The document discusses hypotheses and how to properly structure them. It explains that a hypothesis is more than just a prediction - it presents a cause and effect relationship in an "if/then" structure. A good hypothesis has the following characteristics: 1) it is about the problem being studied, 2) presents a cause and effect relationship with an independent variable that can be changed and a dependent variable that can be observed or measured, and 3) is testable through an experiment. The document provides examples of correct and incorrect hypotheses and has students practice writing their own hypotheses.
Are you wondering how the digital health scene is responding to the Corona crisis and how innovations can have an impact beyond COVID-19?
What kind of digital health innovations are coming up at the moment and could they be a real game changer? And what about the time after COVID-19? Can we hope for a more connected healthcare in the future?
Our expert Elisa Frenz, Chief Digital Officer at Health Proc Europe, is going to provide you with the answers in an interactive dialogue. In order to connect the dots and accelerate impact, your ideas and opinions on the topic are wanted!
Author : Adewumi Oluwadiya PhD. Title : Definitions of Writing And Their Ins...Adewumi Oluwadiya
Writing skill in this digital age ,is a survival tool. Those who write well dominate their environments , from class rooms in school to the Corporate board rooms. All children in schools and students at the tertiary levels , deserve to be taught well and given an opportunity to write well and succeed in school and in the work place after school is over. The ultimate resource for teaching well in schools, is a well trained teacher , who gets constant in-service training to keep abreast of knowledge and skills in his/her profession . This article is for teachers of ESL Writing at all levels . A teacher trainer can also use it in, in initial teacher preparation programmes , or at in-service teacher training fora.
Adewumi Oluwadiya PhD. , fwc
Independent Consultant, ESL Writing Pedagogy & Research
Bowie ,Maryland 20721, USA.
Are you wondering how the digital health scene is responding to the Corona crisis and how innovations can have an impact beyond COVID-19?
What kind of digital health innovations are coming up at the moment and could they be a real game changer? And what about the time after COVID-19? Can we hope for a more connected healthcare in the future?
Our expert Elisa Frenz, Chief Digital Officer at Health Proc Europe, is going to provide you with the answers in an interactive dialogue. In order to connect the dots and accelerate impact, your ideas and opinions on the topic are wanted!
Author : Adewumi Oluwadiya PhD. Title : Definitions of Writing And Their Ins...Adewumi Oluwadiya
Writing skill in this digital age ,is a survival tool. Those who write well dominate their environments , from class rooms in school to the Corporate board rooms. All children in schools and students at the tertiary levels , deserve to be taught well and given an opportunity to write well and succeed in school and in the work place after school is over. The ultimate resource for teaching well in schools, is a well trained teacher , who gets constant in-service training to keep abreast of knowledge and skills in his/her profession . This article is for teachers of ESL Writing at all levels . A teacher trainer can also use it in, in initial teacher preparation programmes , or at in-service teacher training fora.
Adewumi Oluwadiya PhD. , fwc
Independent Consultant, ESL Writing Pedagogy & Research
Bowie ,Maryland 20721, USA.
CIRCLE OR HIGHLIGHT the correct answer for the following questions.docxchristinemaritza
CIRCLE OR HIGHLIGHT the correct answer for the following questions; then after each, you will be asked to provide a rationale for your answer, an explanation, or example. DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANK LINE ON THE TEST UNANSWERED.
In questions 1 through 5, MATCH each of the following research methods (a-e) with the statement which best describes it. Write the concept in the space next to the statement:
a. naturalistic observation d. case study
b. laboratory observation e. survey
c. correlational study
1. This method allows researchers to gather self-report data from a representative sample of the population. ______________________________
Please provide your own example of this method in a scientific, psychological study. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method in a study of your choosing:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. This method involves determining the strength of relationship between two variables, though cause and effect cannot be determined. _________________________________
Please provide an example of this method in your own scientific, psychological study. In one paragraph, explain what variables you might utilize to determine strength of relationships:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. This method allows researchers to observe behaviors while maintaining control of the environment. ________________________________
Please provide an example of this method in the scientific, psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. This method involves collecting extensive data on one person of interest. __________________
Please provide an example of this method in the scientific, psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method and what one person you might collect data on:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. This method allow ...
CIRCLE OR HIGHLIGHT the correct answer for the following questions.docxchristinemaritza
CIRCLE OR HIGHLIGHT the correct answer for the following questions; then after each, you will be asked to provide a rationale for your answer, an explanation, or example. DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANK LINE ON THE TEST UNANSWERED.
In questions 1 through 5, MATCH each of the following research methods (a-e) with the statement which best describes it. Write the concept in the space next to the statement:
a. naturalistic observation d. case study
b. laboratory observation e. survey
c. correlational study
1. This method allows researchers to gather self-report data from a representative sample of the population. ______________________________
Please provide your own example of this method in a scientific, psychological study. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method in a study of your choosing:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. This method involves determining the strength of relationship between two variables, though cause and effect cannot be determined. _________________________________
Please provide an example of this method in your own scientific, psychological study. In one paragraph, explain what variables you might utilize to determine strength of relationships:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. This method allows researchers to observe behaviors while maintaining control of the environment. ________________________________
Please provide an example of this method in the scientific, psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. This method involves collecting extensive data on one person of interest. __________________
Please provide an example of this method in the scientific, psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method and what one person you might collect data on:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. This method allow ...
1. Mrs. Henley’s Name: ____________________________
“Mad about Hypotheses”
As you’ve learned in previous grades the HYPOTHESIS is an educated guess; and that is right; however, it is a little more
than that! It is also important to recognize that it is presented in an “if/then” sentence. This If/then structure show a cause and
effect relationship and helps it to be more than a simple prediction. Ex. I think its going to be hot today!
This is an educated guess, but it is not a hypothesis. It is a prediction.
Important things to recognize about the Hypothesis:
1. A hypothesis has to be about the problem!
2. A hypothesis is a cause/effect “educated guess” about the outcome of the experiment.
3. A hypothesis has to be testable. Can you create an experiment to test your hypothesis? If not, it is just your
opinion or a prediction.
4. A good hypothesis contains two variables. One is "independent" and the other is "dependent."
a. The independent variable is the one you, the "scientist" controls.
b. The dependent variable is the one that you observe and/or measure the results.
c. In future examples of hypothesis statements, the dependent variable will be italized and the independent
variable will be underlined.
5. A good hypothesis forces us to think about what results we should look for in an experiment.
a. To help with this: What do you plan on testing? What changes will you make to test it? What do you
expect to happen differently after?
6. It does NOT have to be correct! If you learned something, your experiment was a success!
CORRECT FORM: Think about this classroom.
If I change _________________, then ________________ will happen.
(cause) (effect/measured)
INCORRECT FORM:
• Trees will change color when it gets colder.
• This is more a prediction of what will happen in the future than a statement showing a cause and effect
relationship. It might be rewritten as:
• If the color of leaves is related to temperature, then leaves of plants in colder temperatures will change colors.
Notice that although it was incorrect the first time; it can be rewritten in the correct form.
• What is the one thing in this experiment you can control or change to find out your results?
__________________________. This is your INDEPENDENT VARIABLE—the one thing in an
experiment that the scientist changes.
• After you change your INDEPENDENT VARIABLE listed above, what do you expect to be different? What
will you measure or observe? ___________________________. This is your DEPENDENT VARIABLE.
INCORRECT FORM:
• Ultraviolet light causes skin cancer.
o What are you wanting to control _________________________________ (Independent Variable)
o What are you wanting to measure/ observe _________________________ (Dependent Variable)
o Can you re-write this into a correct Hypothesis?
If __________________________ is a major source of skin cancer, then ____________________________________.
(cause) (effect/ observe/ measure)
Example of Problem: Can we predict Mrs. Henley’s behaviors?
• If my class comes in Mrs. Henley’s room yelling, then Mrs. Henley will ________________________.
1. Is your hypothesis above about the Problem? Y N
2. Does your If/then statement above show a cause and effect? Something you change and something you can
observe or measure? Y N
3. Can you test this hypothesis above? How? ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. 4. No! You may not conduct this experiment!!!!
Problem: Does how long you chew Bubble Gum affect how far it stretches?
• If I chew bubble gum for a long time, then ________________________________.
1. Is your hypothesis above about the Problem? Y N
2. Does your If/then statement above show a cause and effect? Something you change and something you can
observe or measure? Y N
3. Can you test this hypothesis? How? ___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. No! You may not conduct this experiment!!!! Chewing gum while on campus is against the rules!!!
Complete the Hypotheses:
a. Remember on the independent variable, it is something that can be changed by the scientist.
b. Remember on the dependent variable, it is the observation or measurement you are looking to record.
1. If helium causes ballons to rise, then when I swallow helium I will ___________________________.
a. Independent variable _________________________________________
b. Dependent variable ___________________________________________
c. How would you test this?______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. If eyesight alters how we taste, then blindfolded people’s taste will _________________________________.
a. Independent variable _________________________________________
b. Dependent variable ___________________________________________
c. How would you test this?______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. If soft gum stretches farther than hard gum, then the softer the gum _________________________________.
a. Independent variable _________________________________________
b. Dependent variable ___________________________________________
c. How would you test this?______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. If breakfast helps the brain to think well, then on days I don’t eat breakfast I will ______________________.
a. Independent variable _________________________________________
b. Dependent variable ___________________________________________
c. How would you test this?______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
TRY YOUR OWN!!!!
Problem: I wonder if students perform better with lights on or off in the classroom.
5. HYPOTHESIS: ______________________________________________________________________
6. Independent Variable ___________________________________________
7. Dependent Variable ___________________________________________
8. How would you test this? ?______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
TRY YOUR OWN!!!!
Problem: I wonder if students stay out of trouble more before lunch or after lunch.
9. HYPOTHESIS: ______________________________________________________________________
10. Independent Variable ___________________________________________
11. Dependent Variable ___________________________________________
3. 12. How would you test this? ?______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Part II
You’ve mastered the Hypothesis!
Now for some fun!
Madlibs: Your partner asks for the words in (parenthesis) only. You are not allowed to read the sentences. Only after your
partner has filled in your choices, can you then read your hypothesis.
1. If I ___________, then _________________ will ___________________ on ____________________.
(verb) (name of friend) (verb) (plural verb)
Independent variable ____________________________________
Dependent variable _____________________________________
How could you test this? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. If _________________ yells in Mr/Mrs. ______________’s class, then the teacher will ________________.
(name of friend) (name of teacher) (action verb).
Independent variable ____________________________________
Dependent variable _____________________________________
How could you test this? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. lf I talk in ________________ person all day, then ______________class will ________________.
(Pick one:1st, 2nd, or 3rd) (name of class) (action verb)
Independent variable ____________________________________
Dependent variable _____________________________________
How could you test this? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. If I brush my teeth with ____________ _____________, then my teeth turn ___________________.
(adjective) (noun) (adjective)
Independent variable ____________________________________
Dependent variable _____________________________________
How could you test this? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. If a person showers in ________________, then they will have _____________ on their ____________.
(type of condiment/ food) (part of a fish) (pick one: head, nose, toes)
Independent variable ____________________________________
Dependent variable _____________________________________
How could you test this? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________