CIRCLE OR HIGHLIGHT the correct answer for the following questions; then after each, you will be asked to provide a rationale for your answer, an explanation, or example. DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANK LINE ON THE TEST UNANSWERED. In questions 1 through 5, MATCH each of the following research methods (a-e) with the statement which best describes it. Write the concept in the space next to the statement: a. naturalistic observation d. case study b. laboratory observation e. survey c. correlational study 1. This method allows researchers to gather self-report data from a representative sample of the population. ______________________________ Please provide your own example of this method in a scientific, psychological study. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method in a study of your choosing: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. This method involves determining the strength of relationship between two variables, though cause and effect cannot be determined. _________________________________ Please provide an example of this method in your own scientific, psychological study. In one paragraph, explain what variables you might utilize to determine strength of relationships: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. This method allows researchers to observe behaviors while maintaining control of the environment. ________________________________ Please provide an example of this method in the scientific, psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. This method involves collecting extensive data on one person of interest. __________________ Please provide an example of this method in the scientific, psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were to conduct your study using this method, how would you go about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method and what one person you might collect data on: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. This method allow ...

1. CIRCLE OR HIGHLIGHT the correct answer for the following
questions; then after each, you will be asked to provide a
rationale for your answer, an explanation, or example. DO NOT
LEAVE ANY BLANK LINE ON THE TEST UNANSWERED.
In questions 1 through 5, MATCH each of the following
research methods (a-e) with the statement which best describes
it. Write the concept in the space next to the statement:
a. naturalistic observation d. case study
b. laboratory observation e. survey
c. correlational study
1. This method allows researchers to gather self-report data
from a representative sample of the population.
______________________________
Please provide your own example of this method in a scientific,
psychological study. If you were to conduct your study using
this method, how would you go about doing so? In one
paragraph, tell me how you would utilize this method in a study
of your choosing:
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________
2. This method involves determining the strength of

2. relationship between two variables, though cause and effect
cannot be determined. _________________________________
Please provide an example of this method in your own
scientific, psychological study. In one paragraph, explain what
variables you might utilize to determine strength of
relationships:
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________
3. This method allows researchers to observe behaviors while
maintaining control of the environment.
________________________________
Please provide an example of this method in the scientific,
psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were
to conduct your study using this method, how would you go
about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize
this method:
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________

3. 4. This method involves collecting extensive data on one
person of interest. __________________
Please provide an example of this method in the scientific,
psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were
to conduct your study using this method, how would you go
about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize
this method and what one person you might collect data on:
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________
5. This method allows researchers to observe behaviors that
are more natural or spontaneous.
_____________________________
Please provide an example of this method in the scientific,
psychological study you came up with in question 1. If you were
to conduct your study using this method, how would you go
about doing so? In one paragraph, tell me how you would utilize
this method and what natural or spontaneous behaviors you
would watch for:
________________________________________________
________________________
________________________________________________
________________________

4. ________________________________________________
________________________
MATCH each of the following perspectives with the statement
below which best describes it. Write it in the space below the
statement. Then there is a paragraph to complete at the end of
#11. Please do not leave it blank.
a. Humanistic b. Psychoanalytic c. Cognitive d.
Behaviorism
6. This perspective focused on mental processes, such as
decision-making and memory.
_____________________________________
7. This perspective believes people are basically “good” and
driven to reach their full potential.
_____________________________________
8. Freud focused on the unconscious mind and on early
childhood experiences.
_____________________________________
9. Researchers like Watson and Skinner believed
psychologists should focus on observable, measureable
behaviors.
_____________________________________
In one robust paragraph, using all four of the perspectives
above, describe a situation for each one in which each of these
schools of thought might be necessary and appropriate over the
others.

5. _____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
10. The Central Nervous System (CNS) in humans is
comprised of two structures:
the brain and peripheral nervesthe sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systemsthe autonomic and peripheral
nervesspinal cord and peripheral nervesthe brain and spinal cord
Describe in your own words (from your own schemata), the
function of each of these structures:
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________

6. 11. _______________ are branch-shaped structures on a
neuron that receive incoming signals from other neurons.
Axons c. Glial cellsDendrites
d. Receptors
From where did these signals originate, and where are they
headed? What is their ultimate function?
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
MATCH each of the following NEUROTRANSMITTERS with
the statement which best describes it. Place the name of the
neurotransmitter in the blank next to the statement. Then there
is a paragraph after #18 to complete. PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE
IT BLANK:
Serotonin c. GABADopamine
d. Norepinephrine
e. Acetylcholine
12. it is involved in memory and movement; its deficiency is
linked to Alzheimer’s disease
_______________________________________
13. an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in sleep regulation
and mood; its deficiency has been linked to depression, suicide,
and impulsive violence

7. _______________________________________
14. it inhibits involuntary muscle movements and has been
linked to both Parkinson’s disease and
Schizophrenia
_______________________________________
15. it activates the sympathetic nervous system and influences
arousal; its involved in the brain’s reward centers and may be
depleted by repeated cocaine usage
_______________________________________
16. an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety and
seizure disorders
_______________________________________
In one robust paragraph, utilizing all five of these
neurotransmitters, describe what stimulus or stressor might
elicit the production of each of these neurotransmitters.
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________________________

8. 17. In the brain stem, what is the function of the RETICULAR
FORMATION?
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
If we were to place an electrode on the reticular formation
of a rat and provide him or her an electric shock to this area,
what might the rat experience?
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
18. Choose one of the INFANT REFLEXES outlined in Ch. 3.
In one paragraph, describe for me what is occurring in the
reflex you chose. Why is a newborn baby equipped with this
reflex? How long does it last? Draw me a mental picture of what
the baby exhibits:
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
REM sleep may be characterized by

9. a. decreased adrenaline. d. more
frequent and vivid dreams.
b. decreased brain activity. e. slow & regular
heart rate.
c. sleepwalking.
You chose one correct answer. In which stages do each of these
other four phenomenon occur?
i)
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
ii)
_____________________________________________________
______________________________
iii)
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
iv)__________________________________________________
_______________________________
20. Sleepwalking is most likely to occur during ________
sleep.
a. REM d. stage 3
b. stage 1 e. stage 4
c. stage 2
Sleep terrors are most likely to occur during

10. ________ sleep.
a. REM d. stage 3
b. stage 1 e. stage 4
c. stage 2
What is sleepwalking? What phenomenon is occurring?
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
What are night terrors? What phenomenon is occurring?
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
21. Individuals who experience periods of time during the
night when their breathing stops may be diagnosed with
a. narcolepsy. c. insomnia.
b. sleep apnea. d. somniloquy.
What is the treatment for this? Is it curable? Explain these
answers in your own words:
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________
22. According to Freud, dreams are

11. a. continuations of the mental processes occurring when
the person falls asleep.
b. an expression of our unconscious desires and needs.
c. not very meaningful.
d. combinations of random neural signals.
What do YOU think dreams are? Explain in your own words:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
23. The three functions of memory (not memory storage)
in sequence are:
a. short-term memory, long-term memory, and
retrieval.
b. encoding, storage, and retrieval.
c. encoding, retrieval, and forgetting.
d. sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-
term memory.
Explain each function in your own words:
A)__________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________
B)___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________
C)___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________
24. Lacey can remember how to ride a bike and how to
drive a car. These are examples of

12. a. procedural memory. c. episodic
memory.
b. implicit memory. d. semantic
memory.
Why can’t Lacey remember the information on her vocabulary
test last week? Tell me in your own words:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________
25. Ramone watched an episode of American Idol and saw 12
singers perform. Later his wife asked about the performers, and
he could only remember the last 3 singers who performed. This
is an example of
a. a flashbulb memory. c. the primacy
effect.
b. episodic memory. d. the recency
effect.
What if he had remembered one of the earlier singers because
she reminded him of an old girlfriend? What kind of memory
would that have been? Explain:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_________
29. Using the information from your SLEEP LOG, your
textbook, your PPT notes, and our discussion in class, describe
for me, in one very brief paragraph, what you learned about
YOURSELF with regard to the following concepts:
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, LARK OR OWL, SLEEP
DEPRIVATION, DREAMS, SLEEP STAGES, SLEEP CYCLES,

13. ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS, MEMORIES, AND
LEARNING.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________