Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based applications
Green Computing
Grid Networking
Healthcare Management Information Technology
Herbal technology
High-speed Network Architectures
Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Human-machine interfaces
Hybrid Sensor
ICT Convergence
Image analysis and processing
Image and multidimensional signal processing
Image and Multimedia applications
Industrial applications of neural networks
Industrial automated process
Industrial communications
Information and data security
Information indexing and retrieval
Information Management
Information processing
Information System
Information systems and applications
Information Technology and their application
Information Technology,
Solid waste bio-methanation plants use anaerobic digestion to stabilize the biodegradable waste fraction and produce biogas. There are two types of digesters: wet digesters which use a liquid slurry system, and dry digesters which process higher consistency waste without water addition. The digestion process involves four stages - hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis - with acid-forming and methane-forming bacteria and archaea working together to break down organic matter into biogas and digestate. Nutrients and optimal temperature and pH levels must be maintained for the microbes to function effectively in the anaerobic treatment process.
This presentation discusses producing bio-fuel from solid green waste via pyrolysis. It introduces biomass as a renewable energy source and describes pyrolysis as a thermo-chemical process that converts biomass into bio-oil, bio-char, and gas. Fast pyrolysis of green waste between 650-1000°C produces the highest yield of bio-oil. While pyrolysis fuel has advantages over fossil diesel, its production costs remain higher. Further technological advances are needed to make pyrolysis economically competitive with traditional energy sources.
Biogas as a means of solid waste managementDayo Adewumi
Biogas technology provides a sustainable means of managing solid waste by converting biodegradable waste into biogas and fertilizer through anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is a process carried out by bacteria that breaks down organic material in the absence of oxygen to produce methane gas and reduces pathogens. Biogas can be used as a renewable energy source and the slurry byproduct has fertilizer value. This paper discusses the fundamentals of the anaerobic digestion process, available feedstocks including agricultural, industrial, and municipal waste, and the environmental benefits such as reduced emissions, sludge, and land use compared to other waste treatment methods.
Fuel cells provide a possible solution to issues with battery technologies by efficiently converting chemical energy from hydrogen into electricity. Fuel cells strip electrons from hydrogen molecules to produce electricity and then recombine the electrons and protons to form water. While fuel cells have benefits like higher efficiency and lower emissions than conventional power sources, challenges remain around developing hydrogen infrastructure and bringing down production costs.
The document summarizes key information about fuel cells. It describes that fuel cells directly convert the chemical energy of a fuel, like hydrogen, into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. It compares the process of fuel cells to ordinary combustion, noting that fuel cells produce electricity and water as products rather than heat. The document then provides details about the components and basic operations of fuel cells, focusing on two commercially important types: phosphoric acid fuel cells and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
This PowerPoint presentation teaches about energy, different types of energy, and the need for biogas as an alternative energy source. It discusses how chemical energy in bombs can be dangerous but chemical energy in biogas can be transformed into useful forms of energy like light, heat, and electricity. The presentation explains that biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion of biomass in a sealed digester. Setting up biogas plants can help provide energy while reducing pollution and producing fertilizer.
This document discusses the impact of data mining on business intelligence. It begins by defining business intelligence as using new technologies to quickly respond to changes in the business environment. Data mining is an important part of the business intelligence lifecycle, which includes determining requirements, collecting and analyzing data, generating reports, and measuring performance. Data mining allows businesses to access real-time, accurate data from multiple sources to improve decision making. Using business intelligence and data mining techniques can help businesses become more efficient and make better decisions to increase profits and customer satisfaction. The expected results of applying business intelligence include improved decision making through accurate, timely information to support organizational goals and strategic plans.
This document presents a novel technique for solving the transcendental equations of selective harmonics elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) inverters based on the secant method. The proposed algorithm uses the secant method to simplify the numerical solution of the nonlinear equations and solve them faster compared to other methods. Simulation results validate that the proposed method accurately estimates the switching angles to eliminate specific harmonics from the output voltage waveform and achieves near sinusoidal output current for various modulation indices and numbers of harmonics eliminated.
Solid waste bio-methanation plants use anaerobic digestion to stabilize the biodegradable waste fraction and produce biogas. There are two types of digesters: wet digesters which use a liquid slurry system, and dry digesters which process higher consistency waste without water addition. The digestion process involves four stages - hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis - with acid-forming and methane-forming bacteria and archaea working together to break down organic matter into biogas and digestate. Nutrients and optimal temperature and pH levels must be maintained for the microbes to function effectively in the anaerobic treatment process.
This presentation discusses producing bio-fuel from solid green waste via pyrolysis. It introduces biomass as a renewable energy source and describes pyrolysis as a thermo-chemical process that converts biomass into bio-oil, bio-char, and gas. Fast pyrolysis of green waste between 650-1000°C produces the highest yield of bio-oil. While pyrolysis fuel has advantages over fossil diesel, its production costs remain higher. Further technological advances are needed to make pyrolysis economically competitive with traditional energy sources.
Biogas as a means of solid waste managementDayo Adewumi
Biogas technology provides a sustainable means of managing solid waste by converting biodegradable waste into biogas and fertilizer through anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is a process carried out by bacteria that breaks down organic material in the absence of oxygen to produce methane gas and reduces pathogens. Biogas can be used as a renewable energy source and the slurry byproduct has fertilizer value. This paper discusses the fundamentals of the anaerobic digestion process, available feedstocks including agricultural, industrial, and municipal waste, and the environmental benefits such as reduced emissions, sludge, and land use compared to other waste treatment methods.
Fuel cells provide a possible solution to issues with battery technologies by efficiently converting chemical energy from hydrogen into electricity. Fuel cells strip electrons from hydrogen molecules to produce electricity and then recombine the electrons and protons to form water. While fuel cells have benefits like higher efficiency and lower emissions than conventional power sources, challenges remain around developing hydrogen infrastructure and bringing down production costs.
The document summarizes key information about fuel cells. It describes that fuel cells directly convert the chemical energy of a fuel, like hydrogen, into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. It compares the process of fuel cells to ordinary combustion, noting that fuel cells produce electricity and water as products rather than heat. The document then provides details about the components and basic operations of fuel cells, focusing on two commercially important types: phosphoric acid fuel cells and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
This PowerPoint presentation teaches about energy, different types of energy, and the need for biogas as an alternative energy source. It discusses how chemical energy in bombs can be dangerous but chemical energy in biogas can be transformed into useful forms of energy like light, heat, and electricity. The presentation explains that biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion of biomass in a sealed digester. Setting up biogas plants can help provide energy while reducing pollution and producing fertilizer.
This document discusses the impact of data mining on business intelligence. It begins by defining business intelligence as using new technologies to quickly respond to changes in the business environment. Data mining is an important part of the business intelligence lifecycle, which includes determining requirements, collecting and analyzing data, generating reports, and measuring performance. Data mining allows businesses to access real-time, accurate data from multiple sources to improve decision making. Using business intelligence and data mining techniques can help businesses become more efficient and make better decisions to increase profits and customer satisfaction. The expected results of applying business intelligence include improved decision making through accurate, timely information to support organizational goals and strategic plans.
This document presents a novel technique for solving the transcendental equations of selective harmonics elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) inverters based on the secant method. The proposed algorithm uses the secant method to simplify the numerical solution of the nonlinear equations and solve them faster compared to other methods. Simulation results validate that the proposed method accurately estimates the switching angles to eliminate specific harmonics from the output voltage waveform and achieves near sinusoidal output current for various modulation indices and numbers of harmonics eliminated.
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and implemented a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) based GSM-controlled car security system. The system uses a DTMF decoder and GSM module to allow a car to be remotely controlled and secured from a mobile phone. It works by sending DTMF tones from the phone through calls to the GSM module in the car. The decoder interprets the tones and a microcontroller executes commands to disable the ignition or control other devices. The system was created to improve car security and accessibility through remote monitoring and control with DTMF and GSM technology.
This document presents an algorithm for imperceptibly embedding a DNA-encoded watermark into a color image for authentication purposes. It applies a multi-resolution discrete wavelet transform to decompose the image. The watermark, encoded into DNA nucleotides, is then embedded into the third-level wavelet coefficients through a quantization process. Specifically, the watermark nucleotides are complemented and used to quantize coefficients in the middle frequency band, modifying the coefficients. The watermarked image is reconstructed through inverse wavelet transform. Extraction reverses these steps to recover the watermark without the original image. The algorithm aims to balance imperceptibility and robustness through this wavelet-based, blind watermarking scheme.
1) The document analyzes the dynamic saturation point of a deep-water channel in Shanghai port based on actual traffic data and a ship domain model.
2) A dynamic channel transit capacity model is established that considers factors like channel width, ship density, speed, and reductions due to traffic conditions.
3) Based on AIS data from the channel, the average traffic flow is calculated to be 15.7 ships per hour, resulting in a dynamic saturation of 32.5%, or 43.3% accounting for uneven day/night traffic volumes.
The document summarizes research on the use of earth air tunnels and wind towers as passive solar techniques. Key findings include:
- Earth air tunnels circulate air through underground pipes to take advantage of the stable temperature 4 meters below ground for cooling in summer and heating in winter. Testing showed the technique can reduce ambient temperatures by up to 14 degrees Celsius.
- Wind towers circulate air through tall shafts to cool air entering buildings at night and provide downward airflow of cooled air during the day.
- Experimental testing of an earth air tunnel system over multiple months found maximum temperature reductions of 33% in spring and minimum reductions of 15% in summer.
The document compares the mechanical and physical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) thin films and sheets reinforced with graphene nanoparticles. LDPE/graphene thin films were produced via solution casting, while sheets were made by compression molding. Testing showed that the thin films had enhanced tensile strength, lower melt flow index, and higher thermal stability compared to sheets. The tensile strength of thin films increased by up to 160% with 1% graphene, while sheets increased by 70%. Melt flow index decreased more for thin films, indicating higher viscosity. Thin films also showed greater improvement in glass transition temperature. These results demonstrate that processing technique affects the properties of LDPE/graphene nanocomposites.
The document describes improvements made to a friction testing machine. A stepper motor and PLC control system were added to automatically vary the load on friction pairs, replacing the manual method. Tests using the improved machine found that the friction coefficient decreases as the load increases, and that abrasive and adhesive wear increased with higher loads. The improved machine allows more accurate and convenient testing of friction pairs under varying load conditions.
This document summarizes a research article that investigates the steady, two-dimensional Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow over a stationary wedge with momentum and thermal slip boundary conditions. The flow considers a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in the presence of a porous medium and viscous dissipation. Governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The equations are highly nonlinear and cannot be solved analytically, so a numerical solver is used. Numerical results are presented for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, velocity and temperature profiles for varying parameters like the Falkner-Skan parameter and Eckert number.
An improvised white board compass was designed and developed to enhance the teaching of geometrical construction concepts in basic technology courses. The compass allows teachers to visually demonstrate geometric concepts and constructions on a white board in an engaging, hands-on manner. It supports constructivist learning principles by enabling students to observe and emulate the teacher. The design process utilized design and development research methodology to test educational theories and validate the practical application of the compass. The improvised compass was found to effectively engage students and improve their performance in learning geometric constructions.
The document describes the design of an energy meter that calculates energy using a one second logic for improved accuracy. The meter samples voltage and current values using an ADC synchronized to the line frequency via PLL. It calculates active and reactive power by averaging the sampled values over each second. The accumulated active power for each second is multiplied by one second to calculate energy, which is accumulated and converted to kWh. Test results showed the meter achieved an error of 0.3%, within the acceptable limit for class 1 meters. Considering energy over longer durations like one second helps reduce percentage error in the calculation.
This document presents a two-stage method for solving fuzzy transportation problems where the costs, supplies, and demands are represented by symmetric trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. In the first stage, the problem is solved to satisfy minimum demand requirements. Remaining supplies are then distributed in the second stage to further minimize costs. A numerical example demonstrates using robust ranking techniques to convert the fuzzy problem into a crisp one, which is then solved using a zero suffix method. The total optimal costs from both stages provide the solution to the original fuzzy transportation problem.
1) The document proposes using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller for a Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) to improve voltage regulation and power quality in a transmission system.
2) A DPFC is placed at a load bus in an IEEE 4 bus system and its performance is compared using a PI controller and ANFIS controller.
3) Simulation results show the ANFIS controller provides faster convergence and better voltage profile maintenance during voltage sags and swells compared to the PI controller.
The document describes an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve vehicle routing problems. It introduces concepts of leptons and hadrons to particles in the algorithm. Leptons interact weakly based on individual and neighborhood best positions, while hadrons (local best particles) undergo strong interactions by colliding with the global best particle. When stagnation occurs, particle decay is used to increase diversity. Simulations show the improved algorithm avoids premature convergence and finds better solutions compared to the basic particle swarm optimization.
This document presents a method for analyzing photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals using correlative analysis. The method involves calculating the autocorrelation function of the PPG signal, extracting the envelope of the autocorrelation function using a low pass filter, and approximating the envelope by determining attenuation coefficients. Ten PPG signals were collected from volunteers and analyzed using this method. The attenuation coefficients were found to have similar values around 0.46, providing a potentially useful parameter for medical diagnosis.
This document describes the simulation and design of a process to recover monoethylene glycol (MEG) from effluent waste streams of a petrochemical company in Iran. Aspen Plus simulation software was used to model the process, which involves separating water, salts, and various glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG, TTEG) using a series of distillation columns. Sensitivity analyses were performed to optimize column parameters such as pressure, reflux ratio, and boilup ratio. The results showed that MEG, DEG, TEG, and TTEG could be recovered at rates of 5.01, 2.039, 0.062, and 0.089 kg/hr, respectively.
This document presents a numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of ventilated disc brake rotors using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Two types of rotor configurations are considered: circular pillared (CP) and diamond pillared radial vane (DP). A 20° sector of each rotor is modeled and meshed. Governing equations for mass, momentum, and energy are solved using ANSYS CFX. Boundary conditions include 900K and 1500K isothermal rotor walls for different speeds. Results show the DP rotor has 70% higher mass flow and 24% higher heat dissipation than the CP rotor. Velocity and pressure distributions are more uniform for the DP rotor at higher speeds, ensuring more uniform cooling. The
This document describes the design and testing of an automated cocoa drying house prototype in Trinidad and Tobago. The prototype included automated features like a retractable roof, automatic heaters, and remote control. It aims to address issues with the traditional manual sun drying process, which is time-consuming and relies on human monitoring of changing weather conditions. Initial testing with farmers showed interest in the automated system as a potential solution.
This document presents the design of a telemedical system for remote monitoring of cardiac insufficiency. The system includes an electrocardiography (ECG) device that collects and digitizes ECG signals. The ECG signals undergo digital signal processing including autocorrelation analysis. Graphical interfaces allow patients and doctors to view ECG data and attenuation coefficients derived from autocorrelation analysis. Data is transmitted between parties using TCP/IP protocol. The system aims to facilitate remote monitoring of cardiac patients to reduce hospitalizations through early detection of health changes.
The document summarizes a polygon oscillating piston engine invention. The engine uses multiple pistons arranged around the sides of a polygon within cylinders. As the pistons oscillate, they compress and combust air-fuel mixtures to produce power. This design achieves a very high power-to-weight ratio of up to 2 hp per pound. Engineering analysis and design of a prototype 6-sided engine is presented, showing it can produce 168 hp from a 353 cubic feet per minute air flow at 12,960 rpm. The invention overcomes issues with prior oscillating piston designs by keeping the pistons moving in straight lines within cylinders using conventional piston rings.
This document describes a smart helmet prototype that has been developed with several safety and convenience features. The helmet is equipped with a cooling fan powered by solar panels to keep the rider comfortable. It also has built-in Bluetooth for hands-free calling. Additionally, the helmet contains sensors and modules to detect accidents and send alerts. If an accident is detected, the helmet's GPS and GSM modules will send the rider's location to a preset phone number for emergency response. The helmet also has an ignition control system so that the bike can only be started when the helmet is worn by the rider. The goal of this smart helmet design is to improve road safety and reduce accidents.
This document discusses improvements made to the JCCD-II innovation experimental platform. It first analyzes the current state of innovation platforms in universities and identifies problems with the JCCD-II platform. The researchers then use simulation software to design new parts to address issues. They manufacture prototypes of the new parts and integrate them into the JCCD-II platform to enrich its functions and capabilities. The goal is to enhance teaching by providing a more advanced experimental platform.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
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More from International Journal of Engineering Inventions www.ijeijournal.com
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and implemented a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) based GSM-controlled car security system. The system uses a DTMF decoder and GSM module to allow a car to be remotely controlled and secured from a mobile phone. It works by sending DTMF tones from the phone through calls to the GSM module in the car. The decoder interprets the tones and a microcontroller executes commands to disable the ignition or control other devices. The system was created to improve car security and accessibility through remote monitoring and control with DTMF and GSM technology.
This document presents an algorithm for imperceptibly embedding a DNA-encoded watermark into a color image for authentication purposes. It applies a multi-resolution discrete wavelet transform to decompose the image. The watermark, encoded into DNA nucleotides, is then embedded into the third-level wavelet coefficients through a quantization process. Specifically, the watermark nucleotides are complemented and used to quantize coefficients in the middle frequency band, modifying the coefficients. The watermarked image is reconstructed through inverse wavelet transform. Extraction reverses these steps to recover the watermark without the original image. The algorithm aims to balance imperceptibility and robustness through this wavelet-based, blind watermarking scheme.
1) The document analyzes the dynamic saturation point of a deep-water channel in Shanghai port based on actual traffic data and a ship domain model.
2) A dynamic channel transit capacity model is established that considers factors like channel width, ship density, speed, and reductions due to traffic conditions.
3) Based on AIS data from the channel, the average traffic flow is calculated to be 15.7 ships per hour, resulting in a dynamic saturation of 32.5%, or 43.3% accounting for uneven day/night traffic volumes.
The document summarizes research on the use of earth air tunnels and wind towers as passive solar techniques. Key findings include:
- Earth air tunnels circulate air through underground pipes to take advantage of the stable temperature 4 meters below ground for cooling in summer and heating in winter. Testing showed the technique can reduce ambient temperatures by up to 14 degrees Celsius.
- Wind towers circulate air through tall shafts to cool air entering buildings at night and provide downward airflow of cooled air during the day.
- Experimental testing of an earth air tunnel system over multiple months found maximum temperature reductions of 33% in spring and minimum reductions of 15% in summer.
The document compares the mechanical and physical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) thin films and sheets reinforced with graphene nanoparticles. LDPE/graphene thin films were produced via solution casting, while sheets were made by compression molding. Testing showed that the thin films had enhanced tensile strength, lower melt flow index, and higher thermal stability compared to sheets. The tensile strength of thin films increased by up to 160% with 1% graphene, while sheets increased by 70%. Melt flow index decreased more for thin films, indicating higher viscosity. Thin films also showed greater improvement in glass transition temperature. These results demonstrate that processing technique affects the properties of LDPE/graphene nanocomposites.
The document describes improvements made to a friction testing machine. A stepper motor and PLC control system were added to automatically vary the load on friction pairs, replacing the manual method. Tests using the improved machine found that the friction coefficient decreases as the load increases, and that abrasive and adhesive wear increased with higher loads. The improved machine allows more accurate and convenient testing of friction pairs under varying load conditions.
This document summarizes a research article that investigates the steady, two-dimensional Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow over a stationary wedge with momentum and thermal slip boundary conditions. The flow considers a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in the presence of a porous medium and viscous dissipation. Governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The equations are highly nonlinear and cannot be solved analytically, so a numerical solver is used. Numerical results are presented for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, velocity and temperature profiles for varying parameters like the Falkner-Skan parameter and Eckert number.
An improvised white board compass was designed and developed to enhance the teaching of geometrical construction concepts in basic technology courses. The compass allows teachers to visually demonstrate geometric concepts and constructions on a white board in an engaging, hands-on manner. It supports constructivist learning principles by enabling students to observe and emulate the teacher. The design process utilized design and development research methodology to test educational theories and validate the practical application of the compass. The improvised compass was found to effectively engage students and improve their performance in learning geometric constructions.
The document describes the design of an energy meter that calculates energy using a one second logic for improved accuracy. The meter samples voltage and current values using an ADC synchronized to the line frequency via PLL. It calculates active and reactive power by averaging the sampled values over each second. The accumulated active power for each second is multiplied by one second to calculate energy, which is accumulated and converted to kWh. Test results showed the meter achieved an error of 0.3%, within the acceptable limit for class 1 meters. Considering energy over longer durations like one second helps reduce percentage error in the calculation.
This document presents a two-stage method for solving fuzzy transportation problems where the costs, supplies, and demands are represented by symmetric trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. In the first stage, the problem is solved to satisfy minimum demand requirements. Remaining supplies are then distributed in the second stage to further minimize costs. A numerical example demonstrates using robust ranking techniques to convert the fuzzy problem into a crisp one, which is then solved using a zero suffix method. The total optimal costs from both stages provide the solution to the original fuzzy transportation problem.
1) The document proposes using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller for a Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) to improve voltage regulation and power quality in a transmission system.
2) A DPFC is placed at a load bus in an IEEE 4 bus system and its performance is compared using a PI controller and ANFIS controller.
3) Simulation results show the ANFIS controller provides faster convergence and better voltage profile maintenance during voltage sags and swells compared to the PI controller.
The document describes an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve vehicle routing problems. It introduces concepts of leptons and hadrons to particles in the algorithm. Leptons interact weakly based on individual and neighborhood best positions, while hadrons (local best particles) undergo strong interactions by colliding with the global best particle. When stagnation occurs, particle decay is used to increase diversity. Simulations show the improved algorithm avoids premature convergence and finds better solutions compared to the basic particle swarm optimization.
This document presents a method for analyzing photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals using correlative analysis. The method involves calculating the autocorrelation function of the PPG signal, extracting the envelope of the autocorrelation function using a low pass filter, and approximating the envelope by determining attenuation coefficients. Ten PPG signals were collected from volunteers and analyzed using this method. The attenuation coefficients were found to have similar values around 0.46, providing a potentially useful parameter for medical diagnosis.
This document describes the simulation and design of a process to recover monoethylene glycol (MEG) from effluent waste streams of a petrochemical company in Iran. Aspen Plus simulation software was used to model the process, which involves separating water, salts, and various glycols (MEG, DEG, TEG, TTEG) using a series of distillation columns. Sensitivity analyses were performed to optimize column parameters such as pressure, reflux ratio, and boilup ratio. The results showed that MEG, DEG, TEG, and TTEG could be recovered at rates of 5.01, 2.039, 0.062, and 0.089 kg/hr, respectively.
This document presents a numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of ventilated disc brake rotors using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Two types of rotor configurations are considered: circular pillared (CP) and diamond pillared radial vane (DP). A 20° sector of each rotor is modeled and meshed. Governing equations for mass, momentum, and energy are solved using ANSYS CFX. Boundary conditions include 900K and 1500K isothermal rotor walls for different speeds. Results show the DP rotor has 70% higher mass flow and 24% higher heat dissipation than the CP rotor. Velocity and pressure distributions are more uniform for the DP rotor at higher speeds, ensuring more uniform cooling. The
This document describes the design and testing of an automated cocoa drying house prototype in Trinidad and Tobago. The prototype included automated features like a retractable roof, automatic heaters, and remote control. It aims to address issues with the traditional manual sun drying process, which is time-consuming and relies on human monitoring of changing weather conditions. Initial testing with farmers showed interest in the automated system as a potential solution.
This document presents the design of a telemedical system for remote monitoring of cardiac insufficiency. The system includes an electrocardiography (ECG) device that collects and digitizes ECG signals. The ECG signals undergo digital signal processing including autocorrelation analysis. Graphical interfaces allow patients and doctors to view ECG data and attenuation coefficients derived from autocorrelation analysis. Data is transmitted between parties using TCP/IP protocol. The system aims to facilitate remote monitoring of cardiac patients to reduce hospitalizations through early detection of health changes.
The document summarizes a polygon oscillating piston engine invention. The engine uses multiple pistons arranged around the sides of a polygon within cylinders. As the pistons oscillate, they compress and combust air-fuel mixtures to produce power. This design achieves a very high power-to-weight ratio of up to 2 hp per pound. Engineering analysis and design of a prototype 6-sided engine is presented, showing it can produce 168 hp from a 353 cubic feet per minute air flow at 12,960 rpm. The invention overcomes issues with prior oscillating piston designs by keeping the pistons moving in straight lines within cylinders using conventional piston rings.
This document describes a smart helmet prototype that has been developed with several safety and convenience features. The helmet is equipped with a cooling fan powered by solar panels to keep the rider comfortable. It also has built-in Bluetooth for hands-free calling. Additionally, the helmet contains sensors and modules to detect accidents and send alerts. If an accident is detected, the helmet's GPS and GSM modules will send the rider's location to a preset phone number for emergency response. The helmet also has an ignition control system so that the bike can only be started when the helmet is worn by the rider. The goal of this smart helmet design is to improve road safety and reduce accidents.
This document discusses improvements made to the JCCD-II innovation experimental platform. It first analyzes the current state of innovation platforms in universities and identifies problems with the JCCD-II platform. The researchers then use simulation software to design new parts to address issues. They manufacture prototypes of the new parts and integrate them into the JCCD-II platform to enrich its functions and capabilities. The goal is to enhance teaching by providing a more advanced experimental platform.
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Utilization of Bio-Solid Waste to Partially Tackle Electric Power Shortage in the Gaza Strip
1. International Journal of Engineering Inventions
e-ISSN: 2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491
Volume 3, Issue 5 (December 2013) PP: 56-59
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 56
Utilization of Bio-Solid Waste to Partially Tackle Electric Power
Shortage in the Gaza Strip
Dr. Aeman M .Aead
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Info. Technology, Al Azhar University, Palestine
ABSTRACT: Bio-solid waste is one of the most important sources of alternative energy worldwide. However, in
the Gaza Strip, Bio-solid waste and Bio-solid waste in particular is considered as a substantial environmental
and financial problem. This includes the problem of contaminated gas emissions and toxic substances leaking
from Bio-solid waste. The financial costs of waste management pose another problem including the cost of
waste collection, transfer and burn. Such problems are caused by not following the right and professional
methods in waste collection, sorting and recycling
Given that Bio-solid waste production in the Gaza Strip is very high (60-70% of total bio-waste) [1], this study
considers solutions to the environmental and financial issues related to Bio-solid waste management in the
Gaza Strip. It is very important to raise the awareness of individuals in dealing with such waste in the most
efficient way. This involves all the stages of waste management starting at proper sorting up to the full
exploitation of all waste processing outcomes. This includes exploiting gas emissions in cooking or burning it to
generate electricity. In addition, Methane gas generated from the deposits of bio-waste is considered as one of
the best fertilizers in agriculture.
KEYWORDS: Bio gas, Bio mass, Bio-solid waste, Solid waste.
I. INTRODUCTION
Although most of the Bio-solid waste in Gaza strip is Bio-solid waste easy to sort and recycle, the
amounts of which are actually recycled do not exceed 2% [2].
Bio-solid waste administration in Gaza strip lacks the proper strategy which can allow recycling up to 20% of
waste by the end of the current decade, for example.
This amount can be increased to 40% by 2025 and then it can reach 50% [2]. This can be a decisive
solution to the dangerous health, environmental and economical problems (harms) resulting from the wide-
spread random waste deposits in addition to the limited ability to provide site for the minor waste deposits
present now, as well the dangerous lack in areas necessary for burying Bio-solid waste. Currently, most of the
waste is buried in random unhealthy deposit.
Even founding two or three deposits will not be able to contain all produced waste, since within 3 to 5
years expected that a big amount of extra waste will be accumulated. This extra amount constitutes 50% over
the capacity of the present or planed deposits.
Foot waste is not supposed to be harmful to human health or environment. For a long time a lot of
countries all over the world have been recycling waste in order to generate electricity. On the Palestinian level,
as we depend on Israel to provide us with all forms of energy, most of our waste end, in deposits.
Therefore, we have to put suitable plans to encourage generating clean electricity from Bio-solid waste. This
will enable us to depend on our self-produced electricity.
Even on the easier (simpler) Palestinian level, particularly recycling Bio-solid waste into organic
fertilizers the prospects are not encouraging.
The high level of Bio-solid waste, originally organic, which ranges from 60 to 70% of the total amount
of Bio-solid waste [1], is supposed to make the projects of manufacturing organic fertilizers a basic means of
reducing the amounts of Bio-solid waste. This manufacturing process is supposed to highly increase the
recycling level since compost manufacturing requires and simple cheap (unsophisticated) technology which is
still marginal on the Palestinian level [2].
II. STUDY OBJECTIVE
- To benefit from the vital gas (Methane) resulting from bacteria decomposition into Bio-solid waste and to
transfer it into electric energy or using it as an alternative to cooking gas.
- To benefit from Bio-solid waste by turning it into organic fertilizers which can be used in agriculture?
- To guide and encourage citizens to deal with this waste in a correct and useful way mainly by recycling.
2. Utilization of Bio-Solid Waste to Partially Tackle Electric Power Shortage in the Gaza Strip
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III. STUDY METHODOLOGY
3.1. Gaza population and the amounts of Bio-solid waste produced in Gaza Strip
According to the civil registry of the Interior Ministry the population of Gaza in 2012 scored 1.79
Million [10].
According to the Palestinian central Bureau of statistics, domestic environment survey, the amounts of solid
waste produced reached 2350 tons a day in all Gaza Strip governorates [3].
3.2. The means of collecting Bio-solid waste in Gaza strip
There are three ways (means) of collecting Bio-solid waste in Gaza strip:
Bio- solid waste is put into tightly sealed bags (containers) to be moved later by larger containers to the
recycling sites.
Bio-solid waste is sorted and separated manually or mechanically.
Founding waste deposits in various areas on lots of land, bought for reasonable price. This can be
achieved through raising the awareness of individuals of the importance of using Bio-solid waste in producing
the vital gas and organic fertilizers.
3.3. Kinds of solid waste and the amounts produced
It’s well-known that solid waste is one of the most polluting things. This is quite clear in Gaza because of the
bad administration as a result of lack of facilities and the areas allotted.
Table 1. This table is showing the kinds of solid waste in Gaza strip,
the percentage of each kind, and the daily amount in tons [3] [4].
Kind of solid waste % Solid Waste in Tons
Bio- solid waste 65% 1527.5
Plastics 8% 188
Paper and paperboard 8% 188
Glass 6% 141
Total metals 8% 188
other 5% 117.5
100% 2350
IV. BENEFITING FROM BIO-SOLID WASTE IN GAZA STRIP
The huge amount of Bio-solid waste produced 60% - 70% as a product of solid waste has made
researchers specialized and more interested in this field, so they started to look for better ways to use it [1].
The following are some suggested ways to use this waste:
4.1. Producing the vital gas (methane) from Bio-solid waste
It is not something new to produce the vital gas (methane) from Bio-solid waste. This even one of the
oldest (earliest) ways of producing energy in many countries like (India, China, Germany., ect.), but what is new
is how to make the utmost use of this vital gas which reaches a purity of 70%.
Methane can be produced from Bio-solid waste such as the remains of vegetables, meat and food by a method
called “digestion”. This can be done by putting the animal waste in a container called the “digester” in which no
access of oxygen is allowed. The bacteria decompose the waste in the absence of oxygen and thus methane is
produced as well as other carbon oxides. Then the gas resulting from waste composition is collected and burnt.
4.2. Producing organic fertilizers from Bio-solid waste
This is a biological process in which Bio-solid waste, with the help of present micro organisms
(bacteria) found in the air, to black solid rich in minerals in order to fortify land with nutritive elements, which
helps in land fertility.
Organic fertilizers are divided into two ways regarding their production:
1- This fertilizer can be extracted from vital gas producing stations after gas production process. This gas
can be emptied as a relatively liquid material and pumped into solid by special pumps. Sediments can be
extracted, dried, ground and sprayed on the solid as powder.
2- Collecting various Bio-solid waste and putting it in closed places whose temperature 25 – 37 degree
Celsius is suitable for bacteria activity [6].
This waste is left intact for 4 – 5 months until it becomes rich in minerals necessary for plants [7].
N.B.: This fertilizer is considered the best since it is natural and void of any industrial ingredients, which makes
it suitable in the absence or scarcity of moisture or in high temperatures.
3. Utilization of Bio-Solid Waste to Partially Tackle Electric Power Shortage in the Gaza Strip
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4.3. Burning all kinds of Solid waste
This disposal of solid waste by collecting and burning is divided into two ways:
1- Solid waste is usually collected in big container, and transported by trucks to places relatively far away
from inhabited areas, and then it is burnt without regarding law or environment constraints. This causes serious
damages to the environment and cultivated areas owing to emission of polluting gases.
Unfortunately, this method is being followed in many places all over the word including Gaza Strip.
2- Waste is burnt in furnaces designed for this purpose to make the utmost use of the produced (heat) in
heating water and using it for generating electricity by means of turbines, In this case we can control the
emission of pollutants by means of treatment.
4.4. Burying Solid waste under the ground
This is the most friendly ways to the environment if it is carried out professionally, otherwise, it can be
the most dangerous owing to leaking of poisonous liquids and poisonous materials into underground water.
This method is divided into two ways:
1- Random traditional pits dug by inhabitants or waste administration. These pits are not designed for this
purpose, nor are they environmentally standard. This causes pollution of the area of dangerous material.
2- Industrial pits which are the best since they are equipped with industrial layers in the bottom. These are
filters designed to prevent the leaking of poisonous materials into underground water. They are also equipped
with a network of pipes designed to extract the gases emitted, particularly methane which is used in heating
water and generating electricity after being burned.
V. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
5.1. Definition of Vital gas (Methane)
Methane is the most abundant gas which results from decomposition of organic materials in the
absence of air owing to bacteria activity. This is a flammable gas and it is more harmful to the environment than
carbon dioxide, and it can explode if mixed with air.
5.2. The most important gases resulted from decomposition
1- Methane 70%
2- Carbon dioxide 25%
3- Other gases 5%: including carbon monoxide, hydrogen, ….ect [8]..
5.3. Organic materials which can be used in producing methane
Fruit, vegetables, food waste, animal and poultry manure, leaves of trees, moving left grass, blank
paper, tissue paper and toilet tissue, and a small percentage of cardboard. Regarding liquids; sewage water can
be used.
All the above mentioned waste materials shouldn’t be mixed with the following waste materials, oils and fats,
meat and bone, dairy products, fish products, and wood and hay.
5.4. The amount of methane which can be produces from Bio-solid waste in Gaza strip
Gaza Strip produces approximately 1527.5 tone of Bio-solid Waste a day. Each ton produces 100 to
400 Cubic Meter of Methane [5], depending on the kind of waste and fermentation temperature which can help
the activity of bacteria.
When Methane is used as fuel to generate electricity, each Cubic Meter of this uncompressed gas
produces approximately 1.8 KW [5].
Table 2. The following table shows the minimum amount of Methane 100 Cubic Meter which can be produced
from Bio- solid waste from 1 Tone [9]
Daily
production
Cubic Meter
per tons
KW per Cubic
Meter
Daily production
of KW
production of
KW
Percentage of
the daily
consumption
1527.5 x 100 x 1,8 = 274950 = 11456 = 2,86 %
Table3. The following table shows the average amount of Methane 200 Cubic Meter which can be produced
from Bio- solid waste from 1 Tone [9]
Daily
production
Cubic Meter
per tons
KW per Cubic
Meter
Daily production
of KW
production of
KW
Percentage of
the daily
consumption
1527.5 x 200 x 1,8 = 549900 = 22912 = 5,72 %
4. Utilization of Bio-Solid Waste to Partially Tackle Electric Power Shortage in the Gaza Strip
ISSN: 2278-7461 www.ijeijournal.com P a g e | 59
Table3. The following table shows the maximum amount of Methane 400 Cubic Meter which can be produced
from Bio- solid waste from 1 Tone [9]
Daily
production
Cubic Meter
per tons
KW per Cubic
Meter
Daily production
of KW
production of
KW
Percentage of
the daily
consumption
1527.5 x 400 x 1,8 = 919800 = 45824 = 11,44 %
VI. CONCLUSION
Since the average production of each ton of Bio-solid Waste is 200 Cubic Meter of methane, and since
Gaza strip produces 1527, 5 ton of Bio-solid Waste a day, it is possible to produce approximately 305500 Cubic
Meter of methane a day [9].
This amount of gas can be used in two ways:
1- Methane can be used in generators as an alternative to industrial fuel. The daily average amount of
electricity which is 305500 Cubic Meter of methane can produce is estimate at 23MW which constitute 5.72%
of the daily consumption which is 400MW in Gaza strip [9].
2- Methane is used in cooking instead of natural gas. This amount of gas can meet the daily need of
611000 people [9].
VII. RECOMMENDATIONS
- Encouraging the Palestinians not to over produce solid waste in general and Bio-solid waste in particular.
- Motivating Palestinians to sort solid waste in its production place, such as houses, markets and farms.
- Developing and improving solid waste administration and making local programmers to rehabilitate
workers in this field.
- Finding enough standard and environment friendly deposits in all parts of the country.
- Imposing strict rules against disposing of waste in random deposits.
- Supporting and constructing solid waste recycling stations.
- Making topics about the environment and waste recycling part of school curriculum.
REFERENCES
[1] http://math2012edu.blogspot.com/2012/09/blog-post_6820.html, 1-8-2013
[2] http://www.maan-ctr.org/magazine/Archive/Issue51/topic14.php, 6-8-2013
[3] http://www.ecomena.org/gaza-waste, 11-8-2013
[4] http://env-gro.com/vb/showthread.php?t=915, 21-8-2013
[5] http://www.alnazafa.com/?page=show_det&category_id=8&id=35&lang=ar&lang=ar, 30-8-2013
[6] http://estanteg.blogspot.com/2012/04/blog-post.html, 2-9-2013
[7] http://www.baytalinsaan.com/body/artoffarming/compost1.htm, 5-9-2013
[8] http://kawngroup.com/bio-digester/, 23-8-2013
[9] http://www.anaerobic-digestion.com/html/biogas_calculator.php, 1-9-2013
[10] https://www.paldf.net/forum/showthread.php?t=1073523, 12-8-2013