Mission and operations planning (M&OP) is based on the commercial supply chain S&OP process and modified for use in planning and managing disaster response and humanitarian supply chains.

1. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 1
Logistics of Disaster Response
Michael Hugos – mhugos@scmglobe.com
Using Supply Chain Modeling and Simulation for
Disaster Response Mission & Operations Planning (M&OP)
Transportation Research Board Annual Conference 2017 - Session Nbr: P17-20648
Sponsored by:
• Standing Committee on the Logistics of
Disaster Response (ABR20)
• Standing Committee on Military
Transportation (ATO35)
• Standing Committee on Emergency
Evacuations (ABR30)

2. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 2
Model and Simulate any Supply Chain with Four Entities
• Define different combinations of products, facilities, vehicles and routes
• Place them on a map to create different supply chain models
Local Aid Station
Warehouse
Pre-positioned Products
Pre-positioned Products
Pre-positioned Products
Local Aid Station
Local Aid Station
Local Aid Station
Warehouse
Products – Facilities – Vehicles – Routes
Train
Large Truck
Medium
Truck
Depot

3. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 3
1.
Mission
Orders
2.
Demand
Planning
3.
Supply
Planning
4.
Reconcile
Plans
(Run Simulations)
5.
Implement
and Monitor
(Evaluate Options)
Every 15 days (or as needed)
Demand Plan:
- Product specs
- Facility demands
Supply Plan:
- Vehicle specs
- Delivery Routes
Logistics Plan:
Effective logistics
plan for 15+ days
• Based on supply chain S&OP process modified to fit
needs of humanitarian / disaster response missions
• CONOPS drives demand and supply planning
• Supply chain simulations show how well these plans work
• Use simulation results to adjust Supply Plan and Demand
Plan so product supply meets mission demand
CONOPS:
- Scope/Facilities
- Personnel
Operating Cost:
Operating budget
and performance
metrics
(Products, Facilities) (Vehicles, Routes)
SIMPLE 5-STEP PROCESS: Mission & Operations Planning
Supply Chain Modeling
& Simulation
Disaster response supply chain shown in this
presentation is from Nepal Earthquake in 2015

4. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 4
STEP 1. Mission Orders: Concept of Operations (CONOPS)
CONOPS shows:
• Which global logistics depots will send aid supplies to disaster area
• Initial number and locations of aid facilities in disaster area
• Organizations and number of personnel participating in the mission

5. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 5
STEP 2: Demand Planning: PRODUCTS and FACILITIES
• Finalize locations and specifications for facilities
• Assign activities and personnel to each facility
• Define demand for products at each facility
Zoom in and switch to
satellite view to see actual
facility and surrounding
terrain and roads
Use map view to see
locations for in country
facilities and distances
between facilities

6. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 6
STEP 2: Demand Planning: PRODUCTS – Data Needed
Ten Product Categories for Aid Supplies:
• Camp Management
• Construction
• Education
• Food
• Health
• Logistics
• Operations Support
• Protection
• Shelter
• Wash
PRODUCT Name Price Weight
(kg)
Size
(m3)
Define product
data at the
pallet quantity
level
Camp Mgmt
Construction
etc.
Define aid supply product categories needed for this disaster response

7. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 7
STEP 2. Demand Planning : FACILITIES – Data Needed
FACILITY Name Type Storage Rent Ops Cost
Define data for
each facility
Kathmandu
Babare
etc.
FACILITY -
PRODUCTS
Product
Name
Demand Production On-Hand
Define for each
product at
each facility
Construction
Food
etc.
• Kathmandu DC – 80 aid workers plus 1,000 - 2,000 refugees per day
• Babare Warehouse – 50 aid workers plus 1,000 - 2,000 refugees per day
• Charikot Warehouse – 60 aid workers plus 1,000 to 2,000 refugees per day
• Deurali Warehouse – 150 aid workers plus 3,000 - 6,000 refugees per day
• Dhading Warehouse – 65 aid workers plus 2,000 - 4,000 refugees per day
Define facilities and demand for products at each facility

8. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 8
STEP 3. Supply Planning : VEHICLES and ROUTES
• Decide how to use available vehicles to move products between facilities
• Define delivery schedules and routes for vehicles serving each facility

9. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 9
STEP 3. Supply Planning : VEHICLES – Data Needed
Civilian Vehicles:
• Large Trucks
• Medium Truck
• Buses
• Railroad Freight Containers
• Air Freight Container
• Other…
Military Vehicles:
• Medium Truck
• Tanker Truck
• Black Hawk Helicopter
• C-130 Transport Aircraft
• Other…
VEHICLE Name Type Carry
Volume
Max
Weight
Speed Ops Cost
per km
Delay -
Depart
Define
data for
each
vehicle
Large
Trucks
Railroad
Freight Ctr
etc.
Define vehicles used for delivering products to facilities

10. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 10
STEP 3. Supply Planning: ROUTES – Data Needed
ROUTE - PRODUCT Name Facility/Stop Drop Qty Pickup Qty
Define product drop qty
for each product at each
facility on a route
Food Babare
Shelter Charikot
etc.
ROUTE Name Vehicle Distance Time
Define vehicle
routes (each
vehicle has one
or more routes)
Kath – Babare Helicopters (calculated) (calculated)
Kath - Charikot Trucks - 20 (calculated) (calculated)
etc.
Delivery Routes and Vehicles:
• Kuala Lumpur – Kathmandu (air freight)
• Kuala Lumpur – Kolkata (ocean freight)
• Kolkata – Kathmandu (large trucks)
• Brindisi – Kathmandu (air freight)
• Shanghai – Kathmandu (air freight)
• Kathmandu – Babare (helicopters)
• Kathmandu – Charikot (trucks)
• Kathmandu – Deurali (trucks)
• Kathmandu – Dhading (trucks and helos)
Define vehicle delivery routes and products to drop off and pick up at each facility

11. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 11
STEP 4. Reconcile Plans: Build Supply Chain Model
• Demand Plan provides data for: 1) PRODUCTS; 2) FACILITIES and product demand
• Supply Plan provides data for: 3) VEHICLES; and 4) ROUTES and product delivery qty
• Use this data to build initial supply chain model for disaster response mission

12. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 12
STEP 4. Reconcile Plans: Run Simulations – Fix Problems
• Simulate operations of the supply chain to find and fix points of failure
• Explore different options, make adjustments so supply chain runs for 15+ days
• Supply chain model that works best in simulations becomes operating plan

13. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 13
STEP 5: Implement and Monitor: Collaboration
• Cloud-based collaboration platform accessible to all (PCs, laptops, Internet)
• Real-time visibility of problems as they arise, drives consensus and effective action
• Data collection from participant organization computer systems and mobile devices
• Map-based user interface to organize streams of data - Situational Awareness

14. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 14
STEP 5. Implement and Monitor: Operations
Monitor events and
update supply chain
model based on new
data from field
operations
Continue planning
and simulating
responses to new
situations as mission
unfolds
(back to STEP 1)

15. SCM Globe (www.scmglobe.com) 15
Supply Chain Modeling and Simulation
Learn more about disaster response supply chains and simulations on SCM Globe website:
• Nepal Earthquake Disaster - http://blog.scmglobe.com/?page_id=5137
• Central European Flooding Disaster – http://blog.scmglobe.com/?page_id=2588
• Syria Evacuation Scenario - http://blog.scmglobe.com/?page_id=4672