1.1 Classification
Of
Hydrocarbon
Depending uponthe types of
carbon-carbon bonds present,
they can be classified into
tree main categories:
1) Saturated Hydrocarbon
2) Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
3) Aromatic Hydrocarbon
5.
1.1.1Saturated Hydrocarbon
The hydrocarbonthat contain only carbon-carbon single bond is called
Saturated Hydrocarbon.
These include open chain hydrocarbon as well as closed chain hydrocarbons. These compounds are
called saturated because they have maximum number of bonded hydrogen
• If different carbon atoms are joined
together to form an open chain of carbon atoms
with single bonds, they are called Alkanes.
For example: 2-Methylpropane (Isobutane)
• If carbon atoms form a closed chain or ring,
they are called Cycloalkanes.
For example: Cyclopentane
6.
1.1.2 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Thehydrocarbons which contain carbon-carbon multiple bond
(Double bonds or triple bond) are called unsturated hydrocarbon.
Depending upon multiple bond they are further classified as alkenes
and alkynes.
• Alkenes : These are hydrocarbon which contain at least one carbon-carbon bond. For
example: Ethene
• Alkynes: These are hydrocarbons which contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. For
example: Ethylene
7.
1.1.3 Aromatic hydrocarbon
Thehydrocarbons which contain at least one special type of hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with
three double bond in the alternate positions are called aromatic hydrocarbon. The ring is called
aromatic ring.
For example: i) Toluene ii) o-Xylene
The aromatic compounds may also contain more than one benzene rings. For example: i)
Naphthalene ii) Anthracene
8.
Types of Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
Type
Characteristic
Group
Example
SaturatedHydrocarbon:
Alkanes
No double or Triple Bond
CH3CH2CH3
Propane
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon:
1. Alkenes
2. Alkynes
Double Bond
Triple Bond
CH3–CH CH
═ 2
Propene
CH3 C CH
− ≡
Propyne
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene ring
Methyl Benzene
