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Hydroponics – Sustainable
Agriculture for the 21st Century
Richard Tyson
University of Florida / Orange County Extension
WHY HYDROPONICS: DO YOU KNOW
WHERE YOUR FOOD COMES FROM ?
LOCAL FOODS
Food security
Economic security
Food safety
Socially responsible
Environmentally
responsible
The local foods movement - Lovavores
 Sourcing locally grown food is now just as
important as sourcing organically grown foods –
FreshPointe Regional Sales Manager, Orlando
 Homegrown Coop - Local Food Cooperative
 Local Harvest website
http://www.localharvest.org/
Hydroponics : Definition
• Growing plants without soil in a liquid or
soilless media with a mineral nutrient
solution
Hydroponics
• Greenhouse or outdoor systems
• Environmental and labor friendly
• High tech and low tech systems
Hydroponics
• Crop sensitive - production/environment and
cost factors to consider
• Requires a complete nutrient solution as
soilless conditions usually have no nutrients
• pH recommendation range from 5.5-6.5
Variety of Hydroponic Systems Based on
Nutrient Flow or Type of Media
• RE-CIRCULATING
SYSTEMS
• FLOW THROUGH
SYSTEMS
• FLOOD AND DRAIN
SYSTEMS
• NON-CIRCULATING
SYSTEMS
• WATER ONLY – NFT
OR FLOATING RAFT
• PERLITE OR
ROCKWOOL
• PINE BARK OR
GRAVEL
• PEAT OR COCONUT
HUSK
Growing Your Own Transplants
Rockwool vs Perlite vs Coconut Coir
Florida Greenhouse Crop Square
Footage for 1991 & 2001
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
1991 2001
Cucumber
Tomato
Pepper
Herbs
Lettuce
Strawberry
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2004
Single Bay
Multi-Bay
Single Poly
Double Poly
Pad & Fan
Natural Vent
Florida Vegetable Greenhouse
Design By Acreage - 2004
Perlite Production Systems
Nursery pots, Soil mix raised beds,
Upright plastic bags
• Potting mixtures of peat, perlite,
vermiculite, compost, pine bark, or
similar substrates…drip or
overhead irrigated with no re-
circulation.
Hydroponic NFT &
Floating Lettuce
BASIC RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS
(Nutrient Flow Techniques)
Vertical Systems
Irrigation & Nutrient Management
• Most commercial
systems require
irrigation controller
• Fertilizer injection
system (approx $500)
Tomato
• Primary Crops
– Cluster tomato shown
grown in perlite bags
• Cluster Tomato
– Vine ripened
– Aroma of stems and
calyx
Postharvest Handling
 Tender leafy vegetables must be used
immediately or refrigerated – herbs, lettuce,
spinach, etc.
 Other must be used soon or refrigerated –
cucumber, pepper, squash, broccoli, etc.
 Watermelons, butternut or acorn squash,
pumpkins, and tomatoes, can be stored at room
temperature but will last longer when cool…slows
ripening
Small Farmer Tomato Packing
Bell Pepper
• Immature green to:
– Red
– Yellow
– Orange
– Others
European Long & Mini Seedless
or Standard Cucumbers
FLOOD AND DRAIN TROUGH
SYSTEMS
Greenhouse Herbs
• Popularity increasing
• Possible organic certification
Floating Raft Systems in
Florida
Innovation / Risk
Marketing, Marketing, Marketing
• The break even price for hydroponics is
usually higher than conventional
agriculture.
• Example with tomatoes - $.50 per lb for
field grown vs $1.00 per lb for
hydroponic tomatoes.
• Don’t plant unless you know for sure
where you are going to sell it!
Growers of the freshest Hydroponic Sweet Basil and
Tilapia.
New England grown and distributed no more than two
hours door to door
Resources
• ATTRA - attra.ncat.org – Appropriate
Technologies Transfer for Rural Areas
• www.cropking.com – Ohio
• Hydro-Gardens, Colorodo
• Growers Supply, Lynnhaven Florida
• Small Farms Academy – Univ. of Florida
• Johnny’s Seeds, Maine
Summary
• Start small and grow slowly as you learn
the in and out of the systems & markets
• High yields are possible but so are high
costs
• Break even prices will likely be higher so
market as close to retail as possible
• Research is on-going / trialing is advised
HYDROPONICS

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Hydroponics for MS student And graduate student

  • 1. Hydroponics – Sustainable Agriculture for the 21st Century Richard Tyson University of Florida / Orange County Extension
  • 2. WHY HYDROPONICS: DO YOU KNOW WHERE YOUR FOOD COMES FROM ?
  • 3. LOCAL FOODS Food security Economic security Food safety Socially responsible Environmentally responsible
  • 4. The local foods movement - Lovavores  Sourcing locally grown food is now just as important as sourcing organically grown foods – FreshPointe Regional Sales Manager, Orlando  Homegrown Coop - Local Food Cooperative  Local Harvest website http://www.localharvest.org/
  • 5. Hydroponics : Definition • Growing plants without soil in a liquid or soilless media with a mineral nutrient solution
  • 6. Hydroponics • Greenhouse or outdoor systems • Environmental and labor friendly • High tech and low tech systems
  • 7. Hydroponics • Crop sensitive - production/environment and cost factors to consider • Requires a complete nutrient solution as soilless conditions usually have no nutrients • pH recommendation range from 5.5-6.5
  • 8. Variety of Hydroponic Systems Based on Nutrient Flow or Type of Media • RE-CIRCULATING SYSTEMS • FLOW THROUGH SYSTEMS • FLOOD AND DRAIN SYSTEMS • NON-CIRCULATING SYSTEMS • WATER ONLY – NFT OR FLOATING RAFT • PERLITE OR ROCKWOOL • PINE BARK OR GRAVEL • PEAT OR COCONUT HUSK
  • 9. Growing Your Own Transplants
  • 10. Rockwool vs Perlite vs Coconut Coir
  • 11. Florida Greenhouse Crop Square Footage for 1991 & 2001 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 1991 2001 Cucumber Tomato Pepper Herbs Lettuce Strawberry
  • 12. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2004 Single Bay Multi-Bay Single Poly Double Poly Pad & Fan Natural Vent Florida Vegetable Greenhouse Design By Acreage - 2004
  • 14. Nursery pots, Soil mix raised beds, Upright plastic bags • Potting mixtures of peat, perlite, vermiculite, compost, pine bark, or similar substrates…drip or overhead irrigated with no re- circulation.
  • 18. Irrigation & Nutrient Management • Most commercial systems require irrigation controller • Fertilizer injection system (approx $500)
  • 19. Tomato • Primary Crops – Cluster tomato shown grown in perlite bags • Cluster Tomato – Vine ripened – Aroma of stems and calyx
  • 20. Postharvest Handling  Tender leafy vegetables must be used immediately or refrigerated – herbs, lettuce, spinach, etc.  Other must be used soon or refrigerated – cucumber, pepper, squash, broccoli, etc.  Watermelons, butternut or acorn squash, pumpkins, and tomatoes, can be stored at room temperature but will last longer when cool…slows ripening
  • 22. Bell Pepper • Immature green to: – Red – Yellow – Orange – Others
  • 23. European Long & Mini Seedless or Standard Cucumbers
  • 24. FLOOD AND DRAIN TROUGH SYSTEMS
  • 25. Greenhouse Herbs • Popularity increasing • Possible organic certification
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. Floating Raft Systems in Florida
  • 30. Marketing, Marketing, Marketing • The break even price for hydroponics is usually higher than conventional agriculture. • Example with tomatoes - $.50 per lb for field grown vs $1.00 per lb for hydroponic tomatoes. • Don’t plant unless you know for sure where you are going to sell it!
  • 31. Growers of the freshest Hydroponic Sweet Basil and Tilapia. New England grown and distributed no more than two hours door to door
  • 32.
  • 33. Resources • ATTRA - attra.ncat.org – Appropriate Technologies Transfer for Rural Areas • www.cropking.com – Ohio • Hydro-Gardens, Colorodo • Growers Supply, Lynnhaven Florida • Small Farms Academy – Univ. of Florida • Johnny’s Seeds, Maine
  • 34. Summary • Start small and grow slowly as you learn the in and out of the systems & markets • High yields are possible but so are high costs • Break even prices will likely be higher so market as close to retail as possible • Research is on-going / trialing is advised