This document discusses hyperhydrosis, or excessive sweating. It defines hyperhydrosis and classifies it as either primary or secondary. Primary hyperhydrosis is associated with overactive sweat glands and often starts in childhood, while secondary is caused by other disorders. Causes mentioned include infections, obesity, and neurological issues. Diagnosis involves examining the patient's history and conducting sweat tests. Treatment options reviewed include topical antiperspirants, oral medications, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin injections, and surgery. The conclusion states that while embarrassing, hyperhydrosis is treatable and need not interfere significantly with one's quality of life.
Heat related pathologies are a group of disorders, associated with impairments of thermoregulation, which occur while individuals are exposed to high temperatures. The spectrum of these clinical entities ranges from syndromes with mild/moderate clinical manifestations, like heat edema/cramps/rash to the life-threatening heat stroke.
Heat related pathologies are a group of disorders, associated with impairments of thermoregulation, which occur while individuals are exposed to high temperatures. The spectrum of these clinical entities ranges from syndromes with mild/moderate clinical manifestations, like heat edema/cramps/rash to the life-threatening heat stroke.
The biopsychosocial model reflects the development of illness through the complex interaction of biological factors (genetic, biochemical, etc.), psychological factors (mood, personality, behavior, etc.) ... A person may have a genetic predisposition for a disease, but social and cognitive factors must trigger the illness.
Shapiro’s Syndrome: A Case Report and Management Approachasclepiuspdfs
Shapiro’s syndrome, first described in 1969, consists of the classic triad of spontaneous periods of hypothermia, hyperhidrosis, and agenesis/dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. In this article, we report a complex case of a patient with classic Shapiro syndrome and numerous other neurologic comorbidities and propose a management approach for hypothermic episodes. We suggest an approach of “masterly inactivity” during hypothermic episodes, as excessive rewarming will be combatted by homeostatic balances to lower the patient’s core temperature, ultimately causing more harm.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
The biopsychosocial model reflects the development of illness through the complex interaction of biological factors (genetic, biochemical, etc.), psychological factors (mood, personality, behavior, etc.) ... A person may have a genetic predisposition for a disease, but social and cognitive factors must trigger the illness.
Shapiro’s Syndrome: A Case Report and Management Approachasclepiuspdfs
Shapiro’s syndrome, first described in 1969, consists of the classic triad of spontaneous periods of hypothermia, hyperhidrosis, and agenesis/dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. In this article, we report a complex case of a patient with classic Shapiro syndrome and numerous other neurologic comorbidities and propose a management approach for hypothermic episodes. We suggest an approach of “masterly inactivity” during hypothermic episodes, as excessive rewarming will be combatted by homeostatic balances to lower the patient’s core temperature, ultimately causing more harm.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF SWEATING
DEFINITION
CLASSIFICATION
GENETICS
CAUSES OF HYPERHYDROSIS
SOCIAL EFFECT
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
3. INTRODUCTION
Sweating is a normal bodily function, but for
some people, it can be an embarrassing or
traumatic experience. They find themselves
changing clothes several times a day; they sweat
even when the weather is cool and when they are
not doing any strenuous work.
A number of these people do not realize they are
suffering from a disorder called hyperhydrosis,
or the condition can be treated.
4. The human body has about 2-5 million sweat
glands. The two main ones are; eccrine and
apocrine.
Eccrine Sweat Glands
Approximately 3 million
eccrine sweat glands
Secrete a clear, odorless fluid
Aid in regulating body
temperature
Areas of concentration:
Facial, plantar, and axillae
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Inactive until puberty
Produce thick fluid
Secretions come in contact
with bacteria on the skin
and produce characteristic
“body odor”
Found in axillary and
genital areas
5. MECHANISM OF SWEATING
Hypothalamus serve as the
thermoregulatory centre. It
controls both blood flow and
sweat output to the skin’s surface.
It is triggered by exercise,
temperature change, hormones
and stress.
Once trigger send message to the
spinal cord via neurotransmitters
(acetylcholine an catecholamine).
These neurotransmitters travel
down to ganglion to nerves
innervating the skin’s surface
Photo used with permission: The Whiteley
Clinic,2007
6. DEFINITION
Hyperhydrosis is a state of
excessive sweating of the
axilla, palms, soles, or face
that interferes with daily
activities. It is a condition
characterized by abnormally
increased perspiration in
excess of that required for
thermal regulation.
University of Miami Cosmetic Center, 2007
7. CLASSIFICATION
Hyperhydrosis is classified into primary and
secondary types.
• Primary type: is associated with hyperactivity of the
sympathetic nervous system and can affect one or
several areas of the body (Strutton et al(2004),
Hornberger et. al (2004)), starts during childhood or
adolescence.
• Secondary type: is caused by other factors mainly
disorders.
8. GENETICS
Hyperhydrosis appear to be inherited in a
dorminant fashion. It was thought to be autosomal
recessive genetic potential.
A new UCLA (University of California-Los
Angeles) study published in the journal of vascular
surgery shows strong evidence that sweaty palms
syndrome is genetic (Champeau,2002).
It is caused by dorminant gene, indicating that
family members of those who have the disorder
may suffer from it more than has been previously
reported.
9. It has been found by the Department of Human
Genetics of UCLA that as much as 5% of the
population maybe at risk for some form of
hyperhydrosis, commonly known as sweaty ‘palms
syndrome’. Also according to research carried out
by UCLA, it was found that 65% of the patients
reported family recurrence of the disorder.
10. CAUSES
Excessive sweating affects a great number and
there are various factors, this include;
heart attack:
Infections: eg T.B those living with it.
Malignancy: eg Lymphoma
Obesity
Neurologic and endocrine disorder (eg
hyperthyroidism, diabetes)
Others; (anxiety, hypoglycemia, menopause,
stress) (Clinic, 2011)
11. SOCIAL EFFECT
This pose a lot of problem on individuals with
this disorder, such as;
Low esteem and self confidence
Embarrassment
Rule out a career such as being a chef
Workplace limitations such as low output, time
management, mental and interpersonal tasks.
Social isolation
Daily activities impacted
12.
13.
14. DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis involve two types i.e.
Patient’s examination (include
history)(Hornberger et. al, 2004).
Clinical test could include; i. Minor starch iodine
test: this delineates the area of sweating by use of
iodine solution in 3.5% of alcohol.
ii Thermoregulatory sweat Test (TST): This
delineate the distribution response to a controlled
heat and humidity stimulus (Fealey, 1997).
15. Photo used with permission:
Eisenach, Atkinson, & Fealey, 2005
17. TREATMENT
Treatment depends on the outcome of the
diagnosis and the area affected.
Topical treatment: use of Antiperspirants eg.
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, block sweat pore
and reduce sweat, and also eliminate odour
Systemic treatment: use of Anticholinergics, has
sympathetic inhibitory action.
Iontophoresis: block sweat duct by directing a
mild electrical current through the skin
(Hornberger et. al, 2003).
18. Treatment cont’n
Botox: use of Botulin toxin injection, inhibit nerve
impulse (Heckman, 2001, Naumann and Lowe,
2001, lowe et. al, 2003).
Surgery: can be done for severe cases. It is of two
types; (i) Local Excision (ii) Endoscopic Thoracic
Sympathectomy.
Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is the
most effective of all. It also have some side effects.
19. CONCLUSION
Hyperhydrosis is an embarrassing disorder
that even today is misconceived as rare and
untreatable. It is aggravated during emotional
stress and the pathophysiological mechanism
appears to be hyperfunctioning of the gland.
Hyperhydrosis does not have to be a
problem of epic proportion. By acknowledging
the condition and by getting help from the right
sources, you can minimize its impact on the
quality of your life.
20. REFERENCES
Fealey R.D (1997): Thermoregulatory sweat test. In: low PA,
ed. Clinical Autonomic Disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia,
pa: Lippincott-Raven; 245-257
Hamm, H., Naumann, M., & Kowalski, J. (2006). Primary focal
hyperhydrosis: Disease characteristics and functional
impairment. Dermatology, 212. 343-353.
Heckmann M, Ceballos-Baumann A.O, Plewig G (2001): Hyperhydrosis
study Group, Botulinum toxin A for axillary hyperhydrosis;
344:111- 117.
Hornberger J, Grimes K, Naumann M, et al. (2004 Aug):Multi- Specialty
Working Group on the Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment of
Primary Focal Hyperhydrosis. Recognition, diagnosis, and
treatment of primary focal hyperhydrosis. JAmAcad Derm.
51(2):274-286,
21. •Mayo Clinic (2011): What causes excessive sweating, Article reviewed by
M.J Ingram,
•Rachel Champeau (2002); Evidence that 'sweaty palms' syndrome’
is genetic , UCLA issues of the journal of vascular surgery
• Reisfeld R, Berliner K (2008): Evidence based review of the
nonsurgical management of hyperhydrosis, thorac surg
clin 18(2); 157-166
• Strutton DR, Kowalski JW, Glaser DA, Stang PE.(2004 Aug.): US prevalence
of hyperhydrosis and impact on individuals with axillary
hyperhydrosis: results from a national survey. J Am Acad
Derm. 51(2):241-8,