1. HUBBLE ERROR…

2. Organisations Deal with
Uncertainties
 Money, time, work
 Early injury to mirror
 Wrong punching of numbers
 Washers in the null corrector

3. Squeezing of Local
Knowledge
 Scott’s advice
 Nuisance to ‘traitor’
 Concerns of quality & testing
 Falling between stools: no signoff/ ‘final’
test
 Concerns of uncertainty
 Money/ time in successive stages

4. Organisations Tend to Make
Things Predictable
 “As though space mirrors this smooth
are made all the time.”
 Use experience/ existing procedures
 Trust on null corrector

5. What is an Organisation?
 Going entity
 Routinisation of work
 Systematic division of labour
 Specialised training and expertise
 Hierarchy of offices
 Authority and responsibility

6. What is an Organisation?
(Contd.)
 Rules and procedures
 Enacted and precedence
 Office becomes primary occupation
 Separation of means of production
 Fixed salaries
 Career

7. Objectives of an Organisation
 Purging ‘particularism’
 Equal treatment for employees
 Based on expertise
 Prevent arbitrary use of power
 Provide means for specialisation and
development
 Reliable instrument

8. Problems
 Alienation and conformity
 Unresponsiveness
 Fragmented structures of thought
 Bureaucratic accountability
 Defensiveness

9. PROBLEMS (Contd.)
 Individual interests & problems of
integration
 Effective instrument for routine work
 Means of control
 Little scope for spontaneity & initiative

10. PROBLEMS (Contd.)
 Individual interests & problems of
integration
 Effective instrument for routine work
 Means of control
 Little scope for spontaneity & initiative