Read the article to learn more about how district chiller plants work and how important they are in the current circumstances. To learn more, go to: https://www.emicool.com/en/customers
This document describes a hot and cold water dispenser that utilizes waste heat from a refrigerator's condenser. It discusses replacing the air-cooled condenser with a water-cooled condenser that heats water. The water-cooled condenser is constructed with a galvanized iron tank and copper coil, and connects to the refrigerator's vapor compression system. During operation, the refrigerant condenses in the coil and transfers heat to the water, providing both cooled water from the refrigerator and heated water from the recovered waste heat of the condenser.
ENERGY AUDIT presentationin power system .pptxReshevSharma
ย
An energy audit is a systematic process of evaluating and analyzing energy usage in a building, facility, or industrial process to identify opportunities for energy efficiency improvements, cost savings, and environmental sustainability. The goal of an energy audit is to assess energy consumption patterns, identify areas of inefficiency or waste, and recommend measures to optimize energy usage and reduce overall energy consumption.
Here's an overview of the typical steps involved in conducting an energy audit:
1. **Pre-Audit Planning:**
Define the scope and objectives of the energy audit, including the areas or systems to be evaluated, the level of detail required, and the desired outcomes. Identify key stakeholders, establish audit goals, and gather relevant documentation, such as utility bills, building plans, and equipment specifications.
2. **Data Collection and Analysis:**
Collect comprehensive data on energy consumption, including utility bills, meter readings, and operational data
The document discusses various types of refrigeration and air conditioning systems including domestic refrigerators, air conditioners, automotive air conditioners, water coolers, commercial refrigeration systems for ice plants, dairies, and cold storage, as well as commercial air conditioning for multiplexes and hospitals. It provides details on the basic components and working principles of window air conditioners, split air conditioners, and automotive air conditioners. Commercial refrigeration applications covered include ice plants, cold storage, and milk chilling plants.
STEAM JET COOLING SYSTEM
Steam jet cooling system is a cooling technique which involves usage of steam and water for cooling purposes. In steam jet refrigeration systems, water can be used as the refrigerant. Like air, it is perfectly safe. These systems were applied successfully to refrigeration.
โขTemperatures attained using water as a refrigerant are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements.
โขMostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
โขThis system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
โขNot used when temperatures below 5ยฐC are required.
An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler air. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC.
This document provides an overview of operating and maintaining chillers. It discusses key chiller components like evaporators, compressors, condensers and expansion valves. It outlines best practices for efficient chiller operation, such as adjusting chilled water temperatures and purging air from refrigerant lines. The document also provides a maintenance schedule, noting that preventative maintenance is important to ensure long chiller life and reduce energy costs. Tasks include cleaning heat exchanger tubes annually, checking for refrigerant leaks, and inspecting electrical connections and compressor assemblies annually.
Arctic Mount is the premier provider of high-performance compressed air equipment. We offer a wide range of rotary, screw, reciprocating, and oil-free air compressors etc. t
This document describes a hot and cold water dispenser that utilizes waste heat from a refrigerator's condenser. It discusses replacing the air-cooled condenser with a water-cooled condenser that heats water. The water-cooled condenser is constructed with a galvanized iron tank and copper coil, and connects to the refrigerator's vapor compression system. During operation, the refrigerant condenses in the coil and transfers heat to the water, providing both cooled water from the refrigerator and heated water from the recovered waste heat of the condenser.
ENERGY AUDIT presentationin power system .pptxReshevSharma
ย
An energy audit is a systematic process of evaluating and analyzing energy usage in a building, facility, or industrial process to identify opportunities for energy efficiency improvements, cost savings, and environmental sustainability. The goal of an energy audit is to assess energy consumption patterns, identify areas of inefficiency or waste, and recommend measures to optimize energy usage and reduce overall energy consumption.
Here's an overview of the typical steps involved in conducting an energy audit:
1. **Pre-Audit Planning:**
Define the scope and objectives of the energy audit, including the areas or systems to be evaluated, the level of detail required, and the desired outcomes. Identify key stakeholders, establish audit goals, and gather relevant documentation, such as utility bills, building plans, and equipment specifications.
2. **Data Collection and Analysis:**
Collect comprehensive data on energy consumption, including utility bills, meter readings, and operational data
The document discusses various types of refrigeration and air conditioning systems including domestic refrigerators, air conditioners, automotive air conditioners, water coolers, commercial refrigeration systems for ice plants, dairies, and cold storage, as well as commercial air conditioning for multiplexes and hospitals. It provides details on the basic components and working principles of window air conditioners, split air conditioners, and automotive air conditioners. Commercial refrigeration applications covered include ice plants, cold storage, and milk chilling plants.
STEAM JET COOLING SYSTEM
Steam jet cooling system is a cooling technique which involves usage of steam and water for cooling purposes. In steam jet refrigeration systems, water can be used as the refrigerant. Like air, it is perfectly safe. These systems were applied successfully to refrigeration.
โขTemperatures attained using water as a refrigerant are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements.
โขMostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
โขThis system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
โขNot used when temperatures below 5ยฐC are required.
An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler air. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC.
This document provides an overview of operating and maintaining chillers. It discusses key chiller components like evaporators, compressors, condensers and expansion valves. It outlines best practices for efficient chiller operation, such as adjusting chilled water temperatures and purging air from refrigerant lines. The document also provides a maintenance schedule, noting that preventative maintenance is important to ensure long chiller life and reduce energy costs. Tasks include cleaning heat exchanger tubes annually, checking for refrigerant leaks, and inspecting electrical connections and compressor assemblies annually.
Arctic Mount is the premier provider of high-performance compressed air equipment. We offer a wide range of rotary, screw, reciprocating, and oil-free air compressors etc. t
AB Artic is known for Chillers & Cold Storage Manufacturer & Supplier in Coimbatore, India with 25 Years of Experience. We specialize in Engineering and Fabrication of Chillers.
https://www.abartic.in/
This document is an assignment submission for a Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC) course. It includes the student's name, roll number, course details, and is being submitted to the instructor Mandeep Kaur. The content covers condensers and their classifications, expansion devices and their types, and evaporators and their types. It provides detailed descriptions and diagrams of air cooled condensers, water cooled condensers, evaporative condensers, capillary tubes, thermostatic expansion valves, float valves, and more.
This document provides an overview of refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions of refrigeration and describes how refrigeration systems work to lower or maintain temperatures below the surrounding environment. It then discusses the basic components and processes of a vapor compression refrigeration system, including the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The document also summarizes domestic refrigerators, describing their typical components, insulation methods, and electrical control circuits.
The document discusses refrigeration and different refrigeration systems. It begins by defining refrigeration and describing its use in food preservation. It then discusses the history of refrigeration and different refrigeration processes used in food processing. The document outlines several types of refrigeration systems including mechanical compression, evaporative cooling, absorption, thermoelectric, and vapor compression refrigeration. It provides details on the components and working of mechanical and vapor compression refrigeration systems.
The document discusses an air conditioning system. It begins by defining air conditioning and its key components and principles. It then describes the components of an air conditioner including the blower, evaporator coil, compressor, condensing coil, fan, air filter, and thermostat. It explains the refrigeration cycle and includes a diagram. It also discusses different air conditioning system types, components of central air conditioning like the air handling unit and cooling tower, and concludes with descriptions of the air distribution system components like fans, filters, ductwork, outlets, and dampers.
This document provides an overview of refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions of refrigeration and refrigeration cycles. It then describes the main components of a vapor compression refrigeration system, including the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The document explains how each component functions and how refrigerant moves through the system. It also discusses domestic refrigerators and their components and electrical circuits. The document aims to explain the basic concepts and components of refrigeration systems.
Energy Conservation Energy ConservationEnergy ConservationAkshVashist1
ย
This document discusses refrigeration, air conditioning, and heating systems. It describes vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems which use a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator to circulate refrigerant and absorb/reject heat. It also describes vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) systems which use a generator, absorber, pump, and non-return path instead of a compressor. Key differences between VCR and VAR are also outlined. The document further discusses heat pumps, factors affecting performance of refrigeration and air conditioning systems, diesel generator sets, and opportunities for improving energy efficiency in buildings, HVAC systems, fans, and blowers.
This document discusses window air conditioners and their components and working. It provides details on the main parts of a typical window AC unit, including the compressor, condenser coil, expansion valve, evaporator coil, and fan. It explains the basic refrigeration cycle of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. It also describes the condensation process and uses of ammonia as a natural refrigerant. Finally, it discusses the application of window air conditioners for residential use due to their ease of installation, compact design, affordability, and ability to provide targeted cooling.
1. Refrigeration systems use the vapor compression cycle to pump heat from a low temperature space to a higher temperature space, lowering the temperature in the process.
2. A refrigerator uses this cycle, with a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator to absorb heat from the refrigerated space and reject it outside.
3. Domestic refrigerators are small, self-contained refrigeration units commonly used in homes to provide low temperatures for food storage and preservation on a short term basis.
The document discusses refrigerants used in refrigeration systems. It defines a refrigerant as the medium that transfers heat by evaporating at a low temperature and pressure, and condensing at a higher temperature and pressure. The history of commonly used refrigerants is provided, from early experiments in the 1830s to modern refrigerants developed in the 1920s. Refrigerants are classified as primary or secondary, where primary refrigerants undergo phase changes directly in the system and secondary refrigerants transport thermal energy between locations. Key properties for refrigerants include chemical stability, safety, cost, efficiency and compatibility with system materials. Selection of a refrigerant depends on its thermodynamic, environmental and safety properties as well as economic
This document discusses fundamentals of mechanical engineering and mechatronics, specifically refrigeration and air conditioning. It begins with introducing refrigeration systems and defining key concepts like refrigeration, unit of refrigeration, and coefficient of performance. It then explains the working principles of refrigeration and differences between heat engines, heat pumps, and refrigerators. The document discusses various refrigeration methods like vapor compression, absorption, and thermoelectric refrigeration. It also describes the components and working of domestic refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
Water Chiller Manufacturing in CoimbatoreDenmozhiS
ย
A water chiller system consists of two major loops or circuits. These are the chilled water loop and the refrigeration loop. The component that delivers cooling is the refrigeration loop. The thermodynamic processes take place here. The chilled water loop, on the other hand, is a distribution system that provides cold water to consumer units. Heat transport is the primary mechanism at play in this system.
For More Details
+91 98940 18701
https://www.abchiller.in/water-cooled-industrial-chiller/
A water chiller system consists of two major loops or circuits. These are the chilled water loop and the refrigeration loop. The component that delivers cooling is the refrigeration loop. The thermodynamic processes take place here. The chilled water loop, on the other hand, is a distribution system that provides cold water to consumer units. Heat transport is the primary mechanism at play in this system.
For More Details
+91 98940 18701
https://www.abchiller.in/water-cooled-industrial-chiller/
Refrigeration is the process of maintaining temperatures below the surrounding atmosphere. It involves removing heat from an area to be cooled using a vapor compression cycle. A summary of key points:
- Refrigeration is used to preserve food by stopping bacterial growth below 5ยฐC. Early methods involved natural ice or cold wells.
- Refrigeration systems are based on the second law of thermodynamics, requiring external work to transfer heat from a lower to higher temperature.
- A vapor compression cycle involves compressing a refrigerant vapor to a high pressure and temperature, condensing it to release heat, then expanding it to absorb heat before repeating the cycle.
- Common household refrigerators use the vapor compression
The document summarizes different refrigeration systems. It describes vapor compression refrigeration as the most important system for commercial and domestic use. It works by compressing a refrigerant like ammonia, carbon dioxide, or R-11 through different states - expansion, vaporization, compression, and condensation. Vapor absorption refrigeration uses ammonia absorbed and separated from water. Air refrigeration uses air as the refrigerant in the Bell Coleman cycle through a compressor, expander, and cooler.
Experimental Investigation of Water Cooler Test Rig Using R-22 as RefrigerantIJMERJOURNAL
ย
This document summarizes the experimental investigation of a water cooler test rig using R-22 refrigerant. It discusses the working principle of vapor compression refrigeration cycles. R-22 is identified as the refrigerant used due to its properties. The key components of the test rig are described including the compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. Technical specifications of the components are provided. A design calculation is included to determine the refrigeration tonnage and water consumption of a water cooler for a college. The coefficient of performance of the water cooler test rig is calculated to be 3.15. The document concludes that R-22 is a suitable refrigerant for water coolers based on its coefficient of performance.
The document discusses different types of condensers used in refrigeration systems. It begins by explaining that a condenser is a heat exchanger device that uses a cooling medium like air or water to remove heat from a gas, causing it to condense into a liquid. It then describes different classifications of condensers based on the cooling medium (air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporative), flow direction (vertical, horizontal), and convection type (natural, forced). Specific examples like double pipe, shell and coil, and shell and tube condensers are explained. Design considerations and calculations are also covered. Applications of different condenser types are provided.
chiller manufacturer plays a vital role in providing essential cooling solutions that support a wide range of industries and applications. By staying on top of emerging technologies and trends, and working closely with your customers to develop customized solutions, you can continue to provide high-quality, energy-efficient, and reliable chillers that meet the evolving needs of your clients.
For More Details
๐ +91 98940 18701
https://www.abchiller.in/
Environmental Impact Assessment Consultants' Responsibilities A Manual hamnajain
ย
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) consultants have an important role to play in assessing and managing the potential environmental implications of development projects, regulations, and programs. Let us explore their roles and responsibilities more carefully here.
For more details, log on to the website -
https://www.susnomics.com/environmental-impact-assessment/
#environmentalimpactassessmentconsultant
#environmentalservicesdubai
#greenbuildingcertification
Exploring the Impact of BIM Technology on Green Building Designshamnajain
ย
BIM technology, commonly referred to as Building Information Modeling, has a big impact on environmentally friendly building design strategies. View here the usage of BIM technology in green building design and sustainability.
For more details, please visit the website -
https://www.susnomics.com/bim-consulting/
#bimservice
#bimservicesdubai
#sustainablebuildingservices
#greenbuildingdesign
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AB Artic is known for Chillers & Cold Storage Manufacturer & Supplier in Coimbatore, India with 25 Years of Experience. We specialize in Engineering and Fabrication of Chillers.
https://www.abartic.in/
This document is an assignment submission for a Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC) course. It includes the student's name, roll number, course details, and is being submitted to the instructor Mandeep Kaur. The content covers condensers and their classifications, expansion devices and their types, and evaporators and their types. It provides detailed descriptions and diagrams of air cooled condensers, water cooled condensers, evaporative condensers, capillary tubes, thermostatic expansion valves, float valves, and more.
This document provides an overview of refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions of refrigeration and describes how refrigeration systems work to lower or maintain temperatures below the surrounding environment. It then discusses the basic components and processes of a vapor compression refrigeration system, including the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The document also summarizes domestic refrigerators, describing their typical components, insulation methods, and electrical control circuits.
The document discusses refrigeration and different refrigeration systems. It begins by defining refrigeration and describing its use in food preservation. It then discusses the history of refrigeration and different refrigeration processes used in food processing. The document outlines several types of refrigeration systems including mechanical compression, evaporative cooling, absorption, thermoelectric, and vapor compression refrigeration. It provides details on the components and working of mechanical and vapor compression refrigeration systems.
The document discusses an air conditioning system. It begins by defining air conditioning and its key components and principles. It then describes the components of an air conditioner including the blower, evaporator coil, compressor, condensing coil, fan, air filter, and thermostat. It explains the refrigeration cycle and includes a diagram. It also discusses different air conditioning system types, components of central air conditioning like the air handling unit and cooling tower, and concludes with descriptions of the air distribution system components like fans, filters, ductwork, outlets, and dampers.
This document provides an overview of refrigeration systems. It begins with definitions of refrigeration and refrigeration cycles. It then describes the main components of a vapor compression refrigeration system, including the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The document explains how each component functions and how refrigerant moves through the system. It also discusses domestic refrigerators and their components and electrical circuits. The document aims to explain the basic concepts and components of refrigeration systems.
Energy Conservation Energy ConservationEnergy ConservationAkshVashist1
ย
This document discusses refrigeration, air conditioning, and heating systems. It describes vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems which use a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator to circulate refrigerant and absorb/reject heat. It also describes vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) systems which use a generator, absorber, pump, and non-return path instead of a compressor. Key differences between VCR and VAR are also outlined. The document further discusses heat pumps, factors affecting performance of refrigeration and air conditioning systems, diesel generator sets, and opportunities for improving energy efficiency in buildings, HVAC systems, fans, and blowers.
This document discusses window air conditioners and their components and working. It provides details on the main parts of a typical window AC unit, including the compressor, condenser coil, expansion valve, evaporator coil, and fan. It explains the basic refrigeration cycle of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. It also describes the condensation process and uses of ammonia as a natural refrigerant. Finally, it discusses the application of window air conditioners for residential use due to their ease of installation, compact design, affordability, and ability to provide targeted cooling.
1. Refrigeration systems use the vapor compression cycle to pump heat from a low temperature space to a higher temperature space, lowering the temperature in the process.
2. A refrigerator uses this cycle, with a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator to absorb heat from the refrigerated space and reject it outside.
3. Domestic refrigerators are small, self-contained refrigeration units commonly used in homes to provide low temperatures for food storage and preservation on a short term basis.
The document discusses refrigerants used in refrigeration systems. It defines a refrigerant as the medium that transfers heat by evaporating at a low temperature and pressure, and condensing at a higher temperature and pressure. The history of commonly used refrigerants is provided, from early experiments in the 1830s to modern refrigerants developed in the 1920s. Refrigerants are classified as primary or secondary, where primary refrigerants undergo phase changes directly in the system and secondary refrigerants transport thermal energy between locations. Key properties for refrigerants include chemical stability, safety, cost, efficiency and compatibility with system materials. Selection of a refrigerant depends on its thermodynamic, environmental and safety properties as well as economic
This document discusses fundamentals of mechanical engineering and mechatronics, specifically refrigeration and air conditioning. It begins with introducing refrigeration systems and defining key concepts like refrigeration, unit of refrigeration, and coefficient of performance. It then explains the working principles of refrigeration and differences between heat engines, heat pumps, and refrigerators. The document discusses various refrigeration methods like vapor compression, absorption, and thermoelectric refrigeration. It also describes the components and working of domestic refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
Water Chiller Manufacturing in CoimbatoreDenmozhiS
ย
A water chiller system consists of two major loops or circuits. These are the chilled water loop and the refrigeration loop. The component that delivers cooling is the refrigeration loop. The thermodynamic processes take place here. The chilled water loop, on the other hand, is a distribution system that provides cold water to consumer units. Heat transport is the primary mechanism at play in this system.
For More Details
+91 98940 18701
https://www.abchiller.in/water-cooled-industrial-chiller/
A water chiller system consists of two major loops or circuits. These are the chilled water loop and the refrigeration loop. The component that delivers cooling is the refrigeration loop. The thermodynamic processes take place here. The chilled water loop, on the other hand, is a distribution system that provides cold water to consumer units. Heat transport is the primary mechanism at play in this system.
For More Details
+91 98940 18701
https://www.abchiller.in/water-cooled-industrial-chiller/
Refrigeration is the process of maintaining temperatures below the surrounding atmosphere. It involves removing heat from an area to be cooled using a vapor compression cycle. A summary of key points:
- Refrigeration is used to preserve food by stopping bacterial growth below 5ยฐC. Early methods involved natural ice or cold wells.
- Refrigeration systems are based on the second law of thermodynamics, requiring external work to transfer heat from a lower to higher temperature.
- A vapor compression cycle involves compressing a refrigerant vapor to a high pressure and temperature, condensing it to release heat, then expanding it to absorb heat before repeating the cycle.
- Common household refrigerators use the vapor compression
The document summarizes different refrigeration systems. It describes vapor compression refrigeration as the most important system for commercial and domestic use. It works by compressing a refrigerant like ammonia, carbon dioxide, or R-11 through different states - expansion, vaporization, compression, and condensation. Vapor absorption refrigeration uses ammonia absorbed and separated from water. Air refrigeration uses air as the refrigerant in the Bell Coleman cycle through a compressor, expander, and cooler.
Experimental Investigation of Water Cooler Test Rig Using R-22 as RefrigerantIJMERJOURNAL
ย
This document summarizes the experimental investigation of a water cooler test rig using R-22 refrigerant. It discusses the working principle of vapor compression refrigeration cycles. R-22 is identified as the refrigerant used due to its properties. The key components of the test rig are described including the compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. Technical specifications of the components are provided. A design calculation is included to determine the refrigeration tonnage and water consumption of a water cooler for a college. The coefficient of performance of the water cooler test rig is calculated to be 3.15. The document concludes that R-22 is a suitable refrigerant for water coolers based on its coefficient of performance.
The document discusses different types of condensers used in refrigeration systems. It begins by explaining that a condenser is a heat exchanger device that uses a cooling medium like air or water to remove heat from a gas, causing it to condense into a liquid. It then describes different classifications of condensers based on the cooling medium (air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporative), flow direction (vertical, horizontal), and convection type (natural, forced). Specific examples like double pipe, shell and coil, and shell and tube condensers are explained. Design considerations and calculations are also covered. Applications of different condenser types are provided.
chiller manufacturer plays a vital role in providing essential cooling solutions that support a wide range of industries and applications. By staying on top of emerging technologies and trends, and working closely with your customers to develop customized solutions, you can continue to provide high-quality, energy-efficient, and reliable chillers that meet the evolving needs of your clients.
For More Details
๐ +91 98940 18701
https://www.abchiller.in/
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Environmental Impact Assessment Consultants' Responsibilities A Manual hamnajain
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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) consultants have an important role to play in assessing and managing the potential environmental implications of development projects, regulations, and programs. Let us explore their roles and responsibilities more carefully here.
For more details, log on to the website -
https://www.susnomics.com/environmental-impact-assessment/
#environmentalimpactassessmentconsultant
#environmentalservicesdubai
#greenbuildingcertification
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#bimservice
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Actis and Emicool, which is owned by Dubai Investments, reached one of the largest agreements in the Middle Eastern district cooling market. At an equity valuation of $653 million and a corporate valuation of $1 billion, Actis purchased a 50% stake in Emiccol.
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Visit the website: https://www.emicool.com/en/customers
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Stay updated on Siddhivinayak Temple events and timings in Houston, TX. Join our spiritual and community gatherings. Visit us now! gaurisiddhivinayak.org
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Want to fulfill your study abroad dream? Searching for the best Immigration Consultants?
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Stay informed about capital gains taxes in Canada with our detailed guide featuring three illustrative examples. Learn what capital gains taxes are and how they work, including how much you pay based on federal and provincial rates. Understand the combined tax rates to see your overall tax liability. Examine specific scenarios with capital gains of $500k and $1M, both before and after recent tax changes. These examples highlight the impact of new regulations and help you navigate your tax obligations effectively. Optimize your financial planning with these essential insights!
๐ผ Dive into the intricacies of capital gains taxes in Canada with this insightful video! Learn through three detailed examples how these taxes work and how recent changes might impact you.
โ What are capital gains taxes? Understand the basics of capital gains taxes and why they matter for your investments.
๐ธ How much taxes do I pay? Discover how the amount of tax you owe is calculated based on your capital gains.
๐ Federal tax rates: Explore the federal tax rates applicable to capital gains in Canada.
๐ข Provincial tax rates: Learn about the varying provincial tax rates and how they affect your overall tax bill.
โ๏ธ Combined tax rates: See how federal and provincial tax rates combine to determine your total tax obligation.
๐ต Example 1 โ Capital gains $500k: Examine a scenario where $500,000 in capital gains is taxed.
๐ฐ Example 2 โ Capital gains of $1M before the changes: Understand how a $1 million capital gain was taxed before recent changes.
๐ Example 3 โ Capital gains of $1M after the changes: Analyze the tax implications for a $1 million capital gain after the latest tax reforms.
๐ Conclusion: Summarize the key points and takeaways to help you navigate capital gains taxes effectively.
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The Fraud Examinerโs Report โ
What the Certified Fraud Examiner Should Know
Being a Virtual Training Paper presented at the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Port Harcourt Chapter Anti-Fraud Training on July 29, 2023.
2. โ Most commercial buildings make use of HVAC
systems to maintain their temperatures.
โ Today, chillers are mainly used for cooling purposes in
these buildings based on their sustainability and
affordability.
2
3. โ Compared to a dry bulb, the temperature of the wet-bulb is usually lower.
โ Because of this, the condensing temperature and pressure of the refrigerant are
lower compared to the air-chilled conditioning system.
โ Thus in most scenarios water chilled air conditioning works more efficiently
reducing the district cooling costs per ton.
3
4. District chiller- How does it work?
โ The chiller system is based on the principle of
vapor absorption/compression.
โ The refrigerant passes through 4 devices:
4
5. โ Evaporator- it performs the role of a heat exchanger.
โ Compressor- in a district cooling chiller plant, a condenser performs dual
functions.
โ Condenser- inside the condenser, the refrigerant changes back into a liquid,
and the heat produced during the process is carried away through a cooling
medium.
5
6. โ First, heat is moved from the refrigerant vapor into the condenser water.
โ Then, this water is pumped into the cooling tower that discharges the heat into
the atmosphere.
โ Let us explore the chilled water services in more detail.
6
7. Water chilled air conditioning- how it
works?
โ Recirculating condenser water from a cooling tower is used in a water-
cooled chiller to condense the refrigerant.
โ Here the refrigerant depends on the temperature and flow rate of the
condenser water.
โ The temperature and the flow rate depends on the temperature of the wet
bulb.
7
8. โ Water chillers are usually used for medium or large-size installations.
โ Large facilities that have access to water supply like airports, malls, etc make use
of water chillers.
โ They have a long life span and are built indoors thus protecting them from other
damages.
8