The I-601 waiver is a request for a waiver of certain grounds of inadmissibility to obtain U.S. lawful permanent resident status, commonly due to unlawful presence, certain crimes, or fraud. Applicants must demonstrate 'extreme hardship' to a qualifying relative, such as a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse or parent, if denied admission. The document outlines the legal standards, necessary evidence, and examples for preparing an I-601 waiver application.