Howrah Bridge is a cantilever bridge built between 1936-1943 that connects Howrah and Kolkata. It was the longest cantilever bridge when completed and constructed without nuts and bolts using steel. The bridge experiences heavy traffic that causes pollution and overloading, though trams no longer run to reduce the load. Regular maintenance is required to address issues like damage from traffic, corrosion, and biological waste.

1. **HOWRAH BRIDGE(ESTD-1943)**
PRESENTATION BY
SANTANU CHATTERJEE(IT/11/01)

2. INTRODUCTION
• Howrah Bridge is originally a PUTNOON
BRIDGE.
• From 1943-92 it was the only connector
between Howrah and Kolkata before
VIDYASAGAR SETU.
• It was made on CANTILEVER PRINCIPLE.
• The only Hanging Heritage bridge
without support from below.

3. **CONSTRUCTION**
•It is based on the Cantilever Principle
•Construction began in 1936,completed and was opened in
3rd Feb 1943.
•Material uesd was STEEL.
•It is 1528ft long and 62ft wide,with 7 foot wide pavement.
•Designers were RENDEL,PALMER,TRITTEN.
•The bridge does not contain any nuts and bolts.

4. **HISTORY**
•To curtail the crowd for crossing the river
Hooghly.
•Plan was shelved in 1859-60 and was brought
into action in 1868.
•Parts were constructed in England and was
assembled in Calcutta.
•The 3rd longest Cantilever bridge after Pont de
Quebee (Canada) and Forth Bridge(Scotland)
was ready for use in 3rd Feb 1943.
•It was lightened by electric lamp post.

5. **TRAFFIC**
•A bulk of traffic comes
and goes everyday.
•Causes a of pollution.
•Overloads the bridge.
•Trams used to ply but
not now to reduce
load.
•Trams moved to
different destinations.
•Jams occurs a lot.

6. **MAINTENANCE**
•Rash driving
cause damage.
•Atmospheric
phenomenon.
•Biological
waste.

7. **PREVENTIVE MEASURES**
•Installation of
surveillance camera.
•Cleaning of wastes
regularly.
•Fiber Glass covering has
been placed to prevent
corrosion to take over
the Steel pillars.

8. **CONCLUSION**