The document provides an overview of statistical hypotheses, defining them as methods for making probabilistic statements about population parameters. It distinguishes between null and alternative hypotheses, explaining their characteristics and the context in which they are used in research. Examples are offered to illustrate the formulation and types of hypotheses, particularly in the context of studying mental strength among Indian teenagers.

1. Hypothesis
A CLEAR CONCEPT ON
HYPOTHESIS
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2. Definition
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference
used to decide whether the data at hand sufficiently support a
particular hypothesis.
Hypothesis testing allows us to make probabilistic statements
about population parameters.
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Statistical Hypothesis

3. Example
If you loose your mobile first what you do that is you just make some idea that
where it can be and search those places like:
i) pocket of your last worn trouser or
ii) it can be on the desk or
iii) in the car that you drove last or
iv) it can be in the charge.
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Statistical Hypothesis

4. Hypothesis = Hypo + Thesis
Hypo = Less than
&
Thesis = A declaration or theory that is put forward as a idea to be retained or proved.
As hypothesis is not proved that is why it is mentioned as less than thesis, when it will be proved it will be
mentioned as thesis.
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Statistical Hypothesis

5. Characteristics
(i) Hypothesis Should be simple & clear.
(ii) It should be testable within a specific time.
(iii) It is a tentative Statement.
(iv) It is a part of research; but some research starts with a question, instead of
hypothesis.
(v) It should be able to relate the variables using in the research.
(vi) It must be specific.
Here are few key characteristics of Hypothesis
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Statistical Hypothesis

6. Types of
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
Null
Hypothesis
Alternative
Hypothesis
Simple
Hypothesis
Complex
Hypothesis
Statistical
Hypothesis
Empirical
Hypothesis
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Statistical Hypothesis

7. Null Hypothesis
A null hypothesis intends no relationship between two variables. Symbolized by H0, it is a negative
statement.
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Statistical Hypothesis

8. Alternative Hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis considered to be the conflicting a null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis is
symbolized as H1 or Ha. It clearly states that the dependent variable affects the independent variable.
Alternative
Hypothesis
Directional
Hypothesis
Non-Directional
Hypothesis
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Statistical Hypothesis

9. Statistical Hypothesis
Example
Let’s assume we are doing an research on mental strength of Indian people.
Topic: A study on the difference of Mental Strength of Indian people with respect to their sex
Objective:
i) To study the Mental Strength of female teenagers in India.
ii) To study the difference Mental Strength of Male and Female in India.
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10. Example
Objective Null Hypothesis
(H0)
Non-Directional Hypothesis Directional
Hypothesis
To study the
Mental Strength
of female
teenagers in
India.
To study the
difference
Mental Strength
of Male and
Female in India
There is no
significant
difference of Mental
Strength among
female teenagers of
India.
There is no significant
difference of Mental
Strength among Male &
Female teenager in CB.
district.
There is significant difference
of Mental Strength among
female teenagers of India.
There is significant
difference of Mental
Strength among male and
female of India.
Mental Strength of state
board female teenagers
is higher then any other
board female teenagers
in India.
Mental Strength of
Female are higher than the
male in India.
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Alternative Hypothesis (H1
or Ha)
Statistical Hypothesis

11. School of Data Science
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