Downloaded 20 times
More Related Content
HTAV 2019 - REDS!
- 1. HTAV Annual Conference2019 Unit 2 History: The Cold War – REDS! Presenter: Stephen White
- 2. DOTS! • Participatein this activity in which you will form groups based on your secret identities • You will each receive a post-it note • Some are blank • Some have a dot on them • When you receive your post-it look at it secretly. Don’t reveal to anyone what you got • When you are done looking, put it in your pocket or hide it
- 3. DOTS! • Thegoal is to form the biggest group of ‘non-dot’ members as possible. • The largest group of ‘non-dots’ wins • The whole group will lose if there is a dot in your group • Dot members of a group will win a prize for infiltrating the group and being the only dot.
- 4. DOTS! • Sinceeveryone will deny having a dot, you must look for any indication of suspicion. • If you suspect someone is a dot, you should accuse them out loud e.g. ‘Bert is a dot!’ • If you are a dot then you must bluff to convince others you are actually a non-dot. • Any questions? • When I say STOP after a few minutes you must FREEZE and stop talking. • GO!
- 5. DOTS! • Ifyou are a dot, who would you have been during 1950s USA? • If you in a group with a dot, even if you didn’t know, you would have been considered a sympathiser. What were these people called? • What would be the repercussions of being found to be a dot, or a sympathiser?
- 6. WhoisaCommunist? AM I ACOMMUNIST? • Parents were immigrants • Responsible for the ‘loss’ of China to Communism • Critics said he was soft on Communism
- 7. WhoisaCommunist? AM I ACOMMUNIST? • Investigated the War Dept during WWII • Nicknamed ‘Moscow Maggie’ • Defined ‘Americanism’ as the right to criticize, hold unpopular beliefs, protest and independent thought
- 8. WhoisaCommunist? AM I ACOMMUNIST? • Lived abroad during WWII • Constantly clashed with his bosses • Criticised US government officials
- 9. WhoisaCommunist? AM I ACOMMUNIST? • Parents were Italian immigrants and classified as enemy aliens in WWII • Grew up in San Francisco • His wife divorced him for inflicting ‘mental cruelty’
- 10. WhoisaCommunist? AM I ACOMMUNIST? • Endorsed the use of medical marijuana • He opposed religious organisations ‘every step of the way’ • Had ties to convicted criminals and mafioso
- 11. WhoisaCommunist? AM I ACOMMUNIST • Born in the US but spent most of his life abroad in France, Switzerland and Turkey • Political activist • Controversial writer
- 12. WhoisaCommunist? NOT A COMMUNIST Secretaryof State Dean Acheson • Containment policy seen as too soft – blamed for the loss of China to communism • Was a ‘little soft’ on communism – this was true
- 13. WhoisaCommunist? NOT A COMMUNIST SenatorMargaret Chase Smith • Investigated the War Dept during WWII – where they would put new military bases • Nicknamed ‘Moscow Maggie’ – by her opponents who themselves supported ‘unamerican’ principles
- 14. WhoisaCommunist? NOT A COMMUNIST JournalistEdward R. Murrow • Lived abroad during WWII • Constantly clashed with his bosses over content shown on a news program that upset his bosses • Criticised US government officials – part of a journalist’s job
- 15. WhoisaCommunist? NOT A COMMUNIST BaseballerJoe DiMaggio • Many Italian immigrants were classified as enemy aliens in WWII – his parents became US citizens • His wife was American actress Marilyn Monroe
- 16. WhoisaCommunist? NOT A COMMUNIST SenatorBarry Goldwater • He DID endorse the use of medical marijuana • He opposed religious organisations because they threatened to vote him out if he didn’t vote according to their beliefs • He associated with racketeers but there is no evidence to what extent
- 17. WhoisaCommunist? NOT A COMMUNIST Writer& activist James Baldwin • He lived abroad to escape racial persecution • He was a Civil Rights activist • He was a controversial writer
- 18. WhoisaCommunist? So, you haveto ask yourself… Why did you think ANYONE was a communist? • What does it mean to be a communist? • Why did you assume anyone was a communist? • What made you choose particular people? • How was this activity a little like McCarthyism? • Why did you even complete the activity – was there enough information to make a decision?
- 19. KeyGlossaryTerms Red Scare: Aperiod of intense fear of communism within the US during the 1940s and 1950s, often leading to paranoid and hysterical accusations and behaviour. HUAC: The House Un-American Activities Committee; established in 1938 and expanded in 1945 to investigate anyone involved in subversive or un-American activities McCarthyism: A public fear campaign led by Senator McCarthy against alleged communists and their sympathisers in the United States during the 1950s.
- 20. KeyKnowledge Context • Yalta& Potsdam Conferences 1945 • Atomic bombing of Japan 1945 • USSR ‘salami tactics’ begin 1945 • Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech 1946 • Truman Doctrine (Containment) 1947 • Marshall Plan (ERP) 1947 • Berlin Crisis 1948 • NATO established 1949 • Germany divided 1949 • USSR detonates an atomic bomb • Chinese Revolution 1949 • Korean War 1950
- 21. KeyKnowledge Red Scare •Fear of Communism spread quickly as the Cold War developed – with some justification. • This fear became more irrational as time progressed, and anti-Communist messages could be found by the truly paranoid in everything from films to red-letter Bibles. • Conservative politicians used this fear to campaign for more votes, especially by attacking those with socialist views regarding civil rights, universal health care etc. • The media jumped on board, adding to the hysteria through newspapers, television, film and advertising. • ‘Reds under the bed’ – spies everywhere! UFOs! Duck and cover!
- 22. KeyKnowledge Red Scare •The FBI was authorised to investigate suspected Communists and sympathisers, but abused their power and collected information illegally for decades. • Of three million Americans investigated, only 300 were dismissed as security risks. • Americans were encouraged to report anyone they suspected of being Communist – like a witch hunt. • Anyone thought to remotely sympathise with Communism was labelled as a ‘pinko’ • Execution of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg in 1951 – convicted of spying for the USSR and passing nuclear weapons technology
- 23. KeyKnowledge HUAC • HouseUn-American Activities Committee temporarily established in 1938, focusing on suspected fascists and communists • Became a permanent committee in 1945 with a mandate to find communists and prosecute them • Suspects were forced to give their testimony before Congress • Refusal to cooperate could lead to blacklisting or prison • The ‘Hollywood Ten’ case is the most prominent example of blacklisting – a group of writers and directors suspected of communist activity • Others suspected – Einstein, Arthur Miller, Charlie Chaplin
- 24. KeyKnowledge HUAC TACTICS •Denial of the right to face one’s accuser • Fabrication of evidence • Ignoring correct legal procedure • Charges based on hearsay and innuendo • Use of irresponsible and unnamed informers • Employers of those accused were blackmailed • Demands for the accused to sign loyalty oaths • Guilt by association • Fabrication of ‘crimes’ e.g. looking ‘foreign’ or thinking ‘un- American thoughts’
- 25. KeyKnowledge McCarthyism • SenatorJoseph McCarthy from Wisconsin • Came to prominence in 1950 • Announced ‘card-carrying communists’ had infiltrated the government • Attacked anyone who appeared soft on Communism • Targets included FBI office workers, generals, and even presidents • He attacked freedom of expression • Ultimately came undone attacking the US military • Underhanded tactics unveiled on television • Investigated in 1954; died three years later
- 26. KeyKnowledge Red ScareY Chart • What must it have been like to live through this period? • What would it look like? • What would it sound like? • What would it feel like?
- 27. PrimarySourceQuotes McCarthy –The Fight for America • Communists and sympathisers characterized as ‘criminals, hoodlums, gamblers, kidnappers’ • ‘They are threatening the lives of countless sons of American mothers and the liberty of the American people’ Hoover – Menace of the Communist Party • ‘It aims to develop discontent and to overthrow the American way of life’ • ‘Inflitrators and corrupters’ Truman – Inaugural Address • ‘Communism maintains that social wrongs can only be corrected by violence’
- 28.
- 29. Cartoons https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/herblocks-history/fire.html It’s okay, we’rehunting communists! By Herblock, 1947
- 30. Assessment The essay ‘Wecannot defend freedom abroad by deserting it at home’ - Ed Murrow To what extent is this statement true of the Cold War actions of the United States government during the 1940s and 1950s? • Contrast the goals of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan with HUAC and McCarthyism
- 31. Assessment Analysis ofprimary sources • Speech excerpts from Truman, Hoover, McCarthy, Murrow and others • Cold War-era cartoons • Cold War advertisements
- 34. GoodNight&GoodLuck Film study Thefilm Good Night and Good Luck addresses the efforts of journalist Ed Murrow and the See It Now team to bring Joseph McCarthy to account for his actions The film trailer, synopsis, some tasks and a character list can be found at the Dropbox link ‘We will not walk in fear of one another’ ‘We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty’ ‘A nation of sheep will beget a government of wolves’
- 35. Resources Click onthe Dropbox link below to access: Videos Primary sources Worksheets Activities https://www.dropbox.com/sh/5g0s8h6bzkxc8w2/AADkh54aB 9QzF9ly3JLaQ4hBa?dl=0
- 36. FurtherResources Alpha History– Cold War https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/ It’s History – Cold War video series https://youtu.be/8hMzLpTXo6E Cold War cartoon database https://coldwar.unc.edu/media/cartoons- comics/