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- 2. 2 Suffixes for Medical Disciplines -ology – the study of Pathology Cardiology Hematology Radiology Oncology Toxicology
- 3. 3 Suffixes for Medical Disciplines -ologist – a person who studies or practices a specific discipline Pathologist Cardiologist Hematologist Radiologist
- 4. 4 Suffixes for Medical Disciplines • -ist, -er – another form for referring to a person who practices a specific discipline. Internist Anesthetist (can be an RVT) Dentist Specialist Practitioner Coroner
- 5. 5 Titles for the Medical Disciplines • Urologist • Internist • Dermatologist • Theriogenologist • Oncologist • Microbiologist • Opthalmologist • Endocrinologist • Pathologist • Neurologist • Cardiologist • Radiologist • Gastroenterologist • Anesthesiologist • Toxicologist • Generalist
- 6. 6 Important Medical Prefixes • Ankyl/o-sis • Crypt-orchid • Lith–iasis • Mega–colon • Necr/o-sis • Phag/o–cytosis • Scler/o–sis • Therm/o-regulation • Thromb/o–cytopenia • Trauma–tic
- 7. 7 Important Medical Suffixes • Uro-lith • Osteo-lysis • Spleno-megaly • Hemi-paresis • Hemi-plegia • Dys-phagia • Hyper-plasia • Baso-philia
- 8. 8 Important Medical Suffixes • Dys-pnea • Hemo-rrhage • Hypo-thermia • Hyper-trophy • Broncho-spasm • Hemo-stasis • Nephro-toxin
- 9. 9 Terms for Direction • Anterior • Posterior • Cranial • Caudal • Cephalic • Rostral • Dorsal • Ventral
- 10. 10
- 11. 11 Terms for Direction • Medial • Lateral • Superior • Inferior • Deep • Superficial
- 12. 12 Terms for Direction • Axial – Skeleton of the trunk and head • Peripheral • Proximal • Distal • Adjacent • Oblique – Inclined, angled
- 13. 13 Terms for Position Plane: a flat surface where no part is higher or lower than the other. • http://www.madsci.org/~lynn/VH/planes.html • Median Plane – Sagittal Plane: continuation of the Median Plane on the right and left sides • Dorsal Plane – Coronal or Frontal Plane for brain and skull • Transverse Plane – Perpendicular to the median and dorsal planes • Quadrants (4)
- 14. 14
- 15. 15 Terms for Position • Recumbent • Supine – (dorsal recumbency) • Prone – (sternal recumbency) • Caudad • Dorsum
- 16. 16 Positional Terms Relating to the Feet • Palmar • Plantar • Dorsal
- 17. 17 Positional Terms Relating to the Teeth • Occlusal • Buccal • Lingual • Palatal • Contact
- 18. 18 Terms for Movement 1. Abduction 2. Adduction 3. Rotation 4. Eversion 5. Flexion 6. Extension
- 19. 19 Prefixes for Direction, Position, and Movement • Ab-duction (away). Abnormal • Ad-duction (toward). Addition • Circum-vent (around). Circumference • Contra-indicated (against). Contraception • Ipsi-lateral (self, same)
- 20. 20 Prefixes for Direction, Position, and Movement • Ex-ophthalmic (outside of). Exquisite • Endo-cardium (inside). Endocrine • Epi-dermis (on or after). Epicenter • Extra-cellular (beyond). Extraordinary • Intra-tracheal (within). Intranet • Inter-stitial (between). Internet
- 21. 21 Prefixes for Direction, Position, and Movement • Meso-metrium (middle). Mesolithic • Meta-carpal (behind or transform). Metamorphic • Para-median (next to). Paramedic • Peri-anal (around). Periscope • Retro-peritoneal (back). Retroactive
- 22. 22 Prefixes for Direction, Position, and Movement • Sub-cutaneous (below). Subnormal • Supra-nasal (above). Supraorbital • Trans-endemic (through or beyond). Transfer
- 23. 23 Prefixes Pertaining to Numeric Terms • Uni-cellular • Primi-parous • Mono-nuclear • Diplo-id • Bi-lateral • Hemi-paresis • Tri-mester • Quadru-ped • Multi-cellular • Semi-coma
- 24. 24 Prefixes Pertaining to Numeric Terms • Milli-liter (1000th) • Centi-meter (100th) • Kilo-gram (1000) • Micro-gram (10,000) • Nano-gram (1/1,000,000,000) 2.2 Pounds = 1 Kilogram
- 25. 25 Terms Relating to Microbiology • Microorganism • Pathogen/Pathogenic • Bacteriology • Virology • Mycology/Fungi
- 26. 26 Nomenclature of Bacteria Naming Bacteria By Shape Coccus/cocci – bacteria that are spherical Streptococcus Staphylococcus Diplococcus Bacillus/bacilli – bacteria that are rod-shaped Lactobacillus
- 27. 27 Nomenclature of Bacteria Naming Bacteria by Group Arrangement • Strepto- twisted (chains) – Streptococcus • Staphylo- bunch or cluster – Staphylococcus • Diplo- pairs – Diplococci
- 28. 28 Nomenclature of Bacteria Bacteria named after a person • Pasteurella • Escherichia Bacterial species can named for type of animal: Streptococcus equi Disease it causes: Bacillus anthracis Or area of the body: Staphylococcus epidermidis
- 29. 29 Nomenclature of Viruses • Distemper virus • Parvovirus • Coronavirus • Oncornavirus • Adenovirus • Parainfluenza virus • Rabies virus • Poxvirus • Papovavirus • Polyoma virus • Pacheco’s virus • Feline Leukemia virus (FeLV) • Feline Rhinotracheitis virus • Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) • Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus (FIP) • Herpesvirus • Calicivirus • Panleukopenia virus
- 30. 30 Prefixes Related to Color • Chrom-atin • Chloro-phyl • Cirrh-osis • Cyano-sis • Erythro-cyte • Leuko-cyte • Melano-cyte • Xanth-oma
- 31. 31 Terms Related to Blood • Prefixes –Cyto-penia –Hemo-rrage –Hema-cytometer –Hemato-crit • Suffixes –Leuko-cyte –Lympho-cytosis –Ur-emia –Lympho-penia
- 32. 32 Terms Related to Urine • Prefixes –Uro-lith –Urin-alysis • Suffixes –Hemat-uria –Dys-uria
- 33. 33 Terms Relating to Pharmacology • Pharmacology – the study of drugs and their effect on the body • Pharmacodynamics –the study of the action and metabolism of drugs and how they are excreted by the body • Therapeutics – the study of the treatment of disease with the use of drugs • Toxicology – the study of poisons and other toxic substances
- 34. 34 Drug Names Trade Name The brand name or proprietary name – usually has a trademark Generic Name A chemically descriptive drug name that is not protected by a trademark Chemical Name Describes the constituents and their chemical configuration within the drug molecule
- 35. 35 Types of Drugs Drugs can be classified by their therapeutic use or their actions • Analgesics • Anesthetics • Anthelmintics • Antibiotics • Anticoagulants • Anticonvulsants • Antidiarrheals • Antifungals • Antiinflammatories • Antipruritics • Antitussives • Biologicals • Cardiovascular drugs • Cathartics • Ceruminolytics • Diuretics • Hematinics • Hormones • Opthalmics • Otics • Parasitics • Sedatives and Tranquilizers
- 36. 36 Other Important Prefixes • Acro-megaly • Aero-phagia • Aniso-coria • Ante-mortem • Auto-lysis • Cryo-surgery • Hetero-chromia • Hydro-philic • Iatro-genic • Inter-costal • Intra-venous • Iso-tonic • Pan-osteitis • Phon-ation • Pre-operative • Pro-estrus • Post-prandial • Re-hydrate • Syn-ergistic
- 37. 37 Other Important Suffixes • Hyper-capnia • Syn-drome • An-esthesia • Dia-gnosis • Neo-natal • Muc-oid • My-opia • Hyp-oxia • Primi-parous • Hyper-tension • Cryo-therapy • Hyper-tonic
- 38. 38 Common Medical Terminology • These are words you will be expected to know and remember!
- 39. 39 Common Medical Terminology • Abscess – cavity containing pus • Alopecia – abnormal hair loss • Ambulate – to walk • Analgesic – relieves pain • Anemia – low red blood cells • Anorexia – lack of appetite • Antibody – protein produced in the body that destroys specific invaders • Arrhythmia – abnormal heart rhythm • Artery – blood vessel leading from the heart • Aseptic – without infection or contamination • Bilateral – two sides
- 40. 40 • Bile – produced by the liver for fat digestion • Bloat – gas in the stomach • Calculus – tartar • Centimeter – one-hundredth of one meter • Conjunctiva – inner membrane of the eyelids • Cyanotic – Blue color of the gums due lack of oxygen • Cystitis – inflammation of the urinary bladder • Debride – remove dead tissue • Declaw – amputation of a cat’s claws • Defecation – passing feces • ECG – (EKG) electrical impulses of the heart Common Medical Terminology
- 41. 41 Common Medical Terminology • Edema – swelling caused by abnormally increased tissue fluid • Emboli – blocked blood vessel • Enema – liquid put into the rectum to produce defecation • Endotracheal tube – Sterile, flexible put into the trachea fro anesthesia • Enteritis – inflammation of the small intestine • Estrus – (heat) time when female is ready to breed • Excise – to remove surgically • Febrile – has fever • Flank – sides of an animal’s body from the ribs to the hips • Gastritis – inflammation of the stomach, usually causes vomiting
- 42. 42 Common Medical Terminology • Gingiva – gum • Hematocrit (HCT) – packed cell volume (PCV) measures the number of red blood cells • Hematoma – an area of swelling that contains blood • Hemostat – clamp for blood vessels • Hyper = high Hypo = low • Icterus – yellow skin (jaundice) • Incise – to cut • Inflammation – tissue reaction to injury • -itis – suffix meaning inflammation of • Lateral recumbency – lying on its side • Leukocyte – white blood cell
- 43. 43 Common Medical Terminology • Ligature – suture material • Lipoma – benign tumor of fat • Mastitis – inflammation of the glands that secrete milk • Mandible – jaw • Milligram – one-thousand of one gram • Necrotic – dead tissue • Neuter – surgically remove the reproductive organs: castration (male) or spay (female) • Otic – for the ear • Ovariohysterectomy – spay • Pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas causing vomiting and pain • Pathogen – disease-causing organisms
- 44. 44 Common Medical Terminology • Perianal – around the anus • Peritoneal cavity – abdominal cavity • Pleural cavity – chest cavity (thorax) • Postmortem – after death • Prognosis – expected outcome of a disease • Prophylaxis – prevention of disease • Purulent – contains pus • Pyometra – infection and pus in the uterus • Queen – giving birth in cats • Recumbent – lying down • Sanguinous – containing blood
- 45. 45 Common Medical Terminology • Serum – the liquid portion of blood • Slough – to shed dead tissue • Sterile – all microorganisms have been killed • Systemic – affecting the whole body system • Tetanus – disease caused by a bacterial toxin that produces muscle spasms and “lockjaw” • Thrombus – blood clot • Torsion – twisting or rotating • Traumatic – the result of an injury • Ulcer – a defect on the surface of an organ exposing deeper more sensitive tissues • Vein – blood vessel leading away from the heart • Whelp – giving birth in dogs