This document discusses HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It provides details on:
- HVAC energy consumption for a lab building, with cooling and heating accounting for over 60% of annual energy use.
- Common temperature and humidity setpoints for HVAC systems.
- The main components of HVAC systems including boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes.
- How air handling units heat, cool, humidify and distribute air to rooms while also bringing in outside air.
- How variable air volume boxes control room temperature and air flow.
HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning
What we have learned?
The system that ensures the thermal comfort.
What’s in the mechanical rooms.
What happens in air handling unit.
How VAV works.
What can happen in the real world.
#hvac #basics #learning #alattar ,#interview #questions
HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning
What we have learned?
The system that ensures the thermal comfort.
What’s in the mechanical rooms.
What happens in air handling unit.
How VAV works.
What can happen in the real world.
#hvac #basics #learning #alattar ,#interview #questions
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and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. HVAC Energy Consumption
2
Cooling 642 kWh/m2
Heating 623 kWh/m2
Electricity 414 kWh/m2
Annual Energy Use
>60%
A lab building on campus
32%
DOE numbers
3. HVAC
3
HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning
Temperature
Humidity
Pressure
Ventilation
68°F (20°C) and 75°F (25°C)
30% relative humidity (RH) and 60% RH
A slightly positive pressure to reduce
outside air infiltration.
Rooms typically have several
complete air changes per hour
Diagram of mechanical system on the blackboard
4. Where?
4
Mechanical Room: Boilers, chillers, pumps, heat exchangers…
Air Handling Units (AHUs): heat, cool, humidify, dehumidify, ventilate, filter and
distribute the air.
Room Controls: thermostats and Variable Air Volume (VAV) boxes
Pictures from http://www.learnhvac.org/
5. In the mechanical room
5
Boiler
Chiller
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
6. Heating
6
Also to radiators, terminal reheat, domestic hot water.
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
11. AHU - Economizer
11
Economizer mode: Using outside air for cooling rather than mechanical cooling.
Linked
Minimum in summer
More outside air in winter
55°F
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
12. AHU – Heating and Cooling
12
dehumidification
55°F
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
14. VAV
14
Two variables – Temperature & Air Volume
damper
The box you can see in
the hallway.
IF temperature too high
First reduce reheat till fully closed
Then increase air volume
IF temperature too low
First reduce air volume till minimum
Then start reheat
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
18. 18
The Real World
52°F
Chilled water is still used when outside air is far below 52F
Temperature increased after humidification.
Sensor error.
Separate control caused counteraction.
19. What we have learned?
19
What’s in the mechanical rooms.
What happens in air handling unit.
How VAV works.
What can happen in the real world.
The system that ensures the thermal comfort.
