This document summarizes a study on the effects of major autohemotherapy with ozone on patients with chronic hepatitis B. 28 patients received 15 sessions of major autohemotherapy with increasing ozone doses up to 12,000 micrograms, as well as maintenance doses every 15 days for a year. The results showed that all patients tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and positive for hepatitis B surface antibody after one month of treatment. Patients also had undetectable viral loads and normal liver enzyme levels after one month, which were maintained after 6 months and 1 year. The study concludes that major autohemotherapy shows promise as an effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B through its immunomodulatory effects.
Need of Dual Antiviral Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis BJohnJulie1
The primary indication for an esophagectomy is esophageal cancer or Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Patients undergoing esophagectomy often present with dysphagia, side effects from chemotherapy, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Esophagectomy may be an operation involving the abdomen, neck, and/or chest requiring 5 to 7 days of NPO status to permit healing of the anastomosis between the upper esophagus and new esophageal conduit (usually the stomach).
Need of Dual Antiviral Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis BJohnJulie1
Approximately one third of the world’s population has serological evidence of past or present infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). An estimated 350-400 million people are surface HBV antigen (HBsAg) carriers. India has 40 million HBV carriers i.e. 10–15% share of total pool of HBV carriers of the world. In India.
Approximately one third of the world’s population has serological evidence of past or present infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). An estimated 350-400 million people are surface HBV antigen (HBsAg) carriers. India has 40 million HBV carriers i.e. 10–15% share of total pool of HBV carriers of the world. In India.
A Mathematical Model of the Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection wit...ijtsrd
In this model we study the dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection which is a major health problem worldwide by considering condom, vaccination and treatment as control measures. Initially we determined the basic reproduction number R_0 for the model and observe that once R_0 http://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/other/18164/a-mathematical-model-of-the-dynamics-of-hepatitis-b-virus-hbv-infection-with-controls/titus-ifeanyi-chinebu
Hepatitis B and C infection and it's clinical implication in Dental practice, how to management patients of hepatitis and what clinical features patients with hepatitis show in oral cavity.
Need of Dual Antiviral Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis BJohnJulie1
The primary indication for an esophagectomy is esophageal cancer or Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Patients undergoing esophagectomy often present with dysphagia, side effects from chemotherapy, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Esophagectomy may be an operation involving the abdomen, neck, and/or chest requiring 5 to 7 days of NPO status to permit healing of the anastomosis between the upper esophagus and new esophageal conduit (usually the stomach).
Need of Dual Antiviral Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis BJohnJulie1
Approximately one third of the world’s population has serological evidence of past or present infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). An estimated 350-400 million people are surface HBV antigen (HBsAg) carriers. India has 40 million HBV carriers i.e. 10–15% share of total pool of HBV carriers of the world. In India.
Approximately one third of the world’s population has serological evidence of past or present infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). An estimated 350-400 million people are surface HBV antigen (HBsAg) carriers. India has 40 million HBV carriers i.e. 10–15% share of total pool of HBV carriers of the world. In India.
A Mathematical Model of the Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection wit...ijtsrd
In this model we study the dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection which is a major health problem worldwide by considering condom, vaccination and treatment as control measures. Initially we determined the basic reproduction number R_0 for the model and observe that once R_0 http://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/other/18164/a-mathematical-model-of-the-dynamics-of-hepatitis-b-virus-hbv-infection-with-controls/titus-ifeanyi-chinebu
Hepatitis B and C infection and it's clinical implication in Dental practice, how to management patients of hepatitis and what clinical features patients with hepatitis show in oral cavity.
350 million hepatitis B virus carriers worldwide.
600,000 death due to HBV complications annually.
one of the major cause of liver cancer globally.
It is transmitted by
body fluids
Hepatitis B exposure
Intravenous drug user
Patient immunocompromised
Fetal or neonatal effect of maternal infection
Surgical procedure
Healthcare Worker, or
Transfusion of blood product.
Evaluation of Biofield Modality on Viral Load of Hepatitis B and C VirusesMahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofield modality on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in terms of viral load as surrogate marker.
A Case Report on Hepatitis C Induced Acute Immune Thrombocytopeniaijtsrd
Chronic hepatitis C virus HCV infection is recognized as a global health problem with 170 to 200 million people estimated to be infected worldwide. Chronic HCV is one of the most common chronic viral infections worldwide and it is a major cause of cirrhosis, end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. While HCV induced thrombocytopenia observed among these patients, thrombocytopenia is one of the rarely observed. We present a case with HCV infection in which thrombocytopenia developed in starting phase treatment. Although there are not an adequate number of studies on this subject, it was concluded thrombocytopenia that developed because of HCV infection is a favorable option. Dr. Jay B. Patel | Gaurav Rajauria | Dr. Rajveer Singh "A Case Report on Hepatitis C Induced Acute Immune Thrombocytopenia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30882.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/immunology/30882/a-case-report-on-hepatitis-c-induced-acute-immune-thrombocytopenia/dr-jay-b-patel
Efficacy and safety of Sulfad tablets in supporting patientswith viral
hepatitis:Aprospective,double-blind,randomized, placebo-controlled,
phase III clinical trial
Every year universal expiries after viral hepatitis are 1.4 million. The organization has known a method to treat 80% of HCV patients by 2030. In Pakistan, HCV occurrence is 1%. There is no correct indication about the real occurrence of HCV chronic infection, though current meta-analyses approximation that currently, about 130-150 million people live with chronic hepatitis C and that HCV reasons about 500,000 deaths each year The purpose of this review article to describes the introduction of HCV, risk factors of HCV, Early treatment option sand result of sofosbuvir plus Ribavirin on the treatment of HCV.
Background: The precise evaluation of hepatic fi brosis is crucial in the management of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC). Multiple noninvasive serological scores and devices have been used in the accurate prediction of fibrosis however; early changes in non-invasive
biomarkers of liver fibrosis following antiviral therapy are widely unknown. We aim to evaluate changes of liver stiffness and 6 noninvasive serological fibrosis scores, easy to calculate particularly in poor areas, following sofosbuvir- based treatment.
Methods: This is a cohort study that included 155 CHC Egyptian patients. Transient elastography values were recorded as well
as Aspartate Aminotransferase-To-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), FIB-4, Lok score, fibrosis index, King Score and fibro Q score were calculated at baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment.
Interleukin16 and Interleukin 28B Genes Polymorphism in HBV Infected Saudi pa...iosrjce
The course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is variable depending on many factors. In this study,
we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-28B and interleukin-16 as possible host factors
which may determine the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Saudi patients. Chronic hepatitis B
(CHB) patients (75), HCC patients (42), and healthy controls (70) were analyzed for polymorphisms of the IL16
and IL28B genes using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results showed that HCC
and chronic HBV patients had higher prevalence of rs11556218TG genotype than controls. The rs11556218GG
genotype was higher among HCC (14.4%) compared to chronic HBV (2.7%) patients. The IL-16 genotype
rs4072111CT was higher among HCC (47.6%) and chronic HBV (46.7%) patients than controls (28.6%). The
rs4072111TT genotype was higher among HCC patients compared to the other two groups. The T allele
frequency was higher among HCC patients than controls. The CT and TT of the IL-28B rs12979860 genotype
were significantly less frequent in chronic HBV and HCC patients. The IL-28B rs8099917 TG genotype was
more frequent among HCC (19%) compared to chronic HBV (8%) patients. However, no significant difference
was detected in the allele distribution.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
350 million hepatitis B virus carriers worldwide.
600,000 death due to HBV complications annually.
one of the major cause of liver cancer globally.
It is transmitted by
body fluids
Hepatitis B exposure
Intravenous drug user
Patient immunocompromised
Fetal or neonatal effect of maternal infection
Surgical procedure
Healthcare Worker, or
Transfusion of blood product.
Evaluation of Biofield Modality on Viral Load of Hepatitis B and C VirusesMahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofield modality on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in terms of viral load as surrogate marker.
A Case Report on Hepatitis C Induced Acute Immune Thrombocytopeniaijtsrd
Chronic hepatitis C virus HCV infection is recognized as a global health problem with 170 to 200 million people estimated to be infected worldwide. Chronic HCV is one of the most common chronic viral infections worldwide and it is a major cause of cirrhosis, end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. While HCV induced thrombocytopenia observed among these patients, thrombocytopenia is one of the rarely observed. We present a case with HCV infection in which thrombocytopenia developed in starting phase treatment. Although there are not an adequate number of studies on this subject, it was concluded thrombocytopenia that developed because of HCV infection is a favorable option. Dr. Jay B. Patel | Gaurav Rajauria | Dr. Rajveer Singh "A Case Report on Hepatitis C Induced Acute Immune Thrombocytopenia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30882.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/immunology/30882/a-case-report-on-hepatitis-c-induced-acute-immune-thrombocytopenia/dr-jay-b-patel
Efficacy and safety of Sulfad tablets in supporting patientswith viral
hepatitis:Aprospective,double-blind,randomized, placebo-controlled,
phase III clinical trial
Every year universal expiries after viral hepatitis are 1.4 million. The organization has known a method to treat 80% of HCV patients by 2030. In Pakistan, HCV occurrence is 1%. There is no correct indication about the real occurrence of HCV chronic infection, though current meta-analyses approximation that currently, about 130-150 million people live with chronic hepatitis C and that HCV reasons about 500,000 deaths each year The purpose of this review article to describes the introduction of HCV, risk factors of HCV, Early treatment option sand result of sofosbuvir plus Ribavirin on the treatment of HCV.
Background: The precise evaluation of hepatic fi brosis is crucial in the management of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC). Multiple noninvasive serological scores and devices have been used in the accurate prediction of fibrosis however; early changes in non-invasive
biomarkers of liver fibrosis following antiviral therapy are widely unknown. We aim to evaluate changes of liver stiffness and 6 noninvasive serological fibrosis scores, easy to calculate particularly in poor areas, following sofosbuvir- based treatment.
Methods: This is a cohort study that included 155 CHC Egyptian patients. Transient elastography values were recorded as well
as Aspartate Aminotransferase-To-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), FIB-4, Lok score, fibrosis index, King Score and fibro Q score were calculated at baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment.
Interleukin16 and Interleukin 28B Genes Polymorphism in HBV Infected Saudi pa...iosrjce
The course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is variable depending on many factors. In this study,
we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-28B and interleukin-16 as possible host factors
which may determine the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Saudi patients. Chronic hepatitis B
(CHB) patients (75), HCC patients (42), and healthy controls (70) were analyzed for polymorphisms of the IL16
and IL28B genes using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results showed that HCC
and chronic HBV patients had higher prevalence of rs11556218TG genotype than controls. The rs11556218GG
genotype was higher among HCC (14.4%) compared to chronic HBV (2.7%) patients. The IL-16 genotype
rs4072111CT was higher among HCC (47.6%) and chronic HBV (46.7%) patients than controls (28.6%). The
rs4072111TT genotype was higher among HCC patients compared to the other two groups. The T allele
frequency was higher among HCC patients than controls. The CT and TT of the IL-28B rs12979860 genotype
were significantly less frequent in chronic HBV and HCC patients. The IL-28B rs8099917 TG genotype was
more frequent among HCC (19%) compared to chronic HBV (8%) patients. However, no significant difference
was detected in the allele distribution.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
HVB Y OZONO.pdf
1. JO3T
Javier Cespedes-Suarez
Hepatitis B (HVB) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the
world. Its wide geographical distribution is a health problem, especially on
the African continent, with prevalence rate of 6.1% in the adult population.
Current treatment requires prolonged therapy (most cases for the rest of life)
with the aim of stopping viral replication, maintaining immunological stability,
preventing progression of liver disease and the most feared complications
such as cirrhosis and hepatic cancer.
There are multiple references for ozone therapy as an alternative in the
treatment of Hepatitis B, because of the known and demonstrated
antimicrobial and immune modulatory properties. With these promises, we
performed the present clinical study that included 28 patients with positive
diagnosis of chronic Hepatitis B, surface antigen (HVBs Ag) positive,
antibodies against surface antigen (HVBs) negative, viral load (HVB DNA)
and transaminases elevated. These patients with 1 year of evolution and
antiviral treatment were treated with major autohemotherapy with protocol of
15 sessions and maintenance every 15 days with an ozone concentration of
50 µg/ml, with an initial dose of 4,000 µg up to 12,000 µg.
We indicate Ag HVBs, Ac HVBs, HVB Viral Loading and transaminases
before starting treatment, at 15 days of completion and quarterly until the
year. The results showed negative of HBsAb tests from, a positive anti-
HBsAb test (Hepatitis B surface antibody), significant decrease of viral load
to undetectable values and normal values of the transaminases
demonstrating the functional recovery of the disease, associated with
favorable immunological response, providing a better quality of patients'
lives.
Keywords: Hepatitis B, Transaminases, Ozone therapy, Major Autohemotherapy, Surface
antigen, Surface Antigen Antibody.
Introduction
Hepatitis B is a liver infectious disease caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV),
which belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae (hepatotropic DNA virus) and is
characterized by hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation [1].
The development of serological tests for the different antigens and their
respective antibodies has revealed the worldwide distribution of HBV, with
extremely high infection rates. It is estimated that one-third of the world's
DOI: 10.7203/jo3t.2.3.2018.11459 Journal of Ozone Therapy, Vol.2, No.3, 2018: /
1 7
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Response of patients with chronic Hepatitis B in one year of
treatment with Major Autohemotherapy
Javier Cespedes-Suarez, Yanisley Martin-Serrano, Maria Rosa Carballosa-Peña, Diana Rosa Dager-
Carballosa
Cardiozono Medical Center. Luanda, Angola
ABSTRACT
Citation
Cespedes-Suarez J, Martin-Serrano Y,
Carballosa-Peña MR, Dager-Carballosa
DR. Response of patients with chronic
Hepatitis B in one year of treatment
with Major Autohemotherapy. J Ozone
Ther. 2018:2(3)
doi: 10.7203/jo3t.2.3.2018.11459
Academic Editor
Jose Baeza-Noci,
School of Medicine, Valencia
University, SPAIN
Editor
World Federation of Ozone Therapy,
Bologna, ITALY
Received
February 1, 2018
Accepted
February 16, 2018
Published
December 15, 2018
Intellectual Property
Cespedes-Suarez J.
This is an open access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY 4.0), which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are
credited.
Author Information
docj09@gmail.com
OPEN ACCESS
2. JO3T
Javier Cespedes-Suarez
population, 2,000 million people have been infected by HBV, and of these,
about 350-400 million are chronic carriers. By 2015, 257 million people were
living with chronic infection, mainly affecting the African and Western Pacific
Region. Most of the deaths were due to chronic liver disease (720,000
cirrhosis) and primary liver cancer (470,000 hepatocellular carcinoma
deaths) [2,3,4,5].
There are now many reasons to approach the treatment of chronic hepatitis
from an etiological point of view, on the evidence that the evolution depends
on causative agent, replicative state, activity degree and the disease stage.
The treatment of chronic liver injury by B virus is based on the
etiopathogenic mechanisms that produce it, on the demonstration of the non-
cytopathic effect of HBV and, therefore, on its origin due to an immune
specific reaction of the host mediated by activated cytotoxic T
lymphocytes_[6].
With the development of medicine, antiviral treatment has improved the
prognosis of the disease and the quality of life of those affected. However,
there are also other natural treatments that perfectly complement the
pharmacological ones. Ozone therapy has become a useful therapy for the
treatment of many pathological processes such as hepatitis, probably due to
the viral inactivation by generated endoperoxides, as well as stimulation of
cytokines release. Medical ozone has antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus
effect. Ozone through its active metabolite is able to modulate the
immunological system in order to eliminate the virus [7,8].
Several scientific studies have postulated Ozone as an excellent modulator
of the immune system and its contribution to the recovery of viral diseases
such as hepatitis B, particularly by the effects on monocytes and T
lymphocytes, in addition to which the production of accompanied cytokines is
stimulated of an improvement of the oxygenation and the metabolism.
The action of ozone on the immune cell is compared with the effect caused
by mitogens. In cytokinetic induction of immunocompetent cells, CD4 + T
lymphocytes (helpers) activated by macrophages produce cytokines that
initiate intercellular communication in their role as messengers. IL-2,
released by these cells, is responsible for the activation and differentiation of
T cell and natural killer cells (NK) cells (spontaneous cytotoxic), to induce the
cytotoxicity of CD8 + T lymphocytes and to promote activation and
proliferation of B lymphocytes, hence these cells are considered a
fundamental pillar in the cell-mediated immune response [9].
Thus, CD4 + T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, macrophages,
neutrophils, eosinophils, NK cells and the activation of antibody-dependent
cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) are immune effector mechanisms to kill cells
infected by viruses, neoplastic cells or eliminate bacteria and
parasites_[9,10].
Another interesting aspect of ozone as an immunomodulator is during the
controlled "micro-oxidation" that occurs after administration, the "vaccine
effect”, which gives a favorable activation of antioxidant systems [11].
Given the widely recognized immune stimulatory effect of ozone therapy, the
aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of increased doses of
major autohemotherapy on the humoral, immunological and biochemical
response of chronic hepatitis B patients receiving also antiviral treatment.
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3. JO3T
Javier Cespedes-Suarez
Materials and methods
A retrospective longitudinal study was performed at the Cardiozono Medical
Center located in Luanda, Angola. Twenty-eight adult patients of both sexes,
who started treatment at the Medical Center in June 2016 until June 2017,
were referred from our Gastroenterology office / Infectology consult and
other Hospitals, diagnosed of chronic hepatitis B of one year of evolution.
Inclusion criteria: Patients with surface antigen (HBs) positive, antibodies
against surface antigen (Anti-HBs) negative, viral load (HVB DNA) and
Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (TGP), as well as Glutamic Oxaloacetic
Transaminase (TGO) elevated with retroviral treatment in 1 year of evolution.
Exclusion criteria: Pregnant women, patients with other chronic diseases,
autoimmune diseases, degenerative diseases, as well as patients with
coagulation disorder
Treatment Protocol: The patients received 15 sessions of major
autohemotherapy (one daily session). In each session we used a German-
made Promedic Humazon equipment (Humares GmbH, Bruchsal,
Germany), 3-way stopcock, epicranial needle 19 G, Sangiset (Humares
GmbH, Bruchsal, Germany) with capacity of 350 mL where we put 10 mL of
3.13 % sodium citrate to avoid blood clot during the procedure and other
disposable material.
The major autohemotherapy (Table 1) was performed at a concentration of
50 μg/mL in 100 m of blood; the initial dose of the therapy was 4000 μg (80
mL of ozone gas at 50 μg/mL concentration); we increased the dose by 2000
μg every 2 days until reaching a dose of 12,000 μg (240 mL of ozone gas at
50 μg/mL concentration), maintaining this dose as a maintenance dose
every 15 days throughout the year.
The parameters evaluated were: Ag HBs, Anti-HBs, HVB viral load and
transaminases, before starting the treatment, at 15 days of completion, at 6
months and 1 year.
We considered the qualitative result of the serological markers Ag HBs, Anti-
HBs (positive/negative).
The real-time PCR reference values were taken into account as a
standardized method to determine the Viral Load with an analytical range of
40-20,000 IU / mL HBV DNA / Less than 1.6 - 7.3 log 10 IU / mL HVB DNA.
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Table 1. Treatment protocol.
Days of treatment O3 dose in 100 ml of blood
(O3 concentration and volume)
Days 1-2 4,000 µg (50 µg/mL and 80 ml)
Days 3-4 6,000 µg (50 µg/mL and 120 ml)
Days 5-6 8,000 µg (50 µg/mL and 160 ml)
Days 7-8 10,000 µg (50 µg/mL and 200 ml)
Days 9-15 12,000 µg (50 µg/mL and 240 ml)
Maintenance every 15 days 12,000 µg (50 µg/mL and 240 ml)
4. JO3T
Javier Cespedes-Suarez
The values of biochemical markers (TGP) and (TGO) less than or equal to
40 ID/L were taken into account according to the reference values of the
laboratory where the tests were performed.
Statistical analysis: We used SPSS 19.0 statistic software and we
categorized the values using contingency tables utility and chi-square
analysis for the significance on the changes before and after the treatment.
Values of chi-square under 0,05 were considered significant.
Results and discussion
The anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (Ag HBs), formerly known as "Australian
antigen" is the most important serological marker, appears in the serum 1 to
10 weeks after acute exposure to HBV, before the onset of symptoms or
elevation of aminotransferases. Its persistence for more than 6 months
implies chronic infection and its loss is a desirable objective followed by the
appearance of Anti-HBs in the majority of patients [12].
Of the 28 patients with a positive HBsAg serological marker before starting
treatment, 100% were negativized per month, maintaining these results at 6
months and a year in the total sample (Table 2). This process suggests that
the immune response to autohemotherapy was favorable, although it is
unable to eradicate the virus, tends to decrease the progression of the
infection. It has to be considered that, the method used for this marker was
qualitative and only provides information on the total antibody response to
Anti-HBs. These results could be related to the use of ozone concentration
of 50 μg/mL in doses reaching 12,000 μg during the maintenance therapy
that was able to modulate the release of cytokines, determinant for
synthesis of these antibodies, coinciding with studies that have already
demonstrated that high ozone concentrations (50 to 80 μg/mL) are capable
of modulating the release of these cytokines, as expression of different
biological functions [13].
The goal of HBV therapy is the suppression of virus replication to prevent
disease progression; it should be aimed at maintaining the lowest possible
title of HBV DNA.
When analyzing the viral load behavior before starting the treatment, most
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Table 2: Behavior of serological markers (Ag HBs, Anti-HBs) in 28 patients during
one year of ozone treatment by major autohemotherapy.
Serological
Markers
Patients Number
Before starting
treatment
1 month 6 months 1year
Ag HBs + 28(100%) 0 0 0
Ag HBs - 0 28(100%)* 28(100%)* 28(100%)*
Anti-HBs + 0 28(100%)* 28(100%)* 28(100%)*
Anti-HBs - 28(100%) 0 0 0
*chi-square significant value.
5. JO3T
Javier Cespedes-Suarez
of the patients (57.1%) presented viral load between 10,000-20,000 IU/mL.
At one month the viral load was undetectable in 100% of the patients,
maintaining this level during the year under treatment (Table 3). The results
obtained can be compared with similar previous work reported by Jiao XJ et
al in 2008 and Neronov in 2009 [14,15].
It is necessary to point out that, 15 days after the conclusion of ozone cycle
by major autohemotherapy, a good response of the immune system was
observed, maintained in a sustained way. This could be explained by the
cumulative effects of the active metabolites produced during the ozone
therapy that stimulates different pathways which ultimately result in an
immune stimulation.
Ozone is considered by several authors as a drug capable of modifying the
biological response by the multiplicity of action and the generation of
intermolecular signalizations [14,15,16].
The transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes present inside the
cells of our body, being responsible for the metabolism of some proteins.
They are present in several body cells and in great quantity in the
hepatocytes (liver cells). Whenever a cell that contains TGO or TGP suffers
an injury, these enzymes "pour" into the blood, increasing their blood
concentration. Therefore, it is easy to understand why liver diseases, which
cause hepatocyte injury, occur with elevated blood levels of them, as may
occur in the course of hepatitis.
In this study, the behavior of biochemical markers was analyzed (Table 4).
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Table 3: Viral load behavior in 28 patients with ozone by major autohemotherapy
during one year of treatment.
Molecular Marker Patients Number
Viral Load (HBV-
DNA) IU/mL
Before starting
treatment
1 month 6 months 1year
Undetectable 0(0%) 28(100%)* 28(100%)* 28(100%)*
40 - 10,000 12(29.6%) 0 0 0
10,000 - 20,000 16(57.1%) 0 0 0
*chi-square significant value.
Table 4: Behavior of different biochemical markers in 28 patients treated with ozone
by major autohemotherapy during one year.
Biochemical
markers
Patients Number
TGO and TGP
(IU/L)
Before starting
treatment
1 month 6 months 1year
< 40 0 28 (100%)* 28(100%)* 28(100%)*
40-100 28 (100%) 0 0 0
*chi-square significant value.
6. JO3T
Javier Cespedes-Suarez
Before initiating treatment, 100% of the patients had elevated transaminase
levels (TGP and TGO) between 40-100 IU/L. At one month, 100% of the
sample had normal values (< 40 Uds/L), remaining at 6 months and one
year of treatment, which is closely related to the decrease in viral load
observed and the effects caused by ozone when stabilizing the cellular
redox equilibrium.
Conclusions
Ozone therapy by major autohemotherapy has a stimulatory effect on the
humoral response to the surface antigen of the Hepatitis B virus, as well as
on the biochemical markers. The evaluation of the viral load, at different
times of the therapy, was a marker of effectiveness to evaluate the
persistence of the organism positive response to the ozone treatment by
major autohemotherapy. No side effects were found during the study.
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