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human-reoroductive- system ppt for gen b
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- 2. Animals, alongside plants, are among themost successful organisms on the planet due to the diversity of their adaptations. 2
- 3. The alternation between the reproductionand development in animals significantly contributes to their survival for many generations. 3
- 4. Diverse forms of reproductive mechanismsexist in the animal kingdom, all of which allows the next generations to inherit the genetic material of the species. 4
- 5. 5 General Animal LifeCycle Embryo Zygote Young Gametes Adult Embryogenesis Organogenesis Maturation Gametogenesis Fertilization
- 6. 6 General Animal LifeCycle Embryogenesis Gametogenesis Maturation Organogenesis Fertilization
- 7. 7 Metamorphosis: Atlas moth(Attacus sp.) Metamorphosis is a feature in some organisms that involves a rapid change from an immature larvae and juvenile to a sexually mature adult. Larva Adult
- 8. 8 Metamorphosis: Sea stars Metamorphosisis a feature in some organisms that involves a rapid change from an immature larvae and juvenile to a sexually mature adult. Juvenile Adult
- 9. 9 Metamorphosis: Lady bugs LarvaAdult Metamorphosis is a feature in some organisms that involves a rapid change from an immature larvae and juvenile to a sexually mature adult.
- 10. 10 Complete Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)is characterized by distinct larval and pupal stages.
- 11. 11 Complete Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)is characterized by distinct larval and pupal stages. The larval stage does not resemble the adult individual.
- 12. 12 Complete Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)is characterized by distinct larval and pupal stages. The larval stage does not resemble the adult individual. The larval stages also undergo several molting stages.
- 13. 13 Complete Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)is characterized by distinct larval and pupal stages. The larval stage does not resemble the adult individual. The larval stages also undergo several molting stages. The pupa stage is a period when drastic changes occur.
- 14. 14 Complete Metamorphosis European StagBeetle (Lucanus cervus) Larva Pupa Adult
- 15. 15 Complete Metamorphosis Mosquito (Aedesalbopictus) Larva Pupa Adult
- 16. 16 Complete Metamorphosis Monarch Butterfly(Danaus plexippus) Larva Early pupa Late pupa Adult
- 17. 17 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Hemimetabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (hemimetabolous) is characterized by an aquatic juvenile stage.
- 18. 18 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Hemimetabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (hemimetabolous) is characterized by an aquatic juvenile stage. The larval stage somehow resembles the adult stage.
- 19. 19 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Hemimetabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (hemimetabolous) is characterized by an aquatic juvenile stage. The larval stage somehow resembles the adult stage. The larval stages also undergo several molting stages.
- 20. 20 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Hemimetabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (hemimetabolous) is characterized by an aquatic juvenile stage. The larval stage somehow resembles the adult stage. The larval stages also undergo several molting stages. The pupa stage does not exist in the individual’s life cycle.
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- 22. 22 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Paurometabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (paurometabolous) is characterized by a terrestrial juvenile stage.
- 23. 23 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Paurometabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (paurometabolous) is characterized by a terrestrial juvenile stage. The larval stage somehow resembles the adult stage.
- 24. 24 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Paurometabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (paurometabolous) is characterized by a terrestrial juvenile stage. The larval stage somehow resembles the adult stage. The larval stages also undergo several molting stages.
- 25. 25 Incomplete Metamorphosis: Paurometabolous Incompletemetamorphosis (paurometabolous) is characterized by a terrestrial juvenile stage. The larval stage somehow resembles the adult stage. The larval stages also undergo several molting stages. The pupa stage does not exist in the individual’s life cycle.
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- 28. 28 Asexual Reproduction Fission involvesthe splitting of the parent individual into two approximately equal halves. Asexual Reproduction Fission Fragmentation Budding Parthenogenesis
- 29. 29 Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation involvesbreaking body parts into fragments. Thereafter, each fragment will regenerate into fully functional individuals. Asexual Reproduction Fission Fragmentation Budding Parthenogenesis
- 30. 30 Asexual Reproduction Budding involvesan outgrowth or bud forming in the body of an adult. Eventually, it will detach to develop as a complete individual. Asexual Reproduction Fission Fragmentation Budding Parthenogenesis
- 31. 31 Asexual Reproduction Parthenogenesis involvesthe development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg. Asexual Reproduction Fission Fragmentation Budding Parthenogenesis
- 32. 32 Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduc tion Requires twoparents from each of the two sexes Requires fusion of the egg cell and the sperm cell Relies highly on the efficiency of gametogenesis Enhances genetic variation in biological populations
- 33. 33 Sexual Reproduction External FertilizationInternal Fertilization
- 34. 34 Sexual Reproduction External FertilizationInternal Fertilization Usually involves the release of gametes into the surroundings Sperm cells are usually deposited into the female reproductive tract
- 35. 35 Sexual Reproduction External FertilizationInternal Fertilization Usually involves the release of gametes into the surroundings Sperm cells are usually deposited into the female reproductive tract The developing embryos are usually nourish externally or may immediately land on a substrate The young may be nourished in the female’s body or eggs are laid after fertilization
- 36. 36 Sexual Reproduction External FertilizationInternal Fertilization Usually involves the release of gametes into the surroundings Sperm cells are usually deposited into the female reproductive tract The developing embryos are usually nourish externally or may immediately land on a substrate The young may be nourished in the female’s body or eggs are laid after fertilization Common in aquatic organisms such as fishes and corals Common among higher animals such as birds, reptiles and mammals
- 37. 37 Sexual Reproduction External FertilizationInternal Fertilization
- 38. 38 Variations in InternalFertilization Eggs are laid and the embryo obtain its nourishment from the stored yolk nutrients. Embryos are nourished in eggs, which remain in the parent’s body until they hatch. Embryos are nourished by the placenta until the mother gives birth to live young. Oviparous Ovoviviparous Viviparous
- 39. 39 Variations in InternalFertilization Eggs are laid and the embryo obtain its nourishment from the Embryos are nourished in eggs, which remain in the parent’s body until they hatch. Embryos are nourished by the placenta until the mother gives birth to live young. Oviparous Ovoviviparous Viviparous
- 40. 40 Variations in InternalFertilization Eggs are laid and the embryo obtain its nourishment from the Embryos are nourished in eggs, which remain in the parent’s body until they hatch. Embryos are nourished by the placenta until the mother gives birth to live young. Oviparous Ovoviviparous Viviparous
- 41. 41 Mechanism of Fertilization 1.Contact with the jelly layer or the zona pellucida 2. Digestion by the acrosomal enzymes 3. Species-specific fusion of gamete membranes (fast-block) 4. Cortical reaction 5. Formation of fertilization envelope (slow-block) 1 2 3 4 5
- 42. 42 Mechanism of Fertilization 1.Contact with the jelly layer or the zona pellucida 2. Digestion by the acrosomal enzymes 3. Species-specific fusion of gamete membranes (fast-block) 4. Cortical reaction 5. Formation of fertilization envelope (slow-block) 1 2 3 4 5
- 43. 43 Mechanism of Fertilization 1.Contact with the jelly layer or the zona pellucida 2. Digestion by the acrosomal enzymes 3. Species-specific fusion of gamete membranes (fast-block) 4. Cortical reaction 5. Formation of fertilization envelope (slow-block) 1 2 3 4 5
- 44. 44 Mechanism of Fertilization 1.Contact with the jelly layer or the zona pellucida 2. Digestion by the acrosomal enzymes 3. Species-specific fusion of gamete membranes (fast-block) 4. Cortical reaction 5. Formation of fertilization envelope (slow-block) 1 2 3 4 5
- 45. 45 Mechanism of Fertilization 1.Contact with the jelly layer or the zona pellucida 2. Digestion by the acrosomal enzymes 3. Species-specific fusion of gamete membranes (fast-block) 4. Cortical reaction 5. Formation of fertilization envelope (slow-block) 1 2 3 4 5
- 46. 46 Animal Development: Cleavageand Blastulation During embryogenesis, the zygote undergoes repeated cell division and cell reorganization.
- 47. 47 Animal Development: Cleavageand Blastulation During embryogenesis, the zygote undergoes repeated cell division and cell reorganization. Cleavage refers to the rapid cell divisions that the zygote undergoes.
- 48. 48 Animal Development: Cleavageand Blastulation During embryogenesis, the zygote undergoes repeated cell division and cell reorganization. Cleavage refers to the rapid cell divisions that the zygote undergoes. Continuous division forms the solid ball of cells called morula.
- 49. 49 Animal Development: Cleavageand Blastulation During embryogenesis, the zygote undergoes repeated cell division and cell reorganization. Cleavage refers to the rapid cell divisions that the zygote undergoes. Continuous division forms the solid ball of cells called morula. The cells are then organized into a hollow ball of cells called blastula.
- 50. 50 Animal Development: Gastrulation Gastrulationinvolves extensive cell migration and rearrangement, which forms the three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
- 51. 51 Animal Development: Organogenesis Organogenesisis marked by the neurulation or the formation of the neural tube through the folding of the ectodermal neural plate.
- 52. 52 Animal Development: Organogenesis Eachof the three embryonic germ layers gives rise to specific tissues and organs in the developing embryo.
- 53. 53 What do youthink will happen if cells do not differentiate during the development of the embryo?
- 54. 54 Determine the accuracyof each of the following statements. Write true if the statement is correct and false if otherwise. 1.Gastrulation refers to the rearrangement of the cells in the blastula. 2.The layers of a gastrula include the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. 3.After fertilization, the fertilized will begin a series of rapid cell divisions.
- 55. 55 Complete the Venndiagram by comparing and contrasting the given terms below. Blastula Gastrula
- 56. 56 ● The lifecycle of an animal usually starts from the fusion of the male (sperm) and the female (egg cell) gametes during the fertilization process. ● Metamorphosis is a biological feature in the life cycle of some organisms. It can either be complete or incomplete, depending on whether a pupa stage is present.
- 57. 57 ● The fertilizedegg will undergo active cell division and cell differentiation to form the developing embryo during embryogenesis. ● The embryo will undergo organogenesis, where it starts to form several types of tissues that will lead to the formation of the organs and organ systems.
- 58. 58 ● Once anindividual is formed, this will grow and mature into an adult, which will be capable of reproducing and forming another generation of individuals.
- 59. 59 The general patternof the development of a fertilized egg into an adult organism