I. Use Venn diagrams to test the validity of the following arguments. 1. No sharks are pets, since no barracuda are pets, and no sharks are barracuda. 2. No farmers are city dwellers. Hence, since all city dwellers are urbanites, no urbanites are farmers. 3. All curmudgeons are pessimists. All pessimists are cynics. So, some cynics are curmudgeons. 4. Some bankers are vegetarians. No anarchists are bankers. So, some anarchists are not vegetarians. 5. No beach bums are workaholics. Some beach bums are rollerbladers. So, some rollerbladers are not workaholics. 6. All violinists are musicians. Therefore, since some bookworms are violinists, some bookworms are musicians. 7. No poker players are early risers. Some firefighters are early risers. So, some firefighters are not poker players. 8. Some dot-com millionaires are philanthropists. All philanthropists are altruists. Hence, some altruists are dot-com millionaires. 9. Some telemarketers are Methodists. Some Methodists are Democrats. So, some Democrats are telemarketers. 10. No Fords are Pontiacs. All Escorts are Fords. So, some Escorts are not Pontiacs. 11. No mockingbirds are cardinals. Some cardinals are songbirds. So, some songbirds are not mockingbirds. 12. Page 249All ecologists are environmentalists. Hence, because all ecologists are wilderness lovers, all wilderness lovers are environmentalists. 13. No landlubbers are sailors. Some sailors are not pirates. So, some pirates are not landlubbers. 14. All cats are carnivores. All tigers are cats. So, all tigers are carnivores. 15. All sound arguments are valid arguments. Therefore, because some sound arguments are mathematical arguments, some mathematical arguments are not valid arguments. 16. No fish are reptiles. All trout are fish. So, some trout are not reptiles. 17. Some dreamers are not romantics, because some idealists are not romantics, and all idealists are dreamers. 18. Some stockbrokers are couch potatoes. Hence, because all stockbrokers are e-traders, some e-traders are couch potatoes. 19. Some butchers are not bakers. No butchers are candlestick makers. Therefore, some candlestick makers are not bakers. 20. All meteorologists are forecasters. Hence, because some forecasters are psychics, some psychics are meteorologists. II. Translate the following into standard categorical form. Then use Venn diagrams to test the arguments for validity. 1. No one who is a Nobel Prize winner is a rock star. A number of astrophysicists are Nobel Prize winners. Therefore, a number of astrophysicists are not rock stars. 2. Many philosophers are determinists. Anyone who is a fatalist is a determinist. So, many fatalists are philosophers. 3. If anything is a maple, then it's a tree. Hence, because nothing that is a bush is a tree, nothing that is a bush is a maple. 4. Everybody who is a liberal is a big spender. Therefore, because Senator Crumley i.