How to successfully migrate to DevOps .pdf

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Следете актуалните обяви за DevOps
Marian Marinov
How to successfully migrate to DevOps
mm@yuhu.biz

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Disclaimer 1!
➢ For me DevOps is the new sysadmin...
➢ But with more responsibilities!
➢ I'm sharing my personal point of
view and my personal mistakes.

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Disclaimer 2!
➢ This is not a HashiCorp presentation :)
➢ Its just simpler then presenting the
same thing with k8s

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Is DevOps right for me?
➢ How big is my team?

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➢ What do I have at the moment:

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➢ how many servers?

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➢ how many applications?

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➢ how many applications?
➢ how many data sources(SQL, NoSQL, FS Storage)

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Dev: git push github master
Sys: ssh server
apt-get install git apach2 mysql php-common php7.4-common php7.4-mysql
php7.4-cgi php7.4-fpm iptables iptables-persistent
cd /home/app/
git clone github/repo
git checkout master
echo -e '$db_user=”app1”;n$db_pass=”secret”;' > app-config.php
vi /etc/apache2/conf.d/app.conf
vi /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
systemctl start apache2
systemctl start php7.4-fpm.service
systemctl start mysql
mysql -e 'CREATE DATABASE app1'
mysql -e "GRANT USAGE *.* app1@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'secret'"
mysql -e 'GRANT ALL ON app1.* TO app1@localhost'
# setup the firewall
The OLD WAY

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Dev: git push github master
Ops:
1. Install terraform
2. Write the TF configuration for terraform
3. Configure your infrastructure with terraform
4. Deploy Nomad with Terraform
5. Write the Nomad configuration for the VMs/Containers and the
deployment of your app
6. Write a bash scripts that will:
6.1. Deploy your app
6.2. Deploy your DB and setup user
6.3. Deploy your web server setup
The NEW WAY

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Pros:
OLD
- simpler
- faster
- requires knowledge only for the service(s)
Comparing the OLD vs. NEW ways

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Pros:
OLD
- simpler
- faster
- requires knowledge only for the service(s)
NEW
- repeatable/reproducible
- scalable
- requires less scripting
- removes the requirement to know the actual service(s)

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Conns:
OLD
- requires understanding of the service configuration
- requires bash scripting

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Conns:
OLD
- requires understanding of the service configuration
- requires bash scripting
NEW
- requires a lot of knowledge for high level software
(terraform, nomad, ansible etc.)
- takes longer time to deliver initial setup
- removes the requirements to know the actual services
-

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Dive into the DevOps way

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* Installing teraform
+ typical learning time 1-2 weeks
* Installing Nomad
+ with terraform, around a day
+ without terrafrom 2-3 days
* Choosing the infrastructure configuration
+ decide will we use VMs(KVM, Xen, Hyper-V, AWS, GCP, Azure, Alibaba) or
containers(Docker, LXD, runc)
+ decide how you will split the infra
- will we have web loadbalancers/proxies
- will we keep the DB on the same node as the web application
- will we have a replication for the DB
- will we have a separate node for the firewall
- result should be documented infrastructure and sometimes even a graph
depicting the connection between the nodes
* Decide if you are going to use a secret management system like Vault
* Prepare the deployment configuration
* Test the deployment configuration
* Sometimes... add CI/CD for the application

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When to choose DevOps
over Sysadmin

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➢ You are expecting rapid growth
➢ You are expecting to setup this infrastructure often
➢ You are expecting to reprovision this application often
➢ You need to implement complex CI/CD

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Team considerations

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➢ For DevOps teams of less then 5
➢ if only 2 or 3 people know the tools
➢ if the whole team knows the tools
➢ try to do a deployment with these tools at least 4
times a year and rotate the people doing these test
deployments

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➢ For DevOps teams of more then 5
➢ make sure you have at least 4 persons that
know the tooling
➢ make sure your setup and infrastructure
configuration are well documented
➢ make sure you test frequently your deployments
➢ keep your infrastructure code in a separate repo

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Documentation considerations

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➢ Include links to specific topics from the
upstream documentation
➢ Provide specifics for your own environment
➢ If possible keep these comments within the
infrastructure configuration files, not separate

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Technical considerations

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➢ Scaling is not an automatic process, until you make it
➢ DBs don't scale easy horizontally
➢ replication is mandatory
➢ sharding is preferable, but also not easy
➢ read/write split is needed, but also not easy
➢ LB/Proxies add latency
➢ failure tolerance
➢ Session storage need to scale and be accessible to
all web nodes
➢ Communication between everything is now over TCP,
instead of Unix sockets

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ABSTRACTION
ABSTRACTION
the devil is in the details

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➢ Ansible
➢ just to configure the apache, php and mysql
➢ Terraform
➢ to be able to deploy on different clouds
➢ Nomad
➢ to be able to control the scale

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➢ Ansible
➢ ready made examples
➢ limited functionality
➢ reducing your ability to provide specific configuration
➢ A lot of times resulting in DevOps needing to go around it
and just execute some commands

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➢ Terraform
➢ can do what Ansible can, but it is not built for that :)
➢ abstracts Ansible and makes it harder to understand what
the end result would be
➢ declares the desired end result, not how to reach it
➢ almost entirely removes the resulting configuration from
the equation
➢ problems with terraform configuration may cause delays in
delivering a fixes to the live system

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➢ Nomad
➢ requests a VM/container of a certain type
➢ the type is not defined within Nomad, other tools are used for that
➢ monitors the VMs/containers to decide if you need more or if
some resource needs to be restarted

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Hiring
Hiring

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➢ Candidates focus on the new tech
➢ Forgetting what these tools were build to manage
➢ Not understanding the services (hammer and nail issues)
➢ Learning the basics of system administration is harder
➢ If the provider does not support it, the candidate
does not know it exists/it is possible

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Marian Marinov
Questions?
mm@yuhu.biz

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Marian Marinov
mm@yuhu.biz
Contacts:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mariandmarinov/
https://github.com/hackman
Thank
you!

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