iam shaik mubeena studying B.pharmacy final year in M.A.M college of pharmacy. i had posted this for the sake of students to find their topic easily in slideshare account. this topic was very help full to the students.

1. HYDRONEPHROSIS

2. DEFINITION
HYDRONEPROSIS IS DEFINED AS ASEPTIC
DILATATION OF THE WHOLE OR A PART OF THE
PELVIC-CALYCEAL SYSTEM OF THE KIDNEY DUE TO
PARTIAL OR INTERMITTENT INTERRUTION TO THE
OUTFLOW OF URINE

3. CAUSES OF HYDRONEPHROSIS
HYDRONEPHROSIS REFERS TO DIALATON OF RENAL
PELVIC AND CYLYCES WITH ACCOMPANYING ATROPHY
OF PARENCHYMA.
CAUSES BY OBSTRUCTION TO OUTFLOW OF URINE

4. CAUSES OF HYDRONEPHROSIS
 KIDNEY STONES
 BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
 PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
 PREGNENCY
 NEUROLOGICAL BLADDER

5. CAUSES OF HYDRONEPHROSIS
• CONGENITAL
ATRESIA OF URETHRA
ABERRANT RENAL A ARTERY COMPRSSING THE
URETER
RENAL PTOSIS WITH KINKING OF UTERER

6. CAUSES OF HYDRONEPHROSIS
• ACQUIRED
FOREIGN BODY-STONES
TUMORES-CANSER PROSTATE & BLADDER TUMORS
INFLAMATION-PROSTATITIS,URETERITIS,URETHRITIS
NEUROGENISIC-SPINAL CORD DAMAGE WITH PARALYSIS OF
BLADDER

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 DUE TO THE ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
 OBSTRUCTION OF THE URINE FLOW
 FLUID BACKS UP INTO THE KIDNEY
 CAUSING DIALATION OF RENAL PELVIS
 RESULT IN BAROTRAUMAS/PRESSURE TRAUMA
 HIGHER PRESSURE CAUSES IRREVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION OF THE
NEPHROSIS

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 HYPERTROPHY OF THE KIDNEY AS A CONSEQUENCE
OF INCREASED WORKLOAD
 HYDRONEPHROSIS
 RENAL FAILURE

9. MORPHOLOGY
 THE KIDNEY IS A MASSIVELY ENLARGED WITH GREATELY
DISTENDED PELVI-CALYCEAL SYSTEM
 THE RENAL PARENCHYMA IS A COMPRESSED AND
ATROPHIED WITH OBLITERATION OF THE PAPILLA AND
FATTENING OF THE PYRAMID
 DEPENDING ON OBSTRUCTION ONE OR BOTH URETER MAY
ALSO DILATED (HYDROURETER)

10. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
• ASYPTOMATIC
• PAIN IS FELT IN THE RENAL AREA
• HEMATURIA
• ANURIA/OLIGURIA
• URINARY INFECTION,DYSURIA,FREQUENCY
• CALCULI
• AZOTEMIA
• UNEXPLAINED VAGUE GI SYMPTOMS
• SOME LARGE HYDRONEPHROSIS CAN BE PALPABLE

11. EPIDIMOLOGY
• 1-5% OF ALL PREGNENCY
• MALE : FEMALE =2:1
• BILATERAL 20-40%

12. TREATMENTS
o TREATMENT INCLIUDE ANTIBIOTICS IF THERE'S AN INFECTION.IN SEVERE CASES, THE
URINE MAY NEED TO BE DRAINED FROM THE BLADDER OR KIDNEY
o DEVICES-URETERAL STENT
o MEDICAL PROCEDURE-URINARY CATHETERIZATION(INSERTING A TUBE INTO THE
BLADDER TO DRAIN URINE), NEPHROSTOMY
o STONE REMOVAL
o A RENAL DIET
o SURGERY MAY BE NEEDED TO REMOVE PART OR ALL OF YOUR KIDNEY IF IT IS NOT
WORKING PROPERLY

13. DIAGNOSIS
• ULTRASOUND SCAN
• BLOOD TEST
• X-RAY
• CT SCAN
• URINE TEST
• KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST