This essay discusses the development of human rights policy in the European Union from its early beginnings to the establishment of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in 2000. It outlines how the European Court of Justice played a key role in establishing an internal human rights framework through its case law, granting direct effect and supremacy to EU law over national laws. Externally, the EU focused on promoting human rights through cooperation with the Council of Europe and conditioning aid on rights compliance. The essay then analyzes four landmark court cases from the 1960s-1980s to assess the effectiveness of the evolving human rights policy.
Based on Arendt’s analysis of human rights, do you think human rig.docxjasoninnes20
Based on Arendt’s analysis of human rights, do you think human rights are
sufficient for protecting vulnerable populations including refugees illegal
immigrants, and people forced into exile? What are some of Arendt’s reasons? Use a current event to explain your analysis.
YOU SHOULD READ THE LECTURE FIRST
For more detail
WhatsApp: +15412856343
Human Rights /
Humans as Political Beings
Lecture 2.4
Natural Rights, Civil Rights, Human Rights
So far, in this unit of the course, the notion of
“rights” has come up several times. Both Hobbes,
Locke, and Mills discuss rights in some way.
As you may recall, Hobbes defines right as a type of
liberty, the freedom to do something without
impediment. Both Hobbes and Locke believe that
humans have natural rights, that is inherent
freedoms that they are endowed with by nature. In
other words, because humans and the world are
they way they are, humans come with pre-given
rights. For Hobbes the principle right held by
humans was to do whatever it takes to survive. For
Locke it was to defend one’s property (including
one’s life).
For Hobbes, when humans enter a social contract
and form a government with laws, they give up
their natural rights. For Locke, the institution of
government provides a way of guaranteeing one’s
natural rights by codifying those rights into law. When
a sovereign power establishes rights for its citizens
and laws for protecting those rights, we get civil
rights.
Natural rights apply in the state of nature while civil
rights apply in civilization. Human rights refer to
those rights which humans hold simply because they
are human. Such rights are closer in kind to natural
rights, but are often reflected in civil rights.
The notion of human rights gets invoked frequently in
discussions of violations of human dignity and ethics.
But where do human rights come from? Are they
real? Who guarantees them? How effective are
they in protecting vulnerable people? Do
other-than-human beings have rights, too?
Amartya Sen, 1933 -
Sen was born in West Bengal India in 1933. He
received is B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. in Economics at
Trinity College in Cambridge, England. His research
has included topics such as social choice theory,
economic theory, ethics and political philosophy,
welfare economics, theory of measurement,
decision theory, development economics, public
health, and gender studies. His interest in global
welfare and human rights was partly inspired by his
experience of witnessing famine in India.
Sen has served on various economic advisory
boards including the American Economic
Association. He has also received numerous awards
for his work, the most prestigious of which was the
Nobel Prize in economics.
Sen currently teaches at Harvard University.
Hannah Arendt,
1906-1975
Arendt was born in Linden, Germany in 1906 to a Jewish
family. She studied under the German philosophers
Martin Heidegg ...
Week 1 What is Global Social JusticeIntroductionSimply put, .docxcelenarouzie
Week 1: What is Global Social Justice?
Introduction
Simply put, social justice is the concept of a "just" society based on a foundation of human rights. Most agree with the idea of basic human rights for all, yet, the nature of human rights varies dramatically around the world. When you consider social justice on a global level, think about the challenge of achieving a "just" society for every human being. What is considered "right" or "just" for all? Is it possible to have a universal acceptance of one interpretation of social justice?
This week you consider varied interpretations of social justice. You explore classic documents and analyze them for Western bias and universal applicability. Finally, you explain your personal ideology regarding social justice.
Learning Resources
Please read and view (where applicable) the following Learning Resources before you complete this week's assignments.
· Enter your MyWalden user name: ([email protected]) and password (3#icldyoB1) at the prompt. (if necessary)
Readings
· Book Excerpt: Wronka, J. M. (2008). Chapter 2: Before and beyond the universal declaration of human rights. In Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. 43–65). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Book Excerpt: Gil, David G. (2008). Foreword. In J. M. Wronka, Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. xvii–xviii). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Book Excerpt: Wronka, J. M. (2008). Part I: Human rights as the bedrock of social justice. In Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. 5–36). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Book Excerpt: Wronka, J. M. (2008). Preface. In Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. xix–xxiii). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Article: The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. (1789). Thebill of rights. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html
· Article: Roosevelt, F.D. (1944). The economic bill of rights. Franklin D. Roosevelt American Heritage Center Museum. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http://www.fdrheritage.org/bill_of_rights.htm
· Article: United Nations, International Forum for Social Development. (2006). Dimensions of international justice and social justice. In Social justice in an open world: The role of the United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/ifsd/SocialJustice.pdf
· Article: United Nations. (1948). The universal declaration of human rights. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
Media
· Interactive Map: Social Justice Issues
Transcripts of the Interactive Map, "Social Justice Issues," are available at the following links:
IntroductionHuman Rights ViolationsCausesInterventionsSocial Justice Outcomes
.
Based on Arendt’s analysis of human rights, do you think human rig.docxjasoninnes20
Based on Arendt’s analysis of human rights, do you think human rights are
sufficient for protecting vulnerable populations including refugees illegal
immigrants, and people forced into exile? What are some of Arendt’s reasons? Use a current event to explain your analysis.
YOU SHOULD READ THE LECTURE FIRST
For more detail
WhatsApp: +15412856343
Human Rights /
Humans as Political Beings
Lecture 2.4
Natural Rights, Civil Rights, Human Rights
So far, in this unit of the course, the notion of
“rights” has come up several times. Both Hobbes,
Locke, and Mills discuss rights in some way.
As you may recall, Hobbes defines right as a type of
liberty, the freedom to do something without
impediment. Both Hobbes and Locke believe that
humans have natural rights, that is inherent
freedoms that they are endowed with by nature. In
other words, because humans and the world are
they way they are, humans come with pre-given
rights. For Hobbes the principle right held by
humans was to do whatever it takes to survive. For
Locke it was to defend one’s property (including
one’s life).
For Hobbes, when humans enter a social contract
and form a government with laws, they give up
their natural rights. For Locke, the institution of
government provides a way of guaranteeing one’s
natural rights by codifying those rights into law. When
a sovereign power establishes rights for its citizens
and laws for protecting those rights, we get civil
rights.
Natural rights apply in the state of nature while civil
rights apply in civilization. Human rights refer to
those rights which humans hold simply because they
are human. Such rights are closer in kind to natural
rights, but are often reflected in civil rights.
The notion of human rights gets invoked frequently in
discussions of violations of human dignity and ethics.
But where do human rights come from? Are they
real? Who guarantees them? How effective are
they in protecting vulnerable people? Do
other-than-human beings have rights, too?
Amartya Sen, 1933 -
Sen was born in West Bengal India in 1933. He
received is B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. in Economics at
Trinity College in Cambridge, England. His research
has included topics such as social choice theory,
economic theory, ethics and political philosophy,
welfare economics, theory of measurement,
decision theory, development economics, public
health, and gender studies. His interest in global
welfare and human rights was partly inspired by his
experience of witnessing famine in India.
Sen has served on various economic advisory
boards including the American Economic
Association. He has also received numerous awards
for his work, the most prestigious of which was the
Nobel Prize in economics.
Sen currently teaches at Harvard University.
Hannah Arendt,
1906-1975
Arendt was born in Linden, Germany in 1906 to a Jewish
family. She studied under the German philosophers
Martin Heidegg ...
Week 1 What is Global Social JusticeIntroductionSimply put, .docxcelenarouzie
Week 1: What is Global Social Justice?
Introduction
Simply put, social justice is the concept of a "just" society based on a foundation of human rights. Most agree with the idea of basic human rights for all, yet, the nature of human rights varies dramatically around the world. When you consider social justice on a global level, think about the challenge of achieving a "just" society for every human being. What is considered "right" or "just" for all? Is it possible to have a universal acceptance of one interpretation of social justice?
This week you consider varied interpretations of social justice. You explore classic documents and analyze them for Western bias and universal applicability. Finally, you explain your personal ideology regarding social justice.
Learning Resources
Please read and view (where applicable) the following Learning Resources before you complete this week's assignments.
· Enter your MyWalden user name: ([email protected]) and password (3#icldyoB1) at the prompt. (if necessary)
Readings
· Book Excerpt: Wronka, J. M. (2008). Chapter 2: Before and beyond the universal declaration of human rights. In Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. 43–65). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Book Excerpt: Gil, David G. (2008). Foreword. In J. M. Wronka, Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. xvii–xviii). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Book Excerpt: Wronka, J. M. (2008). Part I: Human rights as the bedrock of social justice. In Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. 5–36). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Book Excerpt: Wronka, J. M. (2008). Preface. In Human rights and social justice: Social action and service for the helping and health professions (pp. xix–xxiii). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
· Article: The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. (1789). Thebill of rights. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html
· Article: Roosevelt, F.D. (1944). The economic bill of rights. Franklin D. Roosevelt American Heritage Center Museum. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http://www.fdrheritage.org/bill_of_rights.htm
· Article: United Nations, International Forum for Social Development. (2006). Dimensions of international justice and social justice. In Social justice in an open world: The role of the United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/ifsd/SocialJustice.pdf
· Article: United Nations. (1948). The universal declaration of human rights. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
Media
· Interactive Map: Social Justice Issues
Transcripts of the Interactive Map, "Social Justice Issues," are available at the following links:
IntroductionHuman Rights ViolationsCausesInterventionsSocial Justice Outcomes
.
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Human Right Essay
1. Human Rights In America Essay
Authors have a unique way of showing human right issues in a novel, deportation, child labor, and
war, are all real–life events that played a huge role on the United states, your eyes really open to a
whole new world just by reading. "when I understand my enemy well enough to defeat him, then in
that moment, I also love him." There is a point in everyone's life when you have an issue that you
just think about and you start to care about it, that's just what Ender's game did for me.
So, open a book and discover a whole new learning of human rights issues around the world. 

How would you feel if you come home from school and no one is home, you wait countless hours
and still nobody shows up? Deportation has caused heartbreaking moments for people all around the
globe. A mother that was deported from her...show more content...
European headquarters by 11–year–old Basudev Bhattarai, a former domestic servant from Nepal.
"Child labor is an issue that in some places still needs to be stopped. "The labor organization has
called for new international legal standards on child labor that would halt slavery and slavery–like
practices, forced labor and debt bondage. The standards also would prevent children from being
used in prostitution and pornography or any activity likely to jeopardize their health or morals."
Throughout the years, children were like puppets, cruel people would control them. Being at such a
young age, children didn't know any better. This was known as Child labor. "ILO surveys have
found that one–quarter of all children ages 5–14 are working, with many of them doing hazardous
jobs." Due to child labor, Ender was a six–year–old boy was taken into battle school, where he
would kill buggers to save the world. There are much older and experienced people on the planet,
why use kids? Children are so young and don't know any better, they are brain washing them into
thinking what is
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
2. Human Dignity And Human Rights Essay
HUMAN DIGNITY AND HUMAN RIGHTSHuman rights rest on human dignity. The dignity of
man is an ideal worth fighting for and worth dying for.
–Robert Maynard
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This paper is a study of human dignity and the judicial interpretation of Article 21 of the Indian
jurisdiction. This paper comprehensively examines the theories of philosophers in respect to human
dignity and human rights. Chapter I deal with the introductory part of human dignity. In this chapter,
an attempt is being made to trace the significance of human dignity with respect of human rights and
the obligations of states which have to be combined with a recovery of truly democratic states.
Chapter II of the paper explores the theories of philosophers and the development of the rights and
the role of dignity. In Chapter III we will observe the provisions of Article 21 of the Indian
constitution and I would argue in favor of the right to live with human dignity and how human
dignity is a dear value of our constitution by discussing some related cases. In Chapter IV we will
discuss the interpretation of dignity by various international institutions as the human dignity is not
only a fundamental right in itself, but it is also the rights in international law as well. Further, this
paper concludes by justifying the creativity of the Indian judiciary that has preserved the basic
human dignity and human rights of the citizens.
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
3. Universal Nature Of Human Rights Essay
A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE UNIVERSAL NATURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
INTRODUCTION
Human Rights are the rights, that are considered to be inalienable, inseparable and vested upon
individual by virtue of being human. For example, the Oxford English Dictionary defined the
universal nature of Human Rights as 'a right which is believed to belong to every person'.
The aim of this essay is to critically evaluate the universal and relative nature of human rights
postulated by the eminent scholars, who have argued on both the sides to arrive at a conclusion,
whether the rights stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human rights are universal, relative or
both. The idea behind this essay is to neutralize the interest of both the scholars.
CONCEPT OF UNIVERSALITY
The notion of universality of human rights is considered to play a significant role, as human rights
are held 'universally' by all human beings. According to Jack Donnelly, 'human rights are inviolable
rights and are backed by world powers in international society'. Donnelly defends conceptual
universality by stating that human rights are equal and inalienable by its definition, despite of the
fact that there is no such evidence which shows that conceptual universality really exits. However,
According to Goodhart, the question of 'substantial universality' of the rights mentioned in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights remains to be a major concern. Whereas, Goodhart shares
his opinion by expressing that, 'human
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
4. Human Rights And Its Impact On Society Essay
Human rights had an and still is a huge impact to everybody live and to society as a whole without
everybody realizing it.Imagine what would happen if we did not had human rights at all, I can see
it, imagine a world where racism prevented interracial couple from being together just because of the
color of their skins.How religion and personal belife can prevented people from working together
and expercing something new as a whole.When how someone gender will pervent them from helping
or doing something.In which it is perventing society from growing as a whole.In my honest opinon
without human rights we showing that we do not see each as a living being as wells as showing
that we are worst then cavemen back then. Human rights is specify as the right that belong to all
human being whatever race,gender,religious beliefs,ethnic origins and other status.This idea was
used to protect people from the law and from other.But the idea was officially created as the
universal idea of human right was created in December 10, 1948 by United Nation after world war 2
in Paris,France.The universal idea of human right is an international agreement on how humans
should be treated.
In which contains 30 articles that was the mandatory rule to follow for each member of each nation.
The main reason why the universal idea of human right was created is because during world war 2 in
the Holocaust the German was doing inhuman experiment and many other things to the Jewish
people in the
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
5. Human Rights And Social Work
Starting with Jane Adams in the early 20th century, human rights were at the forefront of her work
with the Hull House which helped establish the social work profession as we know it (Healy, 2008).
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the values set and regulated by the NASW share a
common theme focusing on, dignity, self–determination, and improving the quality of life for
everyone. Social workers are on the forefront of advocating for, and creating social change, and
justice (NASW, 2015). Social work constantly challenges racism, discrimination and the inhumane
treatment of vulnerable people.
Internationally the social work profession attempts to link vulnerable populations with basic needs
like, food, healthcare, housing, and equality all which reflect article 25 of the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights (United Nations, 2014). Social workers wear many hats, and have established roles
in many institutions like hospitals, schools, nursing homes, acting as liaisons between the
establishments and individuals who seek their services (Reichert, 2007).
2. What social work practices might constrain human rights?
The Social work is a profession not only rewards merit, but there is also a monetary gain. The
majority of qualified social workers are employed by local government agencies which can create a
conflict of interest because of their obligation, and commitment to their employer. The government
agencies have their own political and financial agenda that can be
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
6. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Essay
On December 10th in 1948, the general assembly adopted a Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
This declaration, although not legally binding, created "a common standard of achievement of all
people and all nations...to promote respect for those rights and freedoms" (Goodhart, 379). However,
many cultures assert that the human rights policies outlined in the declaration undermine cultural
beliefs and practices. This assertion makes the search for universal human rights very difficult to
achieve. I would like to focus on articles 3, 14 and 25 to address how these articles could be
modified to incorporate cultural differences, without completely undermining the search for human
rights practices.
Article 3, of the Universal Declaration of...show more content...
When alerting the international human rights policies, it is integral that the language used to create
the articles is concise and defined; leaving no room for interpretation based on cultural differences.
Article 25, in the Declaration of Human Rights, states "every human has the right to a standard of
living adequate for the health and well–being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing,
housing and medical care and necessary social services" (Goodhart, 380). Article 25 could create
disputes surrounding cultural structures, such as caste systems in India. Supporters of the caste
system could argue that individuals are born into their positions and according to their beliefs are
not entitled to a "specific" standard of living. However, I argue that when this cultural belief is
applied to Article 25 it is a radical perspective. The provisions outlined in Article 25 allow for
social classes and inequalities to occur. Therefore, the culturally ingrained caste systems in India
can still function, as long as the lowest class is provided with a standard of living necessary to
survive. I argue that Article 25 is a human right, and cultures who do not wish to abide by this
specific human right are using culture as an excuse for repression.
The other article that I would like to address in relation to human rights and cultural differences is
Article 14. This article deals with refugees seeking asylum in another country. Article 14 states that
Get more content on HelpWriting.net
7. Is Water a Human Right?
Is Water a Human Right? by GARRETT HEANEY
"Access to safe water is a fundamental human need and, therefore, a basic human right.
Contaminated water jeopardizes both the physical and social health of all people. It is an affront to
human dignity." – Kofi Annan, prior United Nations Secretary–General
... If only the issue of water as a human right was as simple as Kofi Annan's perspective.
A world where humans have a well defined set of undeniable rights is an important goal for this
generation. But aside from rights, the human race has a more dire set of biological needs that it
must secure in order to survive. When someone is denied a right, they suffer. When someone is
denied a need, they die.
Air, food and water are the most...show more content...
If they were, there would be no water crises. That is an important realization for all humans –
governments are not always capable of solving problems.
Legislative lessons
In research, we reviewed national laws and the constitutions of countries across the world, to
determine how successful governments were in both acknowledging a human right to water, and
enforcing it. Our findings varied, and rather than creating a comprehensive list of water laws by
country, I will refer you to The Water Law and Standards Website– a joint project of the United
Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO),
located at www.waterlawandstandards.org. This is a searchable database of specific water laws by
individual country or by region, with the ability to tailor search results to varying degrees of detail,
including direct quotations from parliamentary and constitutional frameworks.
What we gained from this research was not a thorough understanding of the legislative measures that
governments are taking to provide water to the citizens within their borders. Rather, we learned the
general lesson that governments, regardless of their resources or political structure, are not the most
reliable or capable entities to provide for human beings
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8. Human Right Essay
Human Rights Study Questions 1. Under the heading "Labour Rights as Human Rights" on page
134 of reading 1 ("Labour Rights as Human Rights in the Age of Globalization"), the authors
assert that "there are two principal manners to conceive of labour rights." In the two paragraphs
which immediately follow that statement, the authors list different rights that are encompassed
under each of these two approaches. Please identify FOUR kinds of labour rights emphasized
under the first approach, and FOUR kinds of labour rights included under the second approach.
(W1) First Principle: Labour rights are often depicted as a subset of the body of civil rights and
political freedoms. The state's role in defending worker's rights, but workers also...show more
content...
(W6) a) 'administrative detention' also known as preventative detention, is the imprisonment of
individuals by the executive without charge or trial using administrative rather judicial procedures.
b) 5 distinct criticisms of administrative detention: i) The individual has no absolute right to consult
a lawyer before or during interrogation ii) They are subjected to psychological or physical
ill–treatment, even torture iii) No right to to an independent registered doctor iv) There is no
legal requirement to provide an interpreter v) Bail applications are very rarely successful; the
general rule applied in security cases is that persons awaiting trial shall be detained in custody. 7.
Explain what happened in the My Lai Massacre, as reported on page 172 of reading 16 ("War
Crimes"). Then describe FOUR different reasons from amongst several presented in the reading,
that were used to defend or downplay the actions of Lt. William Calley and the men under his
command. (W7) What happened in the My Lai Massacre from p. 172 The massacre began in 1968
when 105 American soldiers of Charlie Company entered Son My ( small village known to them as
My Lai and thought to be the base of the 48th Viet Cong Local Forces Battalion) on the south coast
of Vietnam. Calley and his men slaughtered 500 unarmed
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9. Human Rights: The Bill of Rights
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, no matter our nationality, where we live,
gender, ethnic or national origin, race, religion, language, or any kind of status. We are all equally
permitted to our human rights without prejudice. These rights are all unified, interdependent and
undividable. Human rights are often conveyed and certified by law, in the manner of treaties,
conventional international law, general principles and other basis of international law. Human rights
laws place obligations of Governments to take action in certain ways or to avoid doing particular
acts, in order to endorse and protect human rights and essential freedoms of individuals or groups.
Human rights however come with responsibly.
Despite all the laws that enforce human rights, I however feel that not all of them are fair and
equally applied to everybody. "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person." In
2012, a total of 47 protestors were killed by police in the Lonmin's Marikana strike. At least 78
additional workers were also injured. This was the single most use of force by South African
security forces against civilians since 1960. In this case, the rights to life and security are being
misused because innocent people's lives are being taken away by other people who are violating
their security and well being. These people are being put under threat and they are not being
protected by the Human rights as they should.
"Everyone has the right to health
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10. Essay on Human Rights in the European Union
Introduction
The development of a human rights policy in the EU has been a long and often undocumented
journey. The sectoral approach of the Paris Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel
Community (ECSC) in 1951 had an economic and functional intention, lacking a declaration of
fundamental rights, as seen in national constitutions. It was not until the 2000 Nice Summit that the
European Union first established a written charter, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, explicitly
stating and guaranteeing human rights in the European Union. Documented EU human rights policy
before 2000 can be seen primarily in two ways:
1. Internally, through case–law from the European Court of Justice (ECJ)
2. Externally,...show more content...
Based on analysis from these four cases, conclusions regarding the effectiveness of human rights
policy will be discussed.
Background of EU Human Rights Policy
European Court of Justice
The legitimacy of the ECJ to uphold EU legislation is a necessary component of effective human
rights policy. The history of its increase in power is worth noting. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s,
the ECJ's location in Luxembourg, far from the political fray in Brussels and Strasburg, prevented it
from becoming a strong body of the EU. Yet, throughout that time the court methodically built
case–law that would lead to its surge in influence in the 1980s. The two most significant
developments of the court during this time period were direct effect and supremacy. These twin
pillars clarified the relationship between the national and EU legal orders.
The landmark decision involving direct effect occurred in 1963 in a case called Van Gend en Loos.
In the case, a Dutch transport firm brought a complaint against Dutch customs for increasing the
duty on a product imported from Germany. The firm argued that the Dutch authorities had breached
a clause in the original EU treaty, which prohibited member states from introducing new duties in the
common market. The Court agreed with the firm and declared that any "unconditionally worded
treaty provision being self sufficient and legally complete" did not require
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11. Human Rights And Its Effects On Society Essay
Human Rights is one of the most fundamental rights individuals should have in society. As
individuals, it's our natural right to have the right to life. No one should be executed or discriminated
because they do not fit in certain characteristics that those that are superior have outlined as fit for
society. Many countries suffer from the lack of protecting their citizens' human rights. For instance,
citizens have been executed and discriminated because of their gender, race, and religion affiliations,
which is unjust. Individuals have lost their lives because of not having their country making sure
their right to life and freedom does not get taking away. For instance, the persecution of the Jews by
the Nazi's, many of them lost their life because of a lack of human right to protect them from being
executed without a logic purpose. As a society we can not construct some criteria as to whom can
have human rights and those that cannot. Society is not supposing to be built on unjust acts against
those in society. As individuals, everyone should be able to live in a more just and humane society.
This paper will focus on the human rights and exactly what is human rights. In addition, explore the
genocide that happens under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, which resulted in millions of Jews lives
being taken away and trying to cause extinction to the European Jewish community. In addition,
focus on the aftermath of educating individuals about human rights after the historical
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12. Reflection on Human Rights
Yasmin CastaГ±eda
Dr. Loskot
PHIL 201
October 29th, 2012
Reflective Essay on Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Every single human being on this planet has rights. These rights are given to us through birth, and
the day I was asked, what my human rights were, I found myself speechless. I did not know how to
answer the question, which at the time sounded so easy. I forgot about the question that had me so
puzzled, and just brushed it off, ironically six month later I get an assignment on the United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After reading this historic document, I realized how
important human rights are. I believe most people take human rights for granted, we know they
exist, but we don't even know what they are...show more content...
The Declaration is an optimal model of the mutual relations of the country and the personality. The
rights and the freedoms of the citizens, and also their duties are an important social and political
institution. The Declaration unites all the listed above elements into a legal international control of
the defense of human rights becoming an essential socio–political document ever signed for the
protection of the world.
"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and
conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." These opening words of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights express a concept of man which underpins the
framework of human rights embodied in the Universal Declaration and the two international
covenants of Human Rights. Western political traditions is a concept that it derives from, is in
harmony with moral and social teachings to be found in many other traditions and patterns of belief.
References
Feldman, Jean–Philippe. "Hayek's Critique Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights".
Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, Volume 9, Issue 4 (December 1999): 1145–6396.
Glendon, Mary Ann (2002). A world made new: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. Random House. ISBN
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14. Human Rights : Internet Access Is A Human Right
Internet Access is a Human Right
Nowadays, technology takes a big place in our daily life. It is making our life comfortable. In the
past time, people spent a lot of time, money, and resources to communicate related to their
distance. That was traditional in their way of life. But now, we can communicate easily via verbal,
face to face, and text message with in a second. We can get a job easily and any information
without losing our resource. This makes our lives easier. One of the best mechanism to make easy
our life is Internet. Internet is the intercommunication of networks using standard communication
protocol. This global network is one of the way expressing speech of people. In some countries,
people don't have the right of free speech. Some people agree that people should have the right to
free speech. Therefore, universal internet access should be a human right.
In the article "Human Rights" from the Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, from 2017, it
explains a lot of information like human rights violation in history, history of human right reform,
efforts, and supporter of Human Rights. According to the article human rights were first seen King
Cyrus Human Rights are the rights we get as a human being regardless of sex, culture, religion,
ethnicity, physical appearance, and age. According to the article "Human Rights," the Atlantic Slave
Trade involved the force migration of millions of Africa men and women as a slave. While this
represented great progress
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15. Are Human Rights Universal? Essay
The doctrine of human rights were created to protect every single human regardless of race, gender,
sex, nationality, sexual orientation and other differences. It is based on human dignity and the belief
that no one has the right to take this away from another human being. The doctrine states that every
'man' has inalienable rights of equality, but is this true? Arehuman rights universal? Whether human
rights are universal has been debated for decades. There have been individuals and even countries
that oppose the idea that human rights are for everybody. This argument shall be investigated in this
essay, by: exploring definitions and history on human rights, debating on whether it is universal
while providing examples and background...show more content...
However, this is debated which I will go into more detail later on. It had the inspiration to promote
friendly relations between nations and it is emphasised that all nations should cooperate. Though,
this can be said to be naive as to go as far to declare that all countries abide by the Declaration and
that it is universal is mistaken. What does it mean to be universal? The concept believes that human
rights belong to all human being and that it is fundamental and essential to every type of society.
Those who disagree that human rights are universal believe that human rights are based on your
culture, it has to be understood that a right for one group maybe outright intolerable to members of
another group. Human rights are being viewed as being too 'Western' and representing specific
cultural norms and belief system of some cultures and societies rather than all. This is the cultural
relativist argument, the belief that human rights cannot be applied to non–Western nations. The
belief has been endorsed by many political leaders, Singapore's former Prime Minister Lee Kuan
Yew suggested that the 'Western concepts of democracy and human rights will not work in Asia, by
explaining that the West is too individualistic compared to family–orientated Asia. 'What Asians
value may not necessarily be what Americans or Europeans value? Westerners value the freedoms
and liberties of the individual. As an Asian of Chinese cultural background, my values are for a
government which is
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16. Human Rights Reflection
Human Rights in today's society in the theme I have chosen to focus this reflective writing piece.
The Business Dictionary (2017) defines Human Rights as "The fundamental rights that humans have
by the fact of being human, and that are neither created nor can be abrogated by any government".
Firstly this refection will centre around my personal understanding of how Human Rights are related
to my core values, beliefs and identity in today's society. Secondly, I will look into issues
surrounding Human Rights and how these rights impact today's world. Lastly, this reflection will
discuss how Event Management, my discipline is affected by the Human rights.
Firstly, to me Human rights gives every person the right to existence on earth, more specifically
meaning that 'Under the Declaration of Human rights' any person has the right to life, equality,
liberty, education, religion of their chose, freedom of speech, security of one's person and the
right to a nationality just to name a few (Universal Declaration of human rights, 1948). However,
in countless places around the world, people continue to suffer from Human rights abuses and are
not receiving the respect that the Human right sort to provide (Gerber & Gory, 2014). For me
personally, I have never face any true abuses of my Human rights, as I have lived a very sheltered
life and the Values and beliefs I have grown up around, have lead me to live in a way where I
respect others and treat them how I myself would want to be treated. Before taking this culture
and society class I had never seen the declaration itself and never read the full 30 articles that it
consists of. Nonetheless, the values and beliefs that I held lead me to live by these human rights
without even reading them. In spite of this I have come to learn that not everyone receives the
same rights that should apply to everyone, anywhere despite their age, gender, nationality, religion
or ethnicity, the purpose of these rights were to provide a universal understanding of what every
person's rights are, then forming a world built on peace, justice and freedom for all(Universal
Declaration of human rights, 1948). Because these rights are not legally binding, people do not
actually have to abide by
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17. Health Is A Human Right Essay
Health, by definition, is the condition of one's physical and mental being. Conditions of health as of
now are varying around the world due to the fact that not everyone is being accounted for when it
comes to their health. The countries' reasons for the faltering conditions can be due to the lack of
knowledge and resources in healthcare or the financial status of the countries do not allow the
government to provide healthcare to their citizens. This leaves different citizens of these countries
only being able to base the wellbeing of their health on faith, hope and luck which in turn will affect
the emotional state in these poorly–provided homes. Although some countries are not advanced
enough in the health field to provide for their citizens, health is a human right that should be given
worldwide due to the fact all are human beings inhabiting planet Earth.
To understand what the residents of these different countries endure, one must know what exactly is
health and what it includes. Health is not only medical–related such as immunizations or vaccines. It
also includes things such as living conditions, quality of food, cleanliness of water, and clearness of
air. Living conditions refer to the level of health the environment provides meaning the living space
cannot be contaminated in any way. For example, if a house contains a poisonous fungus, the area
should be considered as polluted and not fit to live in. An unhealthy living space can open a plethora
of health
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18. Education Is A Basic Human Right
Introduction:
Education is a basic human right and it has been designed to be important for our future and social
status. Education in the long term has designed us and how the world is functioning today.
Education is obviously a good thing, the world wouldn't be as sophisticated and advanced without
the foundation of education, but in saying that there are aspects of education that are taught that can
be considered to be flawed. In our personal life we have found that English being compulsory
worldwide, the choice of science over liberal arts and selective history are design consequences of
education. Looking back at history; modernity, colonialism and Eurocentrism has a clear impact on
these consequences.
Art has always been part of my life, especially when in school. I wanted my subjects to be art based,
but much to my disappointment the three different schools I went to just did not offer this. Three
different schools, in a different country and in different states, same predicament. They were mainly
focused on science and mathematics. The S.T.E.M education system: science, technology,
engineering and mathematics. Art just is not considered as 'smart' like physics, calculus or
chemistry. Students who do these subjects are more often than not considered to be promising
intellectuals, whereas artistic students are seen as lazy and not doing anything promising with their
life. In my experience, I had a much wider selection of arts and creative subjects during school and it
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19. Human Rights : An Essential Human Right
Human rights are basic human rights that you are entitled to because you're human (the
minimum). According to the United Nations the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) states that everyone of us is born equal and free regardless of nationality, place of
residence, gender, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language or other status (UDHR). The
freedom to food and shelter is an essential human right because everyone should have the right to
have enough food and shelter without these basic necessities your life is on the line. The right to
no torture is an extremely important human right even in this day in age people are being tortured
and suffering brutality. Never should it be justifiable to torture someone. We are all born equals
and free I cannot emphasize how much this is important. No one should be discriminated against;
no one is better than anyone else we need to treat each other with dignity and respect. The right to
play is significantly important everyone deserves time off from his or her busy and hectic lives
.We all need time to rest and have some free time. The right to education is extremely crucial no one
should ever be denied their education. There is a gap between the theory and reality of human rights
because in countries around the world peoples lives are threaten because of who they are and what
they believe in such as religion, sex, economic status, sexual orientation origin etc (Amnesty
International). There is not one single global
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20. What Are Human Rights? Essay
The rights you have simply because you are human
Every single human being on this planet has rights (What Are Human Rights, n.d). These rights are
given to us through birth, and the day I was asked, what my human rights were, I found myself
speechless. I did not know how to answer the question, which at the time sounded so easy. I forgot
about the question that had me so puzzled, and just brushed it off, ironically six month later I get an
assignment on the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After reading this historic
document, I realized how important human rights are. I believe most people take human rights for
granted, we know they exist, but we don't even know what they are and what they entail. This made
me think...show more content...
After World War II, the document called "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" with the
thirty rights (articles) to which all people are authorized to have(UDHR, 1948). The idea of "The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights" was to describe in detail the rights that all people were
entitled to in the world, in hopes to preventing anymore wars like the two world wars, which
resulted in millions of people's deaths and destruction of many countries(UDHR, 1948). The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights was accepted around the world as the document which
defined the thirty rights that all people where entitled to, no matter where you were from, lived,
born or did(UDHR, 1948).
It seems as if many organizations have in some way adapted to the principles of the United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, this is evident at "Saint Leo University". Saint Leo
University has incorporated six core values into the heart of the Universities community. These core
values are Excellence, Community, Respect, Personal Development, Responsible Stewardship, and
Integrity(Saint Leo University, n.d). While evaluating these core values, I thought to myself, what
do any of these values have to do with the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
While I'm sure this can be a debatable subject, I feel that two out of the six
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