, and porosity. Positive deflections occur when Rmf > Rw and negative deflections when Rmf < Rw. No deflection occurs when Rmf = Rw.
3. Examples are given of how to calculate shale
The document provides information on prospect evaluation methodology for oil companies and governments. It discusses how prospect evaluation is used for resource assessment, contracting areas, work commitments, and investment decisions. The methodology includes volumetric and economic evaluations using seismic interpretation, mapping, cash flow analysis, and other factors. Equations and parameters involved in calculating the volumes of oil and gas in-place are also presented, such as pore volume, recovery factors, and formation properties. An example calculation of recoverable oil resources is included to demonstrate the process.
CCS - liquid logistics shipping concept - Anthony Veder VopakGlobal CCS Institute
The document provides preliminary results from a study on liquid logistic shipping concepts for transporting carbon dioxide (CO2). Key lessons learned include that engineering should start at the storage site, multiple emitters can be combined in a network, and liquefaction is an optimal condition for CO2 transport. Shipping sizes between 10,000-30,000 cubic meters are suitable. Transportation costs may range from €20-120 per tonne depending on distance and flow rates, and combining emitters is important to make carbon capture and storage affordable.
Lake mead water management numerical modelyipinghhu
This document describes modeling the impacts of declining water levels on the hydrodynamics, thermal structure, and water ages of Lake Mead under changing climate conditions. The authors developed a 3D hydrodynamic model of Lake Mead calibrated for water level and temperature. The model was applied to simulate current (2000) and potential future (2017) water levels. Results showed declining water levels would increase water temperatures by 2-7°C, accelerate water movement, and impact habitat and water quality. Modeling challenges with pressure gradients were addressed by increasing vertical resolution and horizontal viscosity parameters.
This document summarizes the spontaneous potential (SP) log. It discusses how SP works by measuring the natural potential difference between a downhole electrode and surface reference electrode. SP response is caused by salinity differences between borehole fluid and formation water. The document outlines the various SP potentials, how the tool works, factors affecting response, and applications for formation evaluation and correlation. SP provides a qualitative indicator of permeability but is not quantitative.
Este documento habla sobre el shock hipovolémico. Explica que es un estado morboso potencialmente reversible causado por una variedad de factores que conducen a un fallo circulatorio y anoxia tisular. Luego clasifica el shock hipovolémico y describe su fisiopatología, cuadro clínico, diagnóstico y principios de tratamiento como la reposición de volumen y el control del sangrado.
Aneta is originally from Poland and moved to the UK six years ago. She works as a Quality Controller at Yeo Valley and has completed the first year of a Certificate in Higher Education in Food Technology. The support from lecturers and fellow students has benefited her learning as English is not her first language. She feels this course will help enhance her English skills and help her progress in her current employment.
Glover P.W.J, Petrophysics Msc Courses Notes. The Potential Spontaneous. The spontaneous potential log (SP) measures the natural or spontaneous potential difference
(sometimes called self-potential) that exists between the borehole and the surface in the absence of any
artificially applied current
This document discusses using a "typology approach" to understand groundwater resources by categorizing them based on hydrogeological, socio-economic, and ecological factors. It provides several examples of groundwater typologies developed for specific regions in India based on factors like geology, aquifer properties, extraction patterns, and development stages. The typology approach aims to classify groundwater at an appropriate scale to inform tailored management strategies. Understanding typologies allows targeting interventions like recharge schemes, legislation, water quality improvements, or regulation to the relevant hydrogeological, social, and ecological contexts.
This document provides an overview of induction logging techniques. It discusses the principles behind induction logging tools, including how they use transmitter and receiver coils to measure formation conductivity. It describes different coil configurations and focusing methods used to obtain measurements at various depths. The document also covers induction log corrections for effects like shoulder beds, borehole conditions, and skin effect. It provides an example induction log showing identification of thick and thin hydrocarbon zones.
This document provides an introduction to basic petrophysics and interpreting wireline logs. It discusses open hole and cased hole logs, including gamma ray, caliper, SP, CNL, LDL, sonic, resistivity, MDT, and CBL-VDL logs. The goals are to understand these logs, evaluate formations using quick look methods, and determine properties like porosity, clay volume, and hydrocarbon saturation. Petrophysical analysis uses logs to study the physical properties of rocks.
- The document discusses progress updates on various hydrology projects in Madhya Pradesh, India. It summarizes work done on replacing and installing piezometers, water quality lab equipment, data centers, and conducting in-well boring and hydrofracturing. It also discusses upcoming work including installing a multi-channel resistivity meter. Major project achievements to date and proposed physical inputs for 2014-15 are highlighted. Purpose driven studies on Shahpura Lake water quality impacts and hydrofracking techniques are also summarized.
This document contains Claudia Espinoza's engineering design portfolio from MIT. It includes 14 projects spanning multiple classes and research experiences. The projects cover a wide range of topics including floating islands, hydro power generators, water filtration systems, environmental monitoring, and agricultural designs. The portfolio demonstrates Claudia's skills in areas like design, modeling, experimentation, and working with local communities on technical solutions.
This document describes a study that used integrated environmental modelling of groundwater processes in the Thames River Basin in the UK. Multiple models were linked together using OpenMI to allow for multi-scale simulation. The models included fully distributed and semi-distributed groundwater models of the Chalk and Limestone aquifers, a 1D river routing model of the Thames River, and local borehole models. The linked models allowed for simulation of interactions between regional and local groundwater flows and surface water. The approach demonstrated how OpenMI can flexibly link different types of models operating at various spatial scales.
Oslo university basic well log analysis introductionJavier Espinoza
The document provides an overview of basic well log analysis methods used to derive petrophysical properties for hydrocarbon exploration. It discusses the borehole environment, including invasion of drilling mud into formations. It also covers open and cased hole logs, the three main types of logs (electrical, nuclear, acoustic), and how logs are used to infer properties like lithology, porosity, permeability, water saturation, and resistivity. Key concepts discussed include Archie's law, borehole resistivity profiles, and correcting mud and water resistivities for formation temperature.
SULI_SUMMER_2015 Research POSTER_Cronin_JohnJack Cronin
The document describes updates made to the APSIDE model to improve its simulation of water quality, salinity, and agricultural production in the Western San Joaquin River Basin. The model was expanded from 5 to 22 water districts and updated with current land use and hydrological data. Comparisons with the CVHM model showed APSIDE on average simulates lower deep percolation and upflux. The updated APSIDE model better reflects changing irrigation practices over time and its predictions of salinity in different districts varied compared to the original model.
This document summarizes information about aquifer tests, which involve pumping wells and measuring water level responses to determine aquifer properties and well capacity. Key points:
- Aquifer tests typically involve constant rate pumping of a well for 1-30 days while measuring water level changes to evaluate hydraulic properties.
- Tests can determine if there is sufficient groundwater for a proposed use, with important metrics being drawdown and how water levels vary over time and with distance from the pumped well.
- Test results indicate aquifer characteristics like transmissivity and storage, and can reveal the presence of boundaries like impermeable rock that distort the cone of depression.
1. The document discusses spontaneous potential (SP) logging, which measures the electrical potential difference between a downhole electrode and a surface reference electrode. SP logs can be used both qualitatively to detect permeable beds and quantitatively to determine formation water resistivity and shale volume.
2. The key factors that affect the SP response are the ratio between mud filtrate resistivity (Rmf) and formation water resistivity (Rw), as well as bed thickness, resistivity, and porosity. Positive deflections occur when Rmf > Rw and negative deflections when Rmf < Rw. No deflection occurs when Rmf = Rw.
3. Examples are given of how to calculate shale
The document provides information on prospect evaluation methodology for oil companies and governments. It discusses how prospect evaluation is used for resource assessment, contracting areas, work commitments, and investment decisions. The methodology includes volumetric and economic evaluations using seismic interpretation, mapping, cash flow analysis, and other factors. Equations and parameters involved in calculating the volumes of oil and gas in-place are also presented, such as pore volume, recovery factors, and formation properties. An example calculation of recoverable oil resources is included to demonstrate the process.
CCS - liquid logistics shipping concept - Anthony Veder VopakGlobal CCS Institute
The document provides preliminary results from a study on liquid logistic shipping concepts for transporting carbon dioxide (CO2). Key lessons learned include that engineering should start at the storage site, multiple emitters can be combined in a network, and liquefaction is an optimal condition for CO2 transport. Shipping sizes between 10,000-30,000 cubic meters are suitable. Transportation costs may range from €20-120 per tonne depending on distance and flow rates, and combining emitters is important to make carbon capture and storage affordable.
Lake mead water management numerical modelyipinghhu
This document describes modeling the impacts of declining water levels on the hydrodynamics, thermal structure, and water ages of Lake Mead under changing climate conditions. The authors developed a 3D hydrodynamic model of Lake Mead calibrated for water level and temperature. The model was applied to simulate current (2000) and potential future (2017) water levels. Results showed declining water levels would increase water temperatures by 2-7°C, accelerate water movement, and impact habitat and water quality. Modeling challenges with pressure gradients were addressed by increasing vertical resolution and horizontal viscosity parameters.
This document summarizes the spontaneous potential (SP) log. It discusses how SP works by measuring the natural potential difference between a downhole electrode and surface reference electrode. SP response is caused by salinity differences between borehole fluid and formation water. The document outlines the various SP potentials, how the tool works, factors affecting response, and applications for formation evaluation and correlation. SP provides a qualitative indicator of permeability but is not quantitative.
Este documento habla sobre el shock hipovolémico. Explica que es un estado morboso potencialmente reversible causado por una variedad de factores que conducen a un fallo circulatorio y anoxia tisular. Luego clasifica el shock hipovolémico y describe su fisiopatología, cuadro clínico, diagnóstico y principios de tratamiento como la reposición de volumen y el control del sangrado.
Aneta is originally from Poland and moved to the UK six years ago. She works as a Quality Controller at Yeo Valley and has completed the first year of a Certificate in Higher Education in Food Technology. The support from lecturers and fellow students has benefited her learning as English is not her first language. She feels this course will help enhance her English skills and help her progress in her current employment.
Este documento trata sobre los líquidos y electrolitos corporales. Explica que a nivel microscópico están compuestos de electrones, protones y neutrones, y a nivel macroscópico pueden presentarse en estado sólido, líquido, gaseoso o plasma. Además, describe que el agua corporal total se distribuye en diferentes compartimentos, y que la medición de estos compartimentos ayuda a entender la tonicidad de las soluciones y el balance acuoso en el cuerpo, el cual se regula a través de la homeóstasis.
This document is a transcript from the University of Cape Town for Jason Scott Goldhill. It summarizes his undergraduate academic record from 2012-2015 where he obtained a Bachelor of Business Science in Management Studies with a specialization in Information Systems. The transcript lists the courses taken each year, the credits earned, and his results. It also notes he received scholarships in 2012 and 2013 and participated in a continuing education program in 2015. His conduct as a student was satisfactory.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Why Your Test Suite Sucks - PHPCon PL 2015CiaranMcNulty
Many teams adopt TDD attracted by the promise of a more productive workflow, fewer regressions and higher code quality. Sometimes this goes wrong and these benefits do not materialise, despite a healthy-seeming test suite. In this talk we will look at what the common pitfalls of testing are, why teams fall into these traps, and they can dig themselves out.
Out of the box replication in postgres 9.4(pg confus)Denish Patel
This document contains notes from a presentation on PostgreSQL replication. It discusses write-ahead logs (WAL), replication history in PostgreSQL from versions 7.0 to 9.4, how to set up basic replication, tools for backups and monitoring replication, and demonstrates setting up replication without third party tools using pg_basebackup, replication slots, and pg_receivexlog. It also includes contact information for the presenter and an invitation to join the PostgreSQL Slack channel.
10 conceptos básicos del balance hidroelectrolíticoice
El documento presenta conceptos básicos sobre el balance hidroelectrolítico, incluyendo: 1) la composición corporal de agua y concentraciones normales de electrolitos; 2) los mecanismos de homeostasis, retroalimentación y regulación del balance; 3) la fisiología de los líquidos corporales, incluyendo la distribución y regulación del agua y electrolitos entre los compartimentos intracelular, extracelular e intravascular.
Frameworks give you a rich toolset to do complex tasks very easy and developers all love it. But then you need to update your framework from one version to another and things are falling apart because of the tight coupling with your business logic.
In this talk I show a couple of actual scenarios that went wrong when we moved from one framework to another and the solutions we applied to abstract business logic from framework logic. Even if you're not planning on migrating frameworks yet, decoupling is a good practice that will give you less headaches in the future.
El documento resume un estudio de drenaje urbano de aguas pluviales en la ciudad de Cajamarca, Perú. El estudio analiza dos calles, Jr. Misión Japonesa entre Jr. San Martin de Porras y Jr. Húsares de Junín, y entre Jr. Húsares de Junín y Jr. La Paz. El estudio incluye la medición de parámetros como el ancho de calles, cunetas, pendientes y longitudes, así como el análisis de quebradas y erosión. El objetivo es determinar el diseño de
Performance Tuning muss in PostgreSQL nicht schwer sein. Oft reichen einige einfache Veränderung, um die Datenbank massiv zu beschleunigen.
VIele Performance Probleme sind einfach zu lösen. Diese Präsentation zeigt die gängigsten Methoden, um einfache Probleme schnell und effizient zu beseitigen
This document summarizes the Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment being conducted to evaluate sediment and nutrient management strategies in the watershed and their impacts on the Chesapeake Bay. The assessment involves developing watershed and reservoir models, analyzing sediment transport under different scenarios, and identifying management strategies. Stakeholder outreach includes quarterly updates and a project website. Field work includes sediment sampling and bathymetric surveys to support model development and calibration.
This document discusses underwater optical wireless communication networks. It presents models for three types of optical wireless communication links: (1) a line-of-sight link, (2) a modulating retroreflector link, and (3) a reflective link. It analyzes the performance of these links based on models that account for properties of the underwater optical channel, including absorption and scattering of light. The analysis shows that communication performance decreases dramatically with increasing water absorption, though scattered light can mitigate this to some extent. A high-data-rate underwater optical wireless network is concluded to be feasible for applications like sensor networks and UUV communication, with extended range possible using a multi-hop approach.
This document describes the development of new global and regional ocean tide models using satellite altimetry data from TOPEX/POSEIDON and tide gauge measurements. The models were created using an assimilation method that combines a hydrodynamical model with tidal observations.
For the global model (NAO.99b), about 5 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data were analyzed along-track and assimilated into a barotropic hydrodynamical model. This reduced errors compared to other recent models, especially in shallow waters. For the regional Japan model (NAO.99Jb), both altimetry and 219 tide gauge measurements were assimilated at a higher 1/12° resolution. It
2005 emerging insights into the dynamics of submarine debris flowsshh315
This document summarizes recent research on the dynamics of submarine debris flows. Key points include:
1) Hydroplaning, where the flow rides on a cushion of water, allows debris flows to travel much farther than expected and may help explain long runout distances.
2) Intruding water may soften stiff clay material in the neck of the flow, facilitating separation of the head block and further accelerating the flow.
3) Laboratory experiments using materials from clay-rich to sandy revealed a transition between low-suspension plug flows to more agitated flows that generate turbidity currents.
4) Statistical analysis of a large submarine landslide found scaling behaviors that models have difficulty reproducing,
Immobilisation in the permeable zone: Residual trapping, capillary heterogeneity - presentation by Sam Krevor of Imperial College London at the UKCCSRC meeting Monitoring of the deep subsurface: leakage pathways – understanding and monitoring the mechanics of CO2 storage, 23 October 2014
This document summarizes potential impacts of CO2 storage on groundwater resources. It discusses a study that modeled different scenarios, finding that pressure increases could extend beyond CO2 plumes but brine displacement would likely be over small distances and slow rates. While faults pose the highest risk, typical storage is unlikely to affect shallow groundwater. The document also reviews caprock properties important for storage integrity and outlines forthcoming IEAGHG studies on related topics.
Modifying River-Floodplain Systems: A Historical and Ecological PerspectiveNoam Ross
This presentation made 9/14 at the UC Davis REACH IGERT Floodplains workshop, by Jaime Ashander, Kelly Gravuer, Megan Kelso, Mary E. Mendoza, Noam Ross
This document discusses reservoir correlation methods and tools. It defines correlation as connecting points between wells where the data suggests the points were deposited at the same time or have similar characteristics. This establishes static connectivity pathways in reservoir models. The document covers sequence stratigraphic correlation methodology using flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries. It also discusses various correlation tools including biostratigraphy, geochemistry, and pressure/production data. The document provides tips for robust 3D correlation and communicating between disciplines.
The document discusses ADNOC's main challenges with current simulation modeling workflows. It identifies issues with static models including fluids modeling and water saturation modeling. It also notes problems with dynamic models like transition zones between history and prediction modes. The document proposes improvements to modeling water saturation using new pressure capillary curves that better match well logs and improve history matching. It shows an example where the new curves enhanced gas-oil ratio and water cut matches after only 2 weeks of implementation. The conclusions state that addressing technical challenges requires integrated workflows and more resolution in models to better capture reservoir behaviors.
1) The document discusses which seismic attributes are most useful for quantitative seismic reservoir characterization. It analyzes attributes such as zero phase amplitude, relative impedance, and absolute impedance.
2) The conclusion is that an absolute impedance inversion provides the best attribute in theory but is difficult in practice. A relative impedance inversion, which is easier to generate, is determined to be a more practical seismic attribute.
3) Low frequency content is a challenge for absolute impedance inversions, as the low frequencies must be supplied or interpolated, introducing subjectivity. Relative impedance avoids this by restricting the inversion to the seismic bandwidth.
1) The document discusses which seismic attributes are most useful for quantitative seismic reservoir characterization. It analyzes attributes such as zero phase amplitude, relative impedance, and absolute impedance.
2) The conclusion is that an absolute impedance inversion provides the best attribute in theory but is difficult in practice. A relative impedance inversion, which is easier to generate, works nearly as well for characterization.
3) Key advantages of relative impedance over zero phase amplitude include relating to geology rather than just impedance contrasts, and allowing comparison between seismic datasets and well logs after appropriate scaling. However, relative impedance lacks low frequency content included in absolute impedance.
This study examines colloid transport mechanisms at the pore scale using x-ray microtomography and pore-scale modeling. Experiments were conducted using glass bead columns dosed with hydrophobic silver-coated colloids under saturated and unsaturated conditions. X-ray imaging showed colloids partitioned between solid-water interfaces, air-water interfaces, and disconnected water phases depending on saturation. Pore-scale modeling implemented colloidal interaction forces and fluid flow to simulate colloid transport. The models showed colloid attachment increased with ionic strength and some colloids were strained during drainage. The research aims to better understand simplifications that can be applied to colloid transport models while maintaining practical applicability for risk analysis.
Quantitative and Qualitative Seismic Interpretation of Seismic Data Haseeb Ahmed
This document discusses quantitative and qualitative seismic interpretation techniques used to analyze seismic data and map subsurface geology. It compares traditional qualitative techniques to more modern quantitative techniques. It then focuses on unconventional seismic interpretation techniques used for unconventional reservoirs with low permeability, including AVO analysis, seismic inversion, seismic attributes, and forward seismic modeling. These techniques can help identify tight gas, shale gas, and gas hydrate reservoirs that conventional methods cannot easily detect. The document provides details on how each technique works and its advantages.
This document reports on a study that measured the rotational and translational diffusivities of germanium nanowires dispersed in methanol and 1-propanol solvents using single-particle tracking. The measured diffusivities were compared to three theoretical models: 1) the Kirkwood equation for Brownian rods, 2) the Kirkwood equation using viscosity as an adjustable parameter, and 3) a confinement model. This is the first study to experimentally measure both the effects of solvent viscosity and potential wall confinement effects on the diffusivities of individual germanium nanowires. The results provide insight into the applicability of classical rheological models to cylindrical nanomaterials and are important for understanding the behavior of nanowire dispersions
This document provides an overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). It discusses the different rock types and layers that make up the Earth's crust and subsurface. It then explains the various zones where CO2 can be stored underground, including oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, and coal beds. The document outlines the different mechanisms by which CO2 can be trapped over time. It also discusses some of the technical and economic challenges to widespread adoption of CCS and commercialization of EGS.
2014 a method for evaluation of water flooding performance in fractured res...AliMukhtar24
This document presents a new mathematical model for evaluating water flooding performance in fractured reservoirs. The model transforms a dual-porosity reservoir into an equivalent single-porosity model using a pseudo relative permeability method. This allows fractures and matrix to each have their own permeability, porosity, saturation, and relative permeability parameters. The model also accounts for imbibition effects by modifying an existing equation. The investigation shows imbibition can impact recovery and lower production rates can improve water flooding by delaying breakthrough and controlling water cut rise. A new chart is proposed to estimate ultimate recovery based on water cut versus recovery curves. The model is shown to estimate recovery within 2% of simulation results for two reservoirs, proving it a reliable evaluation method.
This document discusses the evaluation of low resistivity zones using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging. NMR logging can provide valuable information in low resistivity reservoirs where conventional resistivity logs have limitations. NMR utilizes the magnetic properties of hydrogen nuclei to distinguish between fluid types like hydrocarbons, bound water, and free water. It provides parameters like porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation that are important for evaluating the producibility of reservoirs. NMR logging is particularly useful for low resistivity reservoirs where there is little contrast between water-bearing and oil-bearing zones on resistivity logs, helping to better determine oil-water contacts and fluid distributions.
This document summarizes research on sediment transport and geomorphology in the Nisqually Delta to inform restoration and climate adaptation planning. Key findings include:
1) Field measurements found river sediment loads are high in fines that deposit in marshes, with potential accretion rates of less than 2 mm/yr.
2) Modeling shows sediment redistributes through tidal channels and is exported from marshes, with climate change potentially increasing sediment delivery.
3) Adaptive management options include trapping sediment upstream and creating new distributaries to build marsh resilience to sea level rise.
Nisqually Delta Sediment Budget & Transport Dynamics
Iahr Ruskauff
1. International Groundwater Symposium
Valencia, Spain
September 22-24, 2010
Greg Ruskauff1
Nicole DeNovio2
Edward Kwicklis3
1 NNES LLC
2Golder Associates
3 Los Alamos National Laboratory
1
2. Background
The Nevada Test Site was used from
1951 to 1992 for nuclear weapons
testing
Great Basin area of western United
States
Facility area is 3,500 km2
(> Luxembourg)
The tests left behind radioactive residue,
which may be migrating in groundwater
NNSA/NSO established the
Underground Test Area (UGTA)
Subproject to ensure the protection of
the public
Site characterization and modeling used
to negotiate compliance boundaries with
Nevada Department of Environmental
Protection
2
3. Frenchman Flat
Ten underground shaft tests detonated
between 1965 and 1971
All less than 20 kt
Informally divided into Northern and
Central areas
3
4. What happens near an underground nuclear
test?
Rock and water vaporized immediately
around device, forming a cavity
Formation of a chimney as
pressure subsides
Alteration of rock properties to some
distance away from the test
Cavity size related to yield and depth of
burial
The exchange volume, where
radionuclides can be found, forms out to ~
2 cavity radii
Preferential distribution of radionuclides
Higher boiling point radionuclides become
incorporated in the nuclear melt glass
Lighter radionuclides condense from vapor
and remain in the water and sorbed to
cavity/chimney rubble
4
5. Underground Nuclear Tests in Frenchman Flat
Ten tests
Nine conducted in alluvium
One conducted in vitric tuff
The CAMBRIC event (entirely in alluvium)
has been studied extensively by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
who developed the following conceptual
model:
In alluvium, shock-compressed zones of lower
permeability, porosity limit groundwater flow
through the cavity
Radionuclides assumed to be evenly distributed
within exchange volume (2Rc), and nuclear melt
glass zone.
Supported by several numerical models
5
6. The need for other conceptual models
Within 2 cavity radii rocks vary,
especially at the water table
IAEA (1998) reviewed French
underground nuclear tests in basalt
lava in the Pacific
“The Radiological Situation at the
Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa”
Conceptualized high permeability
zone out to 2.5 cavity radii
Cavity infilling studies broadly support
spherical zone of enhanced
permeability from test effects
Adopt another conceptual model for
tests with the exchange volume
extending to lava and welded tuff
6
7. Consequences of near-test conceptual models
Evaluated the effect of different near-field conceptual models on
radionuclide release
Same inventory uncertainty
Different conceptual models received different parameter assignments
Alluvium/vitric tuff – permeability reduction factor from 1.5 to 100
IAEA – permeability enhancement factor of 5 to 100
Different conceptual model results in higher peak concentrations
Alluvium Concept IAEA Concept
7
8. Basin-Scale Conceptual Model
Top of the Model Domain
Deep, complicated geology Alluvial
Aquifers
Volcanic
Initial model didn’t have data Aquifers
on the depth of the alluvium,
thickness of confining units
Aquitards
Cross Section through Center of Model Domain
HLCA < HAA Regional
Carbonate
Aquifer
8
9. Hydrogeologic Conceptual Model
Easterly component from
leakage across Cane Spring fault
from CP basin
Based on age and head
0.43 relationships groundwater flows
0.25 from the perimeter of the basin
0.85 1.1 toward the basin center and out to
the south-south east
0.20
For the regional carbonate flow
system, Rock Valley fault system
provides regional drainage that
will focus flow to the southwest
out of Frenchman Flat
Groundwater velocity in
alluvium from 0.1 to 1 m/yr
9
10. Approach to Uncertainty Analysis
External project review during 1999 suggested
the need to consider conceptual uncertainty
reflected in basin conceptual model
Revised approach incorporated 5 interpretations HFM Alternative Description
of geology DETA – detachment This alternative is a no detachment fault
fault alternative model.
Tried to focus alternative interpretation in portions DISP – This alternative is concerned with the
of the model likely to have transport Displacement fault locations and displacement of basin-
alternative forming faults.
Several sets of boundary conditions CPBA – CP basin The CP basin alternative extends the
alternative UCCU beneath all of CP basin.
One different hydrologic conceptual model
The BLFA HSU is modeled as a single
BLFA – Basalt Lava-
Three permeability parameterization Flow Aquifer
continuous flow, rather than three
separate zones
approaches
Several discrete flow model cases of different
geologic models, parameterization approaches
Performed Monte Carlo transport analysis on
each case
Flow model calibration constrained Monte Carlo
analysis
Monte Carlo transport analysis on ensemble
10
11. Pooled Uncertainty Analysis
All discrete cases
considered
Alternative Hydrologic
Conceptual Model
“Null-space Monte
Carlo” of Tonkin and BASE Hydrologic
Conceptual Model
Doherty (2009) (100
realizations)
Calibration
constrained
uncertainty of flow
model parameters
Specified plausible
parameter ranges
Heads and flows always
calibrate acceptably
11
12. Which models matter?
Try to identify similar behaving
models that can be used as Alternative Hydrologic
Conceptual Model BASE Hydrologic
surrogates for others
Conceptual Model
Used cavity flow rate as
transport surrogate
BASE geology
Evaluate range to see if relevant variable
uncertainty is being sampled parameterization
Cannot discern that alternative
geologic models have any
importance
Alternate geology
Scatter among models using interpretations
variable parameterization similar
to alternative geology scatter
Two (NHA and BASE-USGSD)
really are different
12
13. Remaining Geological Uncertainty
Welded tuff under PIN STRIPE modeled
as continuous
North-south normal faulting appears to die
out, not certain
Is the welded tuff really continuous?
Missed conceptual uncertainty
13
14. Things We Learned
In one instance, exchange volume altered properties, conceptual model uncertainty
was clearly important
We need to be alert to conceptual uncertainty when we are extrapolating outside the
information we have
CAMBRIC conceptual model vs. other tests
Refsgaard, J.C., J.P. van der Sluijs, J. Brown, and P. van der Keur. 2006. “A Framework for
Dealing with Uncertainty due to Model Structure Error.” In Advances in Water Resources,
Vol. 29, 1586-1597.
Can exist at all scales
Having an initial idea of what might be uncertain is useful, but it can’t override the
ability to make adjustments
Two of the alternative geologic models were not insightful
It may take some time to understand the base interpretation enough to identify sensitive
assumptions (e.g. the geologic uncertainty at PIN STRIPE)
“If the confidence intervals associated with the models predictions are greater than
the difference between the predictions, this difference cannot be considered
meaningful, at least in a statistical sense.” National Research Council, Ground Water Models Scientific and
Regulatory Applications, 1990.
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15. International Groundwater Symposium
Valencia, Spain
September 22-24, 2010
Greg Ruskauff1
Nicole DeNovio2
Edward Kwicklis3
1 NNES LLC
2Golder Associates
3 Los Alamos National Laboratory
15