1. Scientific investigations on
PLANTS
in the regulation of
Hypothyroidism
Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India

2. Thyroid gland
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3. Thyroid gland
 Thyroid is a Greek adjective which means :
“Shield-shaped”
 In 1600 B.C. medical history, Chinese were
using burnt sponge and sea-weed for the
treatment of goitres
 “Celsus” first described a bronchoceole in
15 A.D.
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4. Thyroid gland
 In modern times, thyroid was first
identified by the anatomist Thomas
Wharton in 1665. He named the gland as
thyroid
 Butterfly shaped, small organ is situated
on the trachea below the larynx
 Composed of 2 cone-like lobes / wings
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5. Thyroid gland
 These two lobes are:
 Lobus dexter (Right)
 Lobus sinister (Left)
 Extends to 5 – 6 tracheal ring covered by
fibrous sheath
 Most important organ for maintenance of
good health
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6. Thyroid gland
 It secretes two hormones:
 Thyroxine (T4)
 Triiodothyronine (T3)
 It regulates all body functions including
carbohydrates, protein and fat
metabolism growth and reproduction,
neural and cardiac functions
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7. T3 hormone
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8. T4 hormone
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9. Thyroid gland
 Hormonal output from thyroids regulated
by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
produced by anterior pituitary, which itself
is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH) produced by the
hypothalamus
 One of the largest endocrine glands
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10. Thyroid stimulating hormone
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11. Thyrotropin releasing hormone
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12. Thyroid gland
 In 1909, Theodor Kocher from
Switzerland won the Nobel Prize in
medicine for his work on the Physiology,
Pathology and Surgery of the thyroid
gland
 To regulate the growth and rate of function
of many other systems in the body
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13. Theodor Kocher
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14. Thyroid problems
 Often over-looked
 Lack of awareness and ignorance have
also led to an increase in the number of
thyroid related disorders
 In this disease lower secretion of thyroid
hormones
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15. Thyroid problems
 Diseases: Cretinism, Myxoedema, Goitre
 Hyperthyroidism (Overactive thyroid): is
due to the overproduction of the thyroid
hormones T3 & T4
 Hypothyroidism: is due to under
production of thyroid hormones T3 & T4
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16. Cretinism
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17. Myxoedema
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18. Goitre
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19. Causes
• Hashimoto’s diseases
• Inflammation of the thyroid
• Congenital hypothyroidism
• Surgical removal of part or of the thyroid
• Radiation treatment of the treatment
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20. Causes
Hypothyroidism related problems:
 Cardiac
 Hepatic
 Endocrine
 Reproductive anomalies
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21. Symptoms
 Fatigue
 Weight gain
 Puffy face
 Cold intolerance
 Dry skin
 Decreased sweating
 Joint and muscle pain
 Constipation
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22. Factors influencing & increasing the
chances of developing thyroid disease
 Goitre problem
 Surgery of thyroid
 Radiation
 Family history
 Heart palpitations
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Genetic disorder
 Age > 60 years
 Anaemia
 Diabetes
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23.  Loss of appetite
 Anxiety
 Irritability
 Muscle weakness
 Chest pain
 Hair loss
 Insomnia
 Eye complaint
Factors influencing & increasing the
chances of developing thyroid disease
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24. Hyperthyroid medications
1. Amiodarone, a heart medication
2. Interferon alpha, a cancer medication
3. Lithium, a bipolar disorder medication
4. Interleukin-2, a kidney cancer medication
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25. Thyroid hormone medications
Drugs:
 Levothroid
 Levoxyl
 Synthroid
 Cytomel
 Euthroid
 Thyrolar
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26. Side-effects of thyroid hormone
medications
1. Nervousness
2. Heart palpitations
3. Tremors
4. Too much weight loss
5. Bone thinning
6. Frequent bowel movement
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27. The system of thyroid hormones
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28. Thyroid-related symptoms
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29. PPRC/INDIA 28

30. Thank You!!
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