Solution manual chapter 3 fap

Chapter 3
Adjusting Accounts and Preparing
Financial Statements
QUESTIONS
1. The cash basis of accounting reports revenues when cash is received while the
accrual basis reports revenues when they are earned. The cash basis reports
expenses when cash is paid while the accrual basis reports expenses when they are
incurred (and matched with revenues they generated).
2. The accrual basis of accounting generally provides a better indication of company
performance and financial condition than does the cash basis. Also, the accrual
basis increases the comparability of financial statements from one period to the
next. Thus, business decision makers generally prefer the accrual basis.
3. Businesses that have major seasonal variations in sales are most likely to select the
natural business year as the fiscal year.
4. A prepaid expense is reported as an asset on the balance sheet.
5. Depreciable plant assets (such as equipment, buildings, and machinery) lead to
adjustments for depreciation.
6. The Accumulated Depreciation contra account is used for depreciation. It provides
financial statement users with additional information about the relative age of the
assets. Without the contra account information, the reader would not be able to tell
whether the assets are new or in need of replacement.
7. An unearned revenue is reported as a liability on the balance sheet.
8. An accrued revenue is revenue that is earned but is not yet received in cash (and/or
other assets) and the customer has not been billed prior to the end of the period.
Therefore, end-of-period adjustments are made to record accrued revenue.
Examples are interest income that has been earned but not collected and revenues
from services performed that are neither collected nor billed.
9. If prepaid expenses are initially recorded with debits to expense accounts, then the
prepaid expenses asset accounts are debited in the adjusting entries.
10. For Krispy Kreme, the two accounts of Prepaid Expenses and Property and
Equipment require adjusting entries. The expense account(s) related to the prepaid
account and the depreciation expense account would be understated on the income
statement if Krispy Kreme fails to adjust these two asset accounts. If the adjusting
entries are not made, net income would be overstated. Note: Students might also
correctly identify accounts receivable, deferred income taxes and intangible assets
as needing adjustment.
©McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005
Solutions Manual, Chapter 3 119

11. In addition to prepayments, Tastykake must make adjusting entries to Property,
Plant and Equipment, Deferred Income Taxes, Accrued Payroll and Employee
Benefits, and possibly other assets and liabilities such as Receivables (for bad
debts).
12. The Accrued Wages Expense would be reported as part of “Accrued Expenses and
Other Liabilities” on Harley-Davidson’s balance sheet.
QUICK STUDIES
Quick Study 3-1 (10 minutes)
a. UR Unearned revenue
b. PE Prepaid expenses (Depreciation)
c. AE Accrued expenses
d. AR Accrued revenue
e. PE Prepaid expenses
a. Insurance Expense....................................................... 1,800
Prepaid Insurance................................................. 1,800
To record 6-month insurance coverage expired.
b. Supplies Expense......................................................... 2,700
Supplies.................................................................. 2,700
To record supplies used during the year.
($1,000 + $3,000 – [?] = $1,300)
a. Depreciation Expense—Equipment............................ 5,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment............. 5,000
To record depreciation expense for the year.
($30,000 - $5,000) / 5 years = $5,000
b. No depreciation adjustments are made for land as it is expected to last
indefinitely.
Fundamental Accounting Principles, 17th
Edition120

a. Unearned Revenue........................................................ 15,000
Legal Revenue....................................................... 15,000
To recognize legal revenue earned (20,000 x 3/4).
b. Unearned Subscription Revenue................................ 2,400
Subscription Revenue........................................... 2,400
To recognize subscription revenue earned.
[100 x ($48 / 12 month) x 6 months]
Salaries Expense........................................................... 400
Salaries Payable.................................................... 400
To record salaries incurred but not yet paid.
[One student earns, $100 x 4 days, M-R]
Accounts Debited and Credited Financial Statement
a. Debit Unearned Revenue Balance Sheet
Credit Revenue Earned Income Statement
b. Debit Depreciation Expense Income Statement
Credit Accumulated Depreciation Balance Sheet
c. Debit Wages Expense Income Statement
Credit Wages Payable Balance Sheet
d. Debit Accounts Receivable Balance Sheet
Credit Revenue Earned Income Statement
e. Debit Insurance Expense Income Statement
Credit Prepaid Insurance Balance Sheet
Adjusting entry Debit Credit
1. Accrue salaries expense f d
2. Adjust the Unearned Services Revenue account e g

to recognize earned revenue
3. Record the earning of services revenue for which
cash will be received the following period
a g
Edition122

The answer is c.
Explanation:
The debit balance in Prepaid Insurance was reduced by $400, implying a
$400 debit to Insurance Expense. The credit balance in Interest Payable
increased by $800, implying an $800 debit to Interest Expense.
Cash Accounting:
Revenues (cash receipts)....................................................... $33,000
Expenses (cash payments: $22,500 - $2,250 + $3,750)....... 24,000
Net income .............................................................................. $ 9,000
Accrual Accounting:
Revenues (earned) ................................................................. $39,000
Expenses (incurred) ............................................................... 22,500
Net income............................................................................... $16,500
The answer is 2.
Explanation:
Insurance premium error:
Understates expenses (and overstates assets) by........... $1,600
Accrued salaries error:
Understates expenses (and understates liabilities) by.... 1,000
Combination of errors:
Understates expenses by................................................... $2,600
Overstates assets by.......................................................... $1,600
Understates liabilities by.................................................... $1,000
Profit margin = $37,925 / $390,000 = 9.7%

Interpretation: For every one dollar that Yang Company records as revenue,
it earns 9.7 cents in net income. Yang’s 9.7% is markedly lower than
competitors’ average profit margin of 15%—it must improve performance.
Quick Study 3-12A
(5 minutes)
The answer is d.
Edition124

EXERCISES
Exercise 3-1 (15 minutes)
1. B. 4. F
2. E. 5. D
3. C. 6. A.
a. Unearned Fee Revenue................................................. 10,000
Fee Revenue............................................................... 10,000
To record earned portion of fee received in advance.
b. Wages Expense.............................................................. 9,000
Wages Payable........................................................... 9,000
To record wages accrued but not yet paid.
c. Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............................. 19,127
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment.................. 19,127
d. Office Supplies Expense............................................... 5,242
Office Supplies**
......................................................... 5,242
To record office supplies used ($480 + $5,349 - $587).
e. Insurance Expense........................................................ 2,800
Prepaid Insurance*
..................................................... 2,800
To record insurance coverage expired ($5,000 - $2,200).
f. Interest Receivable....................................................... 750
Interest Revenue....................................................... 750
To record interest earned but not yet received.
g. Interest Expense........................................................... 3,500
Interest Payable........................................................ 3,500
To record interest incurred but not yet paid.
Notes:
Prepaid Insurance*
Office Supplies**
Beg. Bal. 5,000 Beg. Bal. 480
Purch. 5,349
? Used ? Used

End. Bal. 2,200 End. Bal. 587
Edition126

a. Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............................. 16,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment.................. 16,000
b. Insurance Expense........................................................ 5,960
Prepaid Insurance*
..................................................... 5,960
To record insurance coverage that expired
($7,000 - $1,040).
c. Office Supplies Expense............................................... 2,626
Office Supplies**
......................................................... 2,626
To record office supplies used ($300 + $2,680 - $354).
d. Unearned Fee Revenue................................................. 5,000
Fee Revenue............................................................... 5,000
To record earned portion of fee received in advance
($10,000 x 1/2).
e. Insurance Expense........................................................ 4,600
Prepaid Insurance...................................................... 4,600
To record insurance coverage that expired.
f. Wages Expense.............................................................. 4,000
Wages Payable........................................................... 4,000
To record wages accrued but not yet paid.
Notes:
Prepaid Insurance*
Office Supplies**
Bal. Bal. 7,000 Beg. Bal. 300
Purch. 2,680
? Used ? Used
End. Bal. 1,040 End. Bal. 354

a. Adjusting entry:
2005
Dec. 31 Wages Expense................................................ 500
Wages Payable.............................................. 500
To record accrued wages for one day.
(5 workers x $100)
b. Payday entry:
2006
Jan. 4 Wages Expense................................................ 1,500
Wages Payable.................................................. 500
Cash............................................................... 2,000
To record accrued and current wages.
a. $1,650
b. $5,700
c. $10,080
d. $1,375
Proof:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Supplies available – prior year-end....... $ 300 $1,600 $ 1,360 $1,375
Supplies purchased in current year....... 2,100 5,400 10,080 6,000
Total supplies available........................... 2,400 7,000 11,440 7,375
Supplies available – current year-end... (750) (5,700) (1,840) (800)
Supplies expense for current year......... $1,650 $1,300 $ 9,600 $6,575
Edition128

a.
Apr. 30 Legal Fees Expense............................................ 2,500
Legal Fees Payable..................................... 2,500
To record accrued legal fees.
May 12 Legal Fees Payable............................................. 2,500
Cash.............................................................. 2,500
To pay accrued legal fees.
b.
Apr. 30 Interest Expense................................................. 2,080
Interest Payable........................................... 2,080
To record accrued interest expense
(9.6% x $780,000 x 10/360) or ($6,240 x 10/30).
May 20 Interest Payable................................................... 2,080
Interest Expense................................................. 4,160
Cash.............................................................. 6,240
To record payment of accrued and current
interest expense (9.6% x $780,000 x 20/360).
c.
Apr. 30 Salaries Expense................................................. 3,600
Salaries Payable.......................................... 3,600
To record accrued salaries
($9,000 x 2/5 week).
May 3 Salaries Payable.................................................. 3,600
Salaries Expense................................................. 5,400
Cash.............................................................. 9,000
To record payment of accrued and
current salaries ($9,000 x 3/5 week).

Balance Sheet Insurance Asset using Insurance Expense using
Accrual
Basis*
Cash
Basis
Accrual
Basis**
Cash
Basis
Dec. 31, 2003 $11,700 $0 2003......... $ 4,500 $16,200
Dec. 31, 2004 6,300 0 2004......... 5,400 0
Dec. 31, 2005 900 0 2005......... 5,400 0
Dec. 31, 2006 0 0 2006......... 900 0
Total........ $16,200 $16,200
EXPLANATIONS:
*
Accrual asset balance equals months left in the policy x $450 per month (monthly
cost is computed as $450, from $16,200 divided by 36 months).
Months Left Balance
12/31/2003... 26 $11,700
12/31/2004... 14 6,300
12/31/2005... 2 900
12/31/2006... 0 0
**
Accrual insurance expense equals months covered in the year x $450 per month.
Months Covered Expense
2003...... 10 $ 4,500
2004...... 12 5,400
2005...... 12 5,400
2006...... 2 900
$16,200
Edition130

Dec. 31 Accounts Receivable.............................................. 1,800
Fees Earned..................................................... 1,800
To record earned but unbilled fees
(30% x $6,000).
31 Unearned Fees......................................................... 4,200
Fees Earned..................................................... 4,200
To record earned fees collected in
advance (70% x $6,000).
31 Depreciation Expense—Computers....................... 1,500
Accumulated Depreciation—Computers...... 1,500
To record depreciation on computers.
31 Depreciation Expense—Office Furniture................ 1,750
Accumulated Depreciation—Office Furniture.... 1,750
To record depreciation on office furniture.
31 Salaries Expense.................................................... 2,450
Salaries Payable.............................................. 2,450
To record accrued salaries.
31 Insurance Expense.................................................. 1,300
Prepaid Insurance........................................... 1,300
To record expired prepaid insurance.
31 Office Supplies Expense......................................... 480
Office Supplies................................................ 480
To record use of office supplies.
31 Utilities Expense...................................................... 70
Utilities Payable............................................... 70
To record incurred and unpaid utility costs.

a. $5,390 / $44,830 = 12.0%
b. $87,644 / $398,954 = 22.0%
c. $93,385 / $257,082 = 36.3%
d. $55,234 / $1,458,999 = 3.8%
e. $70,158 / $435,925 = 16.1%
Analysis and Interpretation: Company c has the highest profitability
according to the profit margin ratio. Company c earns 36.3 cents in net
income for each one dollar of net sales recorded.
Exercise 3-10A
(30 minutes)
a.
Dec. 1 Supplies Expense............................................ 3,000
Cash.......................................................... 3,000
Purchased supplies.
b.
Dec. 2 Insurance Expense.......................................... 1,440
Cash.......................................................... 1,440
Paid insurance premiums.
c.
Dec.15 Cash.................................................................. 12,000
Remodeling Fees Earned........................ 12,000
Received fees for work to be done.
d.
Dec.28 Cash.................................................................. 3,600
Remodeling Fees Earned........................ 3,600
e.
Dec.31 Supplies........................................................... 1,920
Supplies Expense.................................... 1,920
Adjust expenses for unused supplies.
f.
Dec.31 Prepaid Insurance ($1,440 - $240)................. 1,200
Insurance Expense.................................. 1,200
Adjust expenses for unexpired coverage.
g.
Dec.31 Remodeling Fees Earned .............................. 9,300
Unearned Remodeling Fees................... 9,300
Adjusted revenues for unfinished
projects ($12,000 + $3,600 - $6,300).
Edition132

Exercise 3-11A
(25 minutes)
a. Initial credit recorded in the Unearned Fees account:
July 1 Cash....................................................................... 2,000
Unearned Fees.............................................. 2,000
6 Cash....................................................................... 8,400
Unearned Fees.............................................. 8,400
12 Unearned Fees...................................................... 2,000
Fees Earned................................................... 2,000
Completed work for customer.
18 Cash....................................................................... 7,500
Unearned Fees.............................................. 7,500
27 Unearned Fees...................................................... 8,400
Fees Earned................................................... 8,400
Completed work for customer.
31 No adjusting entries required.
b. Initial credit recorded in the Fees Earned account:
July 1 Cash....................................................................... 2,000
Fees Earned................................................... 2,000
6 Cash....................................................................... 8,400
Fees Earned................................................... 8,400
12 No entry required.
18 Cash....................................................................... 7,500
Fees Earned................................................... 7,500
27 No entry required.
31 Fees Earned.......................................................... 7,500
Unearned Fees.............................................. 7,500
Adjusted to reflect unearned fees for unfinished job.
c. Under the first method (and using entries from a):
Unearned Fees = $2,000 + $8,400 - $2,000 + $7,500 - $8,400 = $7,500
Fees Earned = $2,000 + $8,400 = $10,400
Under the second method (and using entries from b):
Unearned Fees = $7,500

Fees Earned = $2,000 + $8,400 + $7,500 - $7,500 = $10,400
[Note: Both procedures yield identical results in the financial statements.]
Edition134

PROBLEM SET A
Problem 3-1A (15 minutes)
1. G. 4. B. 7. H. 10. D.
2. E. 5. G. 8. E. 11. A.
3. I. 6. C. 9. F. 12. D.
Part 1
Adjustment (a)
Dec.31 Office Supplies Expense......................... 12,760
Office Supplies................................. 12,760
To record cost of supplies used
($3,000 + $12,400 - $2,640).
Adjustment (b)
31 Insurance Expense.................................. 12,312
Prepaid Insurance............................ 12,312
To record annual insurance coverage cost.
Policy Cost per Month
Months Active
in 2005 2005 Cost
A $660 ($15,840/24 mo.) 12 $ 7,920
B 363 ($13,068/36 mo.) 9 3,267
C 225 ($ 2,700 /12 mo.) 5 1,125
Total $12,312
Adjustment (c)
31 Salaries Expense (2 days x $2,100)........ 4,200
Salaries Payable............................... 4,200
To record accrued but unpaid wages.
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Building........... 27,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Building 27,000
To record annual depreciation expense
[($855,000 -$45,000) / 30 years = $27,000]

Problem 3-2A (Continued)
Adjustment (e)
Dec.31 Rent Receivable....................................... 2,400
Rent Earned...................................... 2,400
To record earned but unpaid Dec. rent.
Adjustment (f)
31 Unearned Rent......................................... 4,350
Rent Earned...................................... 4,350
To record the amount of rent earned for
November and December (2 x $2,175).
Part 2
Cash Payment for (c)
Jan. 6 Salaries Payable...................................... 4,200
Salaries Expense*.................................... 6,300
Cash................................................... 10,500
current salaries. *(3 days x $2,100)
Cash Payment for (e)
15 Cash.......................................................... 4,800
Rent Receivable................................ 2,400
Rent Earned...................................... 2,400
To record past due rent for two months.
Edition136

Parts 1 and 2
Cash Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 26,000 Unadj. Bal. 70,000
Accounts Receivable
Accumulated Depreciation—
Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 0 Unadj. Bal. 16,000
(f) 7,500 (c) 12,000
Adj. Bal. 7,500 Adj. Bal. 28,000
Teaching Supplies Accounts Payable
Unadj. Bal. 10,000 Bal. 36,000
(b) 7,400
Adj. Bal. 2,600 Salaries Payable
Unadj. Bal. 0
Prepaid Insurance (g) 400
Unadj. Bal. 15,000 Adj. Bal. 400
(a) 3,000
Adj. Bal. 12,000 Unearned Training Fees
Unadj. Bal. 11,000
Prepaid Rent (e) 4,400
Unadj. Bal. 2,000 Adj. Bal. 6,600
(h) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 0 T. Watson, Capital
Bal. 63,600
Professional Library
Bal. 30,000 T. Watson, Withdrawals
Bal. 40,000
Unadj. Bal. 9,000
(d) 6,000
Adj. Bal. 15,000

Tuition Fees Earned Rent Expense
(f) 7,500 (h) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 109,500 Adj. Bal. 24,000
Training Fees Earned Teaching Supplies Expense
Unadj. Bal. 38,000 Unadj. Bal. 0
(e) 4,400 (b) 7,400
Adj. Bal. 42,400 Adj. Bal. 7,400
Depreciation Expense—
Professional Library Advertising Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0 Bal. 7,000
(d) 6,000
Adj. Bal. 6,000
Equipment Utilities Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0 Bal. 5,600
(c) 12,000
Adj. Bal. 12,000
Salaries Expense
Unadj. Bal. 48,000
(g) 400
Adj. Bal. 48,400
Insurance Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0
(a) 3,000
Adj. Bal. 3,000
Edition138

Part 2
Adjustment (a)
Dec. 31 Insurance Expense......................................... 3,000
Prepaid Insurance..................................... 3,000
To record the insurance expired.
Adjustment (b)
31 Teaching Supplies Expense.......................... 7,400
Teaching Supplies.................................... 7,400
To record supplies used ($10,000-$2,600).
Adjustment (c)
31 Depreciation Expense—Equipment.............. 12,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment...... 12,000
To record equipment depreciation.
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Profess. Library..... 6,000
Accumul. Depreciation—Profess. Library... 6,000
To record professional library depreciation.
Adjustment (e)
31 Unearned Training Fees................................. 4,400
Training Fees Earned............................... 4,400
To record training fees earned that were
collected in advance.
Adjustment (f)
31 Accounts Receivable...................................... 7,500
Tuition Fees Earned................................. 7,500
To record tuition earned ($3,000 x 2 1/2 months).
Adjustment (g)
31 Salaries Expense............................................ 400
Salaries Payable....................................... 400
To record accrued salaries (2 days x $100 x 2).
Adjustment (h)
31 Rent Expense.................................................. 2,000
Prepaid Rent.............................................. 2,000
To record expiration of prepaid rent.

Part 3
Watson Technical Institute
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2005
Debit Credit
Cash......................................................................... $ 26,000
Accounts receivable.............................................. 7,500
Teaching supplies ................................................. 2,600
Prepaid insurance.................................................. 12,000
Prepaid rent............................................................ 0
Professional library................................................ 30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library. . $ 15,000
Equipment............................................................... 70,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment.............. 28,000
Accounts payable................................................... 36,000
Salaries payable..................................................... 400
Unearned training fees.......................................... 6,600
T. Watson, Capital.................................................. 63,600
T. Watson, Withdrawals......................................... 40,000
Tuition fees earned................................................ 109,500
Training fees earned.............................................. 42,400
Depreciation expense—Professional library....... 6,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment...................... 12,000
Salaries expense ................................................... 48,400
Insurance expense................................................. 3,000
Rent expense.......................................................... 24,000
Teaching supplies expense................................... 7,400
Advertising expense.............................................. 7,000
Utilities expense..................................................... 5,600 _______
Totals....................................................................... $301,500 $301,500
Edition140

Part 4
WATSON TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenues
Tuition fees earned............................................ $109,500
Training fees earned.......................................... 42,400
Total revenues.................................................... $151,900
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Professional library... 6,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment.................. 12,000
Salaries expense................................................ 48,400
Insurance expense............................................. 3,000
Rent expense...................................................... 24,000
Teaching supplies expense............................... 7,400
Advertising expense.......................................... 7,000
Utilities expense................................................. 5,600
Total expenses................................................... 113,400
Net income............................................................ $ 38,500
Statement of Owner’s Equity
T. Watson, Capital, December 31, 2004.............. $ 63,600
Plus: Net income.................................................. 38,500
102,100
Less: Owner withdrawals.................................... 40,000
T. Watson, Capital, December 31, 2005.............. $ 62,100

Problem 3-3A (Concluded)
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash................................................................................. $ 26,000
Accounts receivable...................................................... 7,500
Teaching supplies.......................................................... 2,600
Prepaid insurance.......................................................... 12,000
Professional library........................................................ $30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library....... (15,000) 15,000
Equipment....................................................................... 70,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment...................... (28,000) 42,000
Total assets..................................................................... $105,100
Liabilities
Accounts payable........................................................... $ 36,000
Salaries payable............................................................. 400
Unearned training fees.................................................. 6,600
Total liabilities................................................................ 43,000
Equity
T. Watson, Capital.......................................................... 62,100
Total liabilities and equity............................................. $105,100
Edition142

Problem 3-4A (45 minutes) — Part 1
Account
Unadjusted
TrialBalance Adjustments
Adjusted
TrialBalance
Cash............................... $27,000 $27,000
Accountsreceivable.......... 12,000 (a
)
10,460 22,460
Officesupplies.................. 18,000 (b
)
15,000 3,000
Prepaidinsurance............. 7,320 (c) 2,440 4,880
Officeequipment............... 92,000 92,000
Accumulateddepreciation
—Officeequipment.......... $12,000 (d
)
6,000 $18,000
Accountspayable............. 9,300 (e) 900 10,200
Interestpayable................. (f) 800 800
Salariespayable................ (g
)
6,600 6,600
Unearnedconsultingfees... 16,000 (h) 1,700 14,300
Long-termnotespayable.... 44,000 44,000
J.Winner,Capital.............. 28,420 28,420
J.Winner,Withdrawals....... 10,000 10,000
Consultingfees
earned........................... 156,000
(a)
(h
)
10,460
1,700 168,160
Depreciationexpense—
Officeequipment............. (d) 6,000 6,000
Salariesexpense............... 71,000 (g) 6,600 77,600
Interestexpense................ 1,400 (f) 800 2,200
Insuranceexpense............ (c
)
2,440 2,440
Rentexpense................... 13,200 13,200
Officesuppliesexpense..... (b) 15,000 15,000
Advertisingexpense.......... 13,800 _______ (e
)
90
0
______ 14,700 _______
Totals.............................. $265,720 $265,720 $43,900 $43,90
0
$290,480 $290,480
Adjustment description:
(a) Earned but uncollected revenues.
(b) Cost of consumed office supplies.

(c) Cost of expired insurance coverage.
(d) Depreciation expense on office equipment.
(e) Incurred but unpaid advertising expense.
(f) Incurred but unpaid interest expense.
(g) Incurred but unpaid salaries expense.
(h) Earned revenues previously received in advance.
Edition144

Problem 3-4A
Part 2
JJW COMPANY
Income Statement
For Year Ended July 31, 2005
Revenues
Consulting fees earned ................................ $168,160
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Office equipment. . $ 6,000
Salaries expense .......................................... 77,600
Interest expense ........................................... 2,200
Insurance expense ....................................... 2,440
Rent expense ................................................ 13,200
Office supplies expense .............................. 15,000
Advertising expense .................................... 14,700
Total expenses.............................................. 131,140
Net income....................................................... $ 37,020
JJW COMPANY
For Year Ended July 31, 2005
J. Winner, Capital, July 31, 2004.................... $28,420
Plus: Net income............................................. 37,020
65,440
Less: Owner withdrawals............................... 10,000
J. Winner, Capital, July 31, 2005.................... $55,440

Part 2
JJW COMPANY
Balance Sheet
July 31, 2005
Assets
Cash............................................................................ $ 27,000
Accounts receivable.................................................. 22,460
Office supplies........................................................... 3,000
Prepaid insurance...................................................... 4,880
Office equipment........................................................ $92,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment....... (18,000) 74,000
Total assets................................................................ $131,340
Liabilities
Accounts payable...................................................... $ 10,200
Interest payable.......................................................... 800
Salaries payable......................................................... 6,600
Unearned consulting fees......................................... 14,300
Long-term notes payable.......................................... 44,000
Total liabilities............................................................ 75,900
Equity
J. Winner, Capital....................................................... 55,440
Total liabilities and equity......................................... $131,340
Edition146

Part 1
CALLAHAY COMPANY
Income Statement
Revenues
Fees earned.............................................. $420,000
Interest earned.......................................... 16,000
Total revenues.......................................... $436,000
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Automobiles..... 18,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment........ 10,000
Salaries expense...................................... 180,000
Wages expense........................................ 32,000
Interest expense....................................... 24,000
Office supplies expense.......................... 26,000
Advertising expense................................ 50,000
Repairs expense—Automobiles............. 16,800
Total expenses......................................... 356,800
Net income.................................................. $ 79,200
CALLAHAY COMPANY
Statement of Owner's Equity
J. Callahay, Capital, December 31, 2004. . $247,800
Plus: Net income....................................... 79,200
327,000
Less: Withdrawals by owner.................... 38,000
J. Callahay, Capital, December 31, 2005. . $289,000

CALLAHAY COMPANY
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash........................................................................ $ 22,000
Accounts receivable............................................. 44,000
Interest receivable................................................. 10,000
Notes receivable (due in 90 days)....................... 160,000
Office supplies...................................................... 8,000
Automobiles.......................................................... $160,000
Accumulated depreciation—Automobiles.......... (42,000) 118,000
Equipment.............................................................. 130,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment............. (10,000) 120,000
Land........................................................................ 70,000
Total assets........................................................... $552,000
Liabilities
Accounts payable................................................. $ 88,000
Interest payable..................................................... 12,000
Salaries payable.................................................... 11,000
Unearned fees....................................................... 22,000
Long-term notes payable..................................... 130,000
Total liabilities....................................................... 263,000
Equity
J. Callahay, Capital............................................... 289,000
Total liabilities and equity.................................... $552,000
Part 2
Profit margin = $79,200 / $436,000 = 18.2%
Edition148

Problem 3-6AA
(40 minutes)
Part 1
Assume prepaid expenses are recorded as assets and unearned revenues as liabilities.
Nov. 1 Prepaid Advertising ....................................... 1,500
Cash.......................................................... 1,500
Paid for future advertising.
1 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 2,160
Cash.......................................................... 2,160
Paid insurance for one year.
30 Cash.................................................................. 3,300
Unearned Service Fees........................... 3,300
Received fees in advance.
Dec. 1 Prepaid Consulting Fees ............................... 2,700
Cash.......................................................... 2,700
Paid for future consulting.
15 Cash.................................................................. 7,650
31 Advertising Expense....................................... 600
Prepaid Advertising ................................ 600
To adjust prepaid advertising ($1,500-$900).
31 Insurance Expense.......................................... 360
Prepaid Insurance.................................... 360
To adjust prepaid insurance
($2,160 x 2/12).
31 Unearned Service Fees .................................. 2,100
Service Fees Earned................................ 2,100
To adjust unearned service fees
($3,300-$1,200).
31 Consulting Fees Expense .............................. 900
Prepaid Consulting Fees......................... 900
To adjust prepaid consulting fees
($2,700 x 1/3).
31 Unearned Service Fees .................................. 3,000
To adjust unearned service fees.

Problem 3-6AA
(Continued)
Part 2
Assume prepaid expenses are recorded as expenses and unearned revenues as revenues.
Nov. 1 Advertising Expense....................................... 1,500
Cash.......................................................... 1,500
1 Insurance Expense.......................................... 2,160
Cash.......................................................... 2,160
30 Cash.................................................................. 3,300
Dec. 1 Consulting Fees Expense............................... 2,700
Cash.......................................................... 2,700
Paid for future consulting.
15 Cash.................................................................. 7,650
31 Prepaid Advertising........................................ 900
Advertising Expense............................... 900
To adjust for prepaid advertising.
31 Prepaid Insurance........................................... 1,800
Insurance Expense.................................. 1,800
To adjust for prepaid insurance.
31 Service Fees Earned....................................... 1,200
To adjust for unearned service fees.
31 Prepaid Consulting Fees................................ 1,800
Consulting Fees Expense....................... 1,800
To adjust for prepaid consulting fees.
31 Service Fees Earned....................................... 4,650
Edition150

Problem 3-6AA
(Concluded)
Part 3
There are no differences between the two methods in terms of the amounts
that appear on the financial statements. In both cases, the financial
statements reflect the following:
Advertising expense for two months................................... $ 600
Prepaid advertising as of December 31............................... 900
Insurance expense for two months..................................... 360
Prepaid insurance as of December 31................................. 1,800
Consulting fees expense (1/3 of total paid)......................... 900
Prepaid consulting fees........................................................ 1,800
Service fees earned for two months ($2,100 + $3,000)...... 5,100
Unearned service fees at 12/31 ($1,200 + $4,650)............... 5,850
When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in balance
sheet accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to generate the
correct asset, expense, liability, and revenue account balances. When
prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in income
statement accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to
accomplish exactly the same result.

PROBLEM SET B
Problem 3-1B (15 minutes)
1. E. 4. C. 7. F. 10. I.
2. H. 5. D. 8. I. 11. A.
3. G. 6. B. 9. F. 12. B.
Part 1
Adjustment (a)
Oct. 31 Office Supplies Expense........................................ 3,450
Office Supplies................................................ 3,450
To record cost of supplies used
($500 + $3,650 - $700).
Adjustment (b)
31 Insurance Expense................................................. 2,365
Prepaid Insurance........................................... 2,365
To record annual insurance coverage cost.
Policy Cost per Month
Months Active
in 2005
2005
Expense
A $125 ($3,000/24 mo.) 12 $1,500
B 100 ($3,600/36 mo.) 7 700
C 55 ( $660 / 12 mo.) 3 165
Total $2,365
Adjustment (c)
31 Salaries Expense.................................................... 800
Salaries Payable.............................................. 800
To record accrued but unpaid wages
(1 day x $800).
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Building.......................... 5,400
Accumulated Depreciation—Building........... 5,400
To record annual depreciation
[($155,000-$20,000) / 25 years = $5,400].
Edition152

Problem 3-2B (Concluded)
Adjustment (e)
Oct. 31 Rent Receivable...................................................... 600
Rent Earned..................................................... 600
To record earned but unpaid Oct. rent.
Adjustment (f)
31 Unearned Rent........................................................ 1,050
Rent Earned..................................................... 1,050
To record rent earned for September
and October (2 x $525).
Part 2
Cash Payment for (c)
Nov. 7 Salaries Payable..................................................... 800
Salaries Expense*................................................... 3,200
Cash.................................................................. 4,000
current salaries. *(4 days x $800)
Cash Payment for (e)
15 Cash......................................................................... 1,200
Rent Receivable............................................... 600
Rent Earned..................................................... 600
To record past due rent for two months.

Parts 1 and 2
Cash Accounts Payable
Bal. 50,000 Bal. 12,200
Accounts Receivable Salaries Payable
Unadj. Bal. 0 Unadj. Bal. 0
(f) 5,500 (g) 540
Adj. Bal. 5,500 Adj. Bal. 540
Teaching Supplies Unearned Training Fees
(b) 57,500 (e) 9,200
Adj. Bal. 2,500 Adj. Bal. 18,400
Prepaid Insurance M. Alcorn, Capital
Unadj. Bal. 18,000 Bal. 68,500
(a) 6,400
Adj. Bal. 11,600
M. Alcorn, Withdrawals
Prepaid Rent Bal. 20,000
Unadj. Bal. 2,600
(h) 2,600
Adj. Bal. 0
Bal. 10,000
Unadj. Bal. 1,500
(d) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 3,500
Equipment
Bal. 30,000
Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 16,000
(c) 4,000
Adj. Bal. 20,000
Edition154

Problem 3-3B (Continued)
Parts 1 and 2
Tuition Fees Earned Advertising Expense
Unadj. Bal. 105,000 Bal. 18,000
(f) 5,500
Adj. Bal. 110,500
Training Fees Earned Utilities Expense
Unadj. Bal. 62,000 Bal. 12,400
(e) 9,200
Adj. Bal. 71,200
Unadj. Bal. 0
(d) 2,000
Adj. Bal. 2,000
Equipment
Unadj. Bal. 0
(c) 4,000
Adj. Bal. 4,000
Salaries Expense
Unadj. Bal. 43,200
(g) 540
Adj. Bal. 43,740
Insurance Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0
(a) 6,400
Adj. Bal. 6,400
Rent Expense
Unadj. Bal. 28,600
(h) 2,600
Adj. Bal. 31,200
Teaching Supplies Expense
Unadj. Bal. 0
(b) 57,500
Adj. Bal. 57,500

Part 2
Adjustment (a)
Dec. 31 Insurance Expense................................................ 6,400
Prepaid Insurance.......................................... 6,400
To record the insurance expired.
Adjustment (b)
31 Teaching Supplies Expense................................. 57,500
Teaching Supplies......................................... 57,500
To record the cost of supplies used
($60,000-$2,500).
Adjustment (c)
31 Depreciation Expense—Equipment..................... 4,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment..... 4,000
To record equipment depreciation.
Adjustment (d)
31 Depreciation Expense—Professional Library.... 2,000
Professional Library............................. 2,000
To record professional library depreciation.
Adjustment (e)
31 Unearned Training Fees........................................ 9,200
Training Fees Earned..................................... 9,200
To record training fees earned that
were collected in advance.
Adjustment (f)
31 Accounts Receivable............................................ 5,500
Tuition Fees Earned....................................... 5,500
To record tuition earned ($2,200 x 2 1/2 mo).
Adjustment (g)
31 Salaries Expense................................................... 540
Salaries Payable............................................. 540
To accrue salaries expense (3 days x $180).
Adjustment (h)
31 Rent Expense ........................................................ 2,600
Edition156

Prepaid Rent.............................................................. 2,600
To record expiration of prepaid rent.

Part 3
ALCORN INSTITUTE
December 31, 2005
Debit Credit
Cash............................................................................ $ 50,000
Accounts receivable.................................................... 5,500
Teaching supplies....................................................... 2,500
Prepaid insurance....................................................... 11,600
Prepaid rent................................................................. 0
Professional library..................................................... 10,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library........ $ 3,500
Equipment................................................................... 30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment..................... 20,000
Accounts payable....................................................... 12,200
Salaries payable.......................................................... 540
Unearned training fees................................................ 18,400
M. Alcorn, Capital........................................................ 68,500
M. Alcorn, Withdrawals............................................... 20,000
Tuition fees earned...................................................... 110,500
Training fees earned.................................................... 71,200
Depreciation expense—Professional library............... 2,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment............................. 4,000
Salaries expense......................................................... 43,740
Insurance expense...................................................... 6,400
Rent expense.............................................................. 31,200
Teaching supplies expense......................................... 57,500
Advertising expense................................................... 18,000
Utilities expense.......................................................... 12,400 _______
Totals.......................................................................... $304,840 $304,840
Edition158

Part 4
ALCORN INSTITUTE
Income Statement
Revenues
Tuition fees earned.................................................... $110,500
Training fees earned.................................................. 71,200
Total revenues............................................................ $181,700
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Professional library.......... 2,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment......................... 4,000
Salaries expense........................................................ 43,740
Insurance expense.................................................... 6,400
Rent expense.............................................................. 31,200
Teaching supplies expense...................................... 57,500
Advertising expense.................................................. 18,000
Utilities expense......................................................... 12,400
Total expenses........................................................... 175,240
Net income.................................................................... $ 6,460
ALCORN INSTITUTE
M. Alcorn, Capital, December 31, 2004.............. $68,500
Plus: Net income.................................................. 6,460
74,960
M. Alcorn, Capital, December 31, 2005.............. $54,960

ALCORN INSTITUTE
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash.............................................................................. $50,000
Accounts receivable.................................................... 5,500
Teaching supplies....................................................... 2,500
Prepaid insurance........................................................ 11,600
Professional library..................................................... $10,000
Accumulated depreciation—Professional library........... (3,500) 6,500
Equipment.................................................................... 30,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment.................... (20,000) 10,000
Total assets.................................................................. $86,100
Liabilities
Accounts payable........................................................ $12,200
Salaries payable........................................................... 540
Unearned training fees................................................ 18,400
Total liabilities.............................................................. 31,140
Equity
M. Alcorn, Capital......................................................... 54,960
Total liabilities and equity........................................... $86,100
Edition160

Problem 3-4B (45 minutes) — Part 1
Account
Unadjusted
TrialBalance Adjustments
Adjusted
TrialBalance
Cash............................... $48,000 $48,000
Accountsreceivable......... 70,000 (a) 6,660 76,660
Officesupplies................. 30,000 (b) 23,000 7,000
Prepaidinsurance............ 13,200 (c) 4,600 8,600
Officeequipment.............. 150,000 150,000
Accumulateddepreciation—
Officeequipment................
$30,000 (d) 10,000 $40,000
Accountspayable............ 36,000 (e) 6,000 42,000
Interestpayable................ (f) 1,600 1,600
Salariespayable............... (g) 11,200 11,200
Unearnedconsultingfees. 30,000 (h) 12,200 17,800
Long-termnotespayable. . 80,000 80,000
D.Chen,Capital............... 70,200 70,200
D.Chen,Withdrawals....... 10,000 10,000
Consulting feesearned....
264,000
(a)
(h)
6,660
12,200 282,860
Depreciationexpense—
Officeequipment........... (d) 10,000 10,000
Salariesexpense.............. 115,600 (g) 11,200 126,800
Interestexpense............... 6,400 (f) 1,600 8,000
Insurance expense.......... (c) 4,600 4,600
Rentexpense.................. 24,000 24,000
Officesuppliesexpense.... (b) 23,000 23,000
Advertisingexpense......... 43,000 _______ (e) 6,000 ______ 49,000 _______
Totals.............................. $510,200 $510,200 $75,260 $75,260 $545,660 $545,660
Adjustment Descriptions:
(a) Earned but uncollected revenues.
(b) Cost of consumed office supplies.
(c) Cost of expired insurance coverage.
(d) Depreciation expense on office equipment.
(e) Incurred but unpaid advertising expense.
(f) Incurred but unpaid interest expense.
(g) Incurred but unpaid salaries expense.
(h) Earned revenues previously received in advance.

Problem 3-4B
Part 2
DAXU CONSULTING COMPANY
Income Statement
Revenues
Consulting fees earned ..................................... $282,860
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Office equipment....... $ 10,000
Salaries expense ............................................... 126,800
Interest expense ................................................ 8,000
Insurance expense ............................................ 4,600
Rent expense ..................................................... 24,000
Office supplies expense ................................... 23,000
Advertising expense ......................................... 49,000
Total expenses................................................... 245,400
Net income............................................................ $ 37,460
D. Chen, Capital, December 31, 2004................. $ 70,200
Plus: Net income.................................................. 37,460
107,660
D. Chen, Capital, December 31, 2005................. $ 97,660
Edition162

Part 2
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash............................................................................. $ 48,000
Accounts receivable................................................... 76,660
Office supplies............................................................ 7,000
Prepaid insurance....................................................... 8,600
Office equipment......................................................... $150,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment........ (40,000) 110,000
Total assets................................................................. $250,260
Liabilities
Accounts payable....................................................... $ 42,000
Interest payable........................................................... 1,600
Salaries payable.......................................................... 11,200
Unearned consulting fees.......................................... 17,800
Long-term notes payable........................................... 80,000
Total liabilities............................................................. 152,600
Equity
D. Chen, Capital.......................................................... 97,660
Total liabilities and equity.......................................... $250,260

Part 1
LIGHTNING COURIER
Income Statement
Revenues
Delivery fees earned..................................... $580,000
Interest earned............................................... 24,000
Total revenues............................................... $604,000
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Trucks.................... 24,000
Depreciation expense—Equipment............. 46,000
Salaries expense........................................... 64,000
Wages expense............................................. 290,000
Interest expense............................................ 25,000
Office supplies expense............................... 33,000
Advertising expense..................................... 26,400
Repairs expense—Trucks............................ 34,600
Total expenses.............................................. 543,000
Net income....................................................... $ 61,000
LIGHTNING COURIER
Statement of Owner's Equity
J. Hallam, Capital, December 31, 2004.......... $115,000
Plus : Net income........................................... 61,000
176,000
Less: Withdrawals by owner......................... 40,000
J. Hallam, Capital, December 31, 2005.......... $136,000
Edition164

LIGHTNING COURIER
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash...................................................................... $ 48,000
Accounts receivable........................................... 110,000
Interest receivable............................................... 6,000
Notes receivable (due in 90 days)........................ 200,000
Office supplies.................................................... 12,000
Trucks................................................................... $ 124,000
Accumulated depreciation—Trucks.................. (48,000) 76,000
Equipment............................................................ 260,000
Accumulated depreciation—Equipment........... (190,000) 70,000
Land...................................................................... 90,000
Total assets......................................................... $612,000
Liabilities
Accounts payable............................................... $124,000
Interest payable................................................... 22,000
Salaries payable.................................................. 30,000
Unearned delivery fees....................................... 110,000
Long-term notes payable................................... 190,000
Total liabilities..................................................... 476,000
Equity
J. Hallam, Capital................................................ 136,000
Total liabilities and equity.................................. $612,000
Part 2
Profit margin = $61,000 / $604,000 = 10.1%

Problem 3-6BA
(40 minutes)
Part 1
Method that records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in balance sheet accounts:
Apr. 1 Prepaid Consulting Fees..................................... 3,450
Cash............................................................... 3,450
Paid for future consulting services.
1 Prepaid Insurance................................................ 2,700
Cash............................................................... 2,700
30 Cash....................................................................... 7,500
Unearned Service Fees................................ 7,500
May 1 Prepaid Advertising............................................. 3,450
Cash............................................................... 3,450
23 Cash ..................................................................... 9,450
Unearned Service Fees............................... 9,450
31 Consulting Fees Expense.................................... 1,500
Prepaid Consulting Fees.............................. 1,500
To adjust prepaid consulting fees.
31 Insurance Expense............................................... 450
Prepaid Insurance......................................... 450
To adjust prepaid insurance.
31 Unearned Service Fees ....................................... 3,900
Service Fees Earned..................................... 3,900
31 Advertising Expense............................................ 2,400
Prepaid Advertising...................................... 2,400
To adjust prepaid advertising.
31 Unearned Service Fees........................................ 4,500
Service Fees Earned..................................... 4,500
Edition166

Problem 3-6BA
(Continued)
Part 2
Method that records prepaid expenses and unearned revenues in income statement accounts:
Apr. 1 Consulting Fees Expense ................................. 3,450
Cash.............................................................. 3,450
Paid for future consulting services.
1 Insurance Expense............................................. 2,700
Cash.............................................................. 2,700
30 Cash..................................................................... 7,500
Service Fees Earned................................... 7,500
May 1 Advertising Expense........................................... 3,450
Cash.............................................................. 3,450
23 Cash..................................................................... 9,450
Service Fees Earned................................... 9,450
31 Prepaid Consulting Fees.................................... 1,950
Consulting Fees Expense........................... 1,950
To adjust for prepaid consulting fees.
31 Prepaid Insurance .............................................. 2,250
Insurance Expense...................................... 2,250
To adjust for prepaid insurance.
31 Service Fees Earned........................................... 3,600
Unearned Service Fees .............................. 3,600
31 Prepaid Advertising............................................ 1,050
Advertising Expense................................... 1,050
To adjust for prepaid advertising.
31 Service Fees Earned........................................... 4,950
Unearned Service Fees .............................. 4,950

Problem 3-6BA
(Concluded)
Part 3
There are no differences between the two methods in terms of the amounts
that appear on the financial statements. In both cases, the financial
statements reflect the following:
Prepaid consulting fees as of May 31....................................$ 1,950
Consulting fees expense for two months.............................. 1,500
Insurance expense for two months........................................ 450
Prepaid insurance as of May 31.............................................. 2,250
Unearned service fees as of May 31 ($3,600 + $4,950)......... 8,550
Service fees earned for two months ($3,900 + $4,500)......... 8,400
Prepaid advertising as of May 31............................................ 1,050
Advertising expense for two months..................................... 2,400
When prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in balance
sheet accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to generate the
correct asset, expense, liability, and revenue account balances. When
prepaid expenses and unearned revenues are recorded in income
statement accounts, the related adjusting entries are designed to
accomplish exactly the same result.
Edition168

Serial Problem
Serial Problem, Success Systems (120 minutes) Part 1
Journal entries:
Dec. 2 Advertising Expense..................................655 1,025
Cash.....................................................101 1,025
Paid share of mall advertising costs.
3 Repairs Expense—Computer....................684 500
Cash.....................................................101 500
Repaired the computer.
4 Cash.............................................................101 3,950
Accounts Receivable..........................106 3,950
Collected accounts receivable.
10 Wages Expense..........................................623 750
Cash.....................................................101 750
Paid employee for part-time work.
14 Cash.............................................................101 1,500
Unearned Computer Services Revenue...236 1,500
Received advance on work to be performed.
15 Computer Supplies....................................126 1,100
Accounts Payable...............................201 1,100
Purchased supplies on credit.
16 No entry recorded in the journal.
20 Cash.............................................................101 5,625
Computer Services Revenue.............403 5,625
Collected cash revenue from customer.
28 Cash.............................................................101 3,000
Accounts Receivable..........................106 3,000
Collected accounts receivable.
29 Mileage Expense........................................676 192
Cash.....................................................101 192
Reimbursed Breeze for mileage.
31 K. Breeze, Withdrawals..............................302 1,500
Cash.....................................................101 1,500
Owner withdraws cash.

Serial Problem (Continued)
Part 2
Adjusting entries:
Dec. 31 Computer Supplies Expense .........................652 3,065
Computer Supplies .................................126 3,065
Adjustment for supplies used (supplies
balance less cost of supplies available).
31 Insurance Expense .........................................637 555
Prepaid Insurance ...................................128 555
Adjustment for expired insurance (1/4
of original prepaid amount).
31 Wages Expense ..............................................623 500
Wages Payable ........................................210 500
Adjustment for accrued wages.
31 Depreciation Exp—Computer Equip.............613 1,250
Computer Equipment...........................168 1,250
Adjustment for computer equipment depreciation:
Cost......................................................... $20,000
Predicted life........................................... 4 years
Annual depreciation (cost/life).............. $5,000
Expense for three months..................... $1,250
31 Depreciation Expense—Office Equip............612 400
Office Equipment ..................................164 400
Adjustment for office equipment depreciation:
Cost.......................................................... $8,000
Predicted life............................................ 5 years
Annual depreciation (cost/life)............... $1,600
Expense for three months....................... $400
31 Rent Expense ..................................................640 2,475
Prepaid Rent ............................................131 2,475
Adjustment for expired rent (3/4 of
original prepaid amount).
Edition170

Parts 1 and 2
Posting to the accounts:
Cash Acct. No. 101
Date Explanation PR Debit Credit Balance
Oct. 1 55,000 55,000
2 3,300 51,700
5 2,220 49,480
8 1,420 48,060
15 4,800 52,860
17 805 52,055
20 1,940 50,115
22 1,400 51,515
31 875 50,640
31 3,600 47,040
Nov. 1 320 46,720
2 4,633 51,353
5 1,125 50,228
18 2,208 52,436
22 250 52,186
28 384 51,802
30 1,750 50,052
30 2,000 48,052
Dec. 2 1,025 47,027
3 500 46,527
4 3,950 50,477
10 750 49,727
14 1,500 51,227
20 5,625 56,852
28 3,000 59,852
29 192 59,660
31 1,500 58,160

Parts 1 and 2
Accounts Receivable Acct. No. 106
Oct. 6 4,800 4,800
12 1,400 6,200
15 4,800 1,400
22 1,400 0
28 5,208 5,208
Nov. 8 5,668 10,876
18 2,208 8,668
24 3,950 12,618
Dec. 4 3,950 8,668
28 3,000 5,668
Computer Supplies Acct. No. 126
Oct. 3 1,420 1,420
Nov. 5 1,125 2,545
Dec. 15 1,100 3,645
31 3,065 580
Prepaid Insurance Acct. No. 128
Oct. 5 2,220 2,220
Dec. 31 555 1,665
Prepaid Rent Acct. No. 131
Oct. 2 3,300 3,300
Dec. 31 2,475 825
Office Equipment Acct. No. 163
Oct. 1 8,000 8,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Office Equipment Acct. No. 164
Dec. 31 400 400
Edition172

Parts 1 and 2
Computer Equipment Acct. No. 167
Oct. 1 20,000 20,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Computer Equipment Acct. No. 168
Dec. 31 1,250 1,250
Accounts Payable Acct. No. 201
Oct. 3 1,420 1,420
8 1,420 0
Dec. 15 1,100 1,100
Wages Payable Acct. No. 210
Dec. 31 500 500
Unearned Computer Services Revenue Acct. No. 236
Dec. 14 1,500 1,500
K. Breeze, Capital Acct. No. 301
Oct. 1 83,000 83,000
K. Breeze, Withdrawals Acct. No. 302
Oct. 31 3,600 3,600
Nov. 30 2,000 5,600
Dec. 31 1,500 7,100

Parts 1 and 2
Computer Services Revenue Acct. No. 403
Oct. 6 4,800 4,800
12 1,400 6,200
28 5,208 11,408
Nov. 2 4,633 16,041
8 5,668 21,709
24 3,950 25,659
Dec. 20 5,625 31,284
Depreciation Expense—Office Equipment Acct. No. 612
Dec. 31 400 400
Depreciation Expense—Computer Equipment Acct. No. 613
Dec. 31 1,250 1,250
Wages Expense Acct. No. 623
Oct. 31 875 875
Nov. 30 1,750 2,625
Dec. 10 750 3,375
31 500 3,875
Insurance Expense Acct. No. 637
Dec. 31 555 555
Rent Expense Acct. No. 640
Dec. 31 2,475 2,475
Edition174

Parts 1 and 2
Computer Supplies Expense Acct. No. 652
Dec. 31 3,065 3,065
Advertising Expense Acct. No. 655
Oct. 20 1,940 1,940
Dec. 2 1,025 2,965
Mileage Expense Acct. No. 676
Nov. 1 320 320
28 384 704
Dec. 29 192 896
Miscellaneous Expenses Acct. No. 677
Nov. 22 250 250
Repairs Expense—Computer Acct. No. 684
Oct. 17 805 805
Dec. 3 500 1,305

Part 3
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
December 31, 2004
Debit Credit
Cash ............................................................................ $ 58,160
Accounts receivable .................................................. 5,668
Computer supplies .................................................... 580
Prepaid insurance ..................................................... 1,665
Prepaid rent ................................................................ 825
Office equipment ....................................................... 8,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment....... $ 400
Computer equipment ................................................ 20,000
Accumulated depreciation—Computer equipment. 1,250
Accounts payable ...................................................... 1,100
Wages payable ........................................................... 500
Unearned computer services revenue .................... 1,500
K. Breeze, Capital....................................................... 83,000
K. Breeze, Withdrawals.............................................. 7,100
Computer services revenue ..................................... 31,284
Depreciation expense—Office equipment .............. 400
Depreciation expense—Computer equipment........ 1,250
Wages expense .......................................................... 3,875
Insurance expense .................................................... 555
Rent expense ............................................................. 2,475
Computer supplies expense .................................... 3,065
Advertising expense.................................................. 2,965
Mileage expense ........................................................ 896
Miscellaneous expenses .......................................... 250
Repairs expense—Computer ................................... 1,305 _______
Totals........................................................................... $119,034 $119,034
Edition176

Part 4
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
Income Statement
For Three Months Ended December 31, 2004
Revenue
Computer services revenue....................................... $31,284
Expenses
Depreciation expense—Office equipment................ $ 400
Depreciation expense—Computer equipment......... 1,250
Wages expense........................................................... 3,875
Insurance expense...................................................... 555
Rent expense............................................................... 2,475
Computer supplies expense...................................... 3,065
Advertising expense................................................... 2,965
Mileage expense......................................................... 896
Miscellaneous expenses............................................ 250
Repairs expense—Computer..................................... 1,305
Total expenses............................................................ 17,036
Net income..................................................................... $14,248
Part 5
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
For Three Months Ended December 31, 2004
K. Breeze, Capital, October 1, 2004................. $ 0
Plus: Owner investment.......... 83,000
Net income.............................................. 14,248
97,248
Less: Owner withdrawals.................................. 7,100
K. Breeze, Capital, December 31, 2004............ $90,148

Part 6
SUCCESS SYSTEMS
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2004
Assets
Cash ................................................................................ $58,160
Accounts receivable ..................................................... 5,668
Computer supplies ........................................................ 580
Prepaid insurance ......................................................... 1,665
Prepaid rent ................................................................... 825
Office equipment ........................................................... $ 8,000
Accumulated depreciation—Office equipment........... (400) 7,600
Computer equipment..................................................... 20,000
Accumulated depreciation—Computer equipment.... (1,250) 18,750
Total assets..................................................................... $93,248
Liabilities
Accounts payable........................................................... $ 1,100
Wages payable............................................................... 500
Unearned computer services revenue......................... 1,500
Total liabilities................................................................ 3,100
Equity
K. Breeze, Capital........................................................... 90,148
Total liabilities and equity............................................. $93,248
Edition178

Reporting in Action — BTN 3-1
1. The revenue recognition principle requires that revenue be recorded
when earned, not before and not after. Most companies earn revenue
when they provide services and products to customers.
2. Krispy Kreme provides information related to revenue recognition in
footnote 2 discussing the “Nature of Business and Significant
Accounting Policies.” A policy on revenue recognition is stated for
each segment of the company.
• Company Store operations revenue is derived from the sale of
doughnuts and related items to on-premises and off-premises
customers. Revenue is recognized at the time of sale for on-premises
sales and at the time of delivery for off premises sales.
• Franchise Operations revenue is derived from: (1) development and
franchise fees from the opening of new stores; and (2) royalties
charged to franchisees based on sales. Development and franchise
fees are charged for certain new stores and are deferred until the
store is opened. The royalties recognized in each period are based on
the sales in that period.
• KKM&D revenue is derived from the sale of doughnut-making
equipment, mix and other supplies needed to operate a doughnut
store to Company-owned and franchised stores. Revenue is
recognized at the time the title and risk of loss pass to the customer,
generally upon delivery of the goods.
3. For fiscal year-end February 2, 2003, the profit margin is:
$33,478,000 / $491,549,000 = 0.068 = 6.8%
For fiscal year-end February 3, 2002, the profit margin is:
$26,378,000 / $394,354,000 = 0.067 = 6.7%
4. Solution depends on the financial statements accessed.

Comparative Analysis — BTN 3-2
1. Krispy Kreme
Current year, profit margin = $33,478 / $491,549 = 6.8%
Prior year, profit margin = $26,378 / $394,354 = 6.7%
Tastykake
Current year, profit margin = $2,000 / $162,263 = 1.2%
Prior year, profit margin = $8,048 / $166,245 = 4.8%
2. Krispy Kreme is more successful on the basis of profit margin. In the
most current year, Krispy Kreme earned an average of 6.8 cents on the
dollar while Tastykake earned 1.2 cents on the dollar. For the prior
years, Krispy Kreme earned 6.7 cents on the dollar compared to 4.8
cents for Tastykake.
Ethics Challenge — BTN 3-3
1. GAAP requires that annual deprecation be accumulated in a contra-
asset account, called Accumulated Depreciation. While property, plant,
and equipment is often shown at its net value on the balance sheet (as
in Krispy Kreme’s balance sheet in Appendix A) the cost of property,
plant, and equipment along with its related accumulated depreciation
are reported in the footnotes. Thus, Bergez is correct with her journal
entry recommendation.
2. One strength of Welch’s method would be the ease of preparing the
balance sheet. The property, plant, and equipment balance in the
adjusted trial balance would be directly transferable to the balance sheet
when the preparer desired to show the amount at net. Welch’s approach
carries weaknesses in that financial statement users would not be able
to ascertain the original cost of the equipment or be able to know how
much of the original cost had been allocated to depreciation to date.
3. While both approaches would lead to the same total assets on the
balance sheet, GAAP requires Bergez’s approach. As a professional,
Bergez is required to uphold the standards of her profession and thus
the decision is an ethical one for her.
Edition180

Communicating in Practice — BTN 3-4
This communication activity has no set solution. A class discussion of the
ratios can be conducted with emphasis on (1) return and profitability by
industries and (2) a contrast of debt financing between industries.
Taking It to the Net — BTN 3-5
1. Cannondale’s primarily sells mountain bikes.
2. Review 10-K.
3. Recent fiscal years have ended on June 29, 2002, June 30, 2001 and July
1, 2000. While Cannondale labels these endings as “12 months ended”
they appear to be reporting as of the end of the 52nd week.
4. Net sales for the fiscal year ended June 29, 2002, is $156,655,000.
5. Net loss for the fiscal year ended June 29, 2002, is $15,440,000.
6. Profit margin is: $(15,440) / $156,655 = -0.099 = -9.8% (or non-interpretable)
7. Cannondale’s fiscal year-end appears to (but does not necessarily)
correspond to its natural business year. The difficulty in reaching a
definitive answer to this question is the lack of information in
Cannondale’s statements. The quarterly sales data does reveal that the
3 months ending in June has reported the highest sales of the four
quarters for the last two years reported. Management does discuss
“seasonality” as a factor affecting business. The bottom line is
Cannondale’s fiscal year-end appears to correspond to its natural
business year, but we cannot be certain.

Teamwork in Action — BTN 3-6
Note that there is no specific solution to this activity. Nevertheless, the
presentation of each expert team should reflect the following summary points:
Before Adjusting
Balance Sheet Income Statement
Type Account Account Adjusting Entry
Prepaid expense Asset overstated Expense understated Dr. Expense
Cr. Asset*
Unearned revenues Liability overstated Revenue understated Dr. Liability
Cr. Revenue
Accrued Expenses Liability understated Expense understated Dr. Expense
Cr. Liability
Accrued Revenues Asset understated Revenue understated Dr. Asset
Cr. Revenue
* For depreciation, one would Credit the Accumulated Depreciation contra account.
Some implementation notes: This activity allows all students to be actively
involved in the learning process. Encourage students to take the opportunity to
ask questions in the small group environment the learning team provides.
Encourage the better students to serve as experts on unearned revenues. The
instructor’s observation of and reactions to expert teams’ development of
presentation material as well as the delivery to learning teams will have a
significant impact on the effectiveness of this activity.
Edition182

Business Week Activity — BTN 3-7
1. Herz personally favors a move toward what is known as “principles-
based accounting.” This type of accounting would require a vast
simplification of accounting standards where professionals would be
asked to comply with broad goals and objectives. Such accounting
would be a move away from a lengthy list of rules and exceptions.
2. Herz believes that breaking the rules is at the core of most of the
scandals. When a person or company just outright violates standards
and commits fraud, it is hard to say the standard is wrong. It’s like when
someone robs a bank: You can’t really say that the law against bank
robbing was part of the problem.
3. A principles-based system is one where the accounting standard simply
lays out objectives of good reporting in an area. It may include some
rules, based on the objectives, but it does not try to answer every
question or provide a rule for every situation. So a typical standard
would be more like 10-to-12 pages in length rather than 200 pages.
4. Principles-based accounting requires the exercise of good judgment by
both companies and auditors. Those who don’t like the principles-
based approach say, “I don’t trust people to do that.” They think people
need rules to follow or they will try to find a way to make an objective fit
almost any situation.

Entrepreneurial Decision — BTN 3-8
1. Many businesses find it cheaper to use outside collection agencies rather
than hire in-house staff to handle past-due account collections.
Additionally, owners of collection agencies are usually experts in the art of
collection and may be able to collect on accounts that the businesses
themselves never would be able to. Although a 50% commission seems
steep, it must be weighed against the possibility that zero collections may
be realized if the account is not turned over.
2. Mellie’s net income = Income x Profit margin = $40,000,000 x 0.08 =
$3,200,000.
3. Current commission expense = $40,000,000 x 0.02 = $800,000.
4. If the commission fee charged can be negotiated down from 50% to 40%,
this will be a 20% reduction in commission expense. This is computed as:
(50% - 40%) / 50% = 20%. Specifically, the commission expense would
change from $800,000 to 80% of $800,000 or $640,000 (also computed as
$40,000,000 x 0.02 x (40%/50%)).
The $160,000 reduction from $800,000 to $640,000 represents a 20% decline
from $800,000.
5. Net income would be $160,000 higher since commission expense would be
reduced by $160,000. Net income would change to $3,360,000 [$3,200,000 +
$160,000].
Profit margin would then equal: $3,360,000/$40,000,000 = 8.4%.
Hitting the Road — BTN 3-9
There is no formal solution to this field activity. The instructor may wish to
tally students’ findings to see what companies were selected, who
responded, what was the response time, etc. The instructor can also
periodically ask students to bring in examples from their selected
companies at certain times, and then compare and contrast them with the
examples in the book.
Edition184

Global Decision — BTN 3-10
1. Grupo Bimbo states under its “Significant Accounting Policies” in its
annual report that revenue is recognized when the product is shipped.
2. The five types of assets that are depreciated by Grupo Bimbo are:
a. Buildings
b. Manufacturing equipment
c. Vehicles
d. Office equipment
e. Computer equipment
Land, construction-in-progress, and machinery-in-transit are not
depreciated.
3. Grupo Bimbo profit margin (in thousands of pesos):
2002 profit margin = 1,002,664 / 41,373,269 = 2.4%
2001 profit margin = 1,682,025 / 34,968,097 = 4.8%

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