How to use PEST tool to analyse the environment which can bring opportunities and create threats for oil service industry.
The video was not completed but the audio is completed as well the link to download the anal
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how the cost and performance of micro-fluidics are improving. Miro-fluidic devices have small micro-channels that analyze many types of fluidics. They can be fabricated from many materials including paper, textiles, and plastics. Plastics are the most recent to emerge and their fabrication relies on many of the same techniques that are used to fabricate integrated circuits. This means that they have been experiencing very rapid improvements as fabrication techniques are improved for ICs and then used to make micro-fluidic MEMS. (micro-mechanical electrical systems). Micro-fluidics are widely used in health care to analyze bacteria in water, glucose in sweat, nitrate contamination in water, and the blood of mosquitoes. Emerging applications include analysis of blood for early cancer detection.
На базе бизнес-инкубатора Happy Farm открыто новое место конференц-услуг «Happy Spaces»
Конференц-сервис « Happy Spaces» это:
яркие, цветовые решения в интерьере, которые заряжают энергией и позитивом;
креативные дизайнерские решения залов, которые легко мобилизуются под ваши потребности;
новейшие системы звука и света, которые сделают Ваше мероприятие комфортным и незабываемым.
Specialising in Pneumatic Mining and Plant EquipmentPaul Neuman
http://www.pneumax.co.za/home/products | Pneumax provides specialised Pneumatic Mining and Plant Equipment. This includes mechanical valves, valve terminals, solenoid valves, air service units, cylinders, manipulation products and more. Pneumax is also a leading supplier of Imperial Mine Cylinders and Rail Change Cylinder Devices to mines in Africa. Since 1976 Pneumax has supplied the pneumatic and automation industry with quality components.
My sister had a fast marriage that lacked patience, responsibility, trust, and communication and resulted in an unhappy marriage. Another sister had a slow marriage where she developed patience, responsibility, trust, and communication, leading to a happy marriage. The document discusses the differences between fast and slow marriages.
El documento presenta la evaluación del segundo período de Yefferson Nicolás López Buitrago de grado 7D. Habla sobre la pregunta de investigación como un método de aprendizaje que implica investigar sobre cualquier tema con el fin de aprender. Agradece a todos por su ayuda en el proceso de investigación.
This document discusses several popular home technologies that allow users to stay connected and in control of their home. The Nest thermostat and Nest Protect can be controlled remotely via smartphone and use sensors to monitor temperature and detect smoke/carbon monoxide. The Apple TV and Goji Smart Lock allow users to stream content and lock/unlock doors from anywhere. The WeMo baby monitor lets parents monitor children from their phone. The water pebble and light occupancy sensors help save energy by limiting water usage and automatically turning lights off.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how the cost and performance of micro-fluidics are improving. Miro-fluidic devices have small micro-channels that analyze many types of fluidics. They can be fabricated from many materials including paper, textiles, and plastics. Plastics are the most recent to emerge and their fabrication relies on many of the same techniques that are used to fabricate integrated circuits. This means that they have been experiencing very rapid improvements as fabrication techniques are improved for ICs and then used to make micro-fluidic MEMS. (micro-mechanical electrical systems). Micro-fluidics are widely used in health care to analyze bacteria in water, glucose in sweat, nitrate contamination in water, and the blood of mosquitoes. Emerging applications include analysis of blood for early cancer detection.
На базе бизнес-инкубатора Happy Farm открыто новое место конференц-услуг «Happy Spaces»
Конференц-сервис « Happy Spaces» это:
яркие, цветовые решения в интерьере, которые заряжают энергией и позитивом;
креативные дизайнерские решения залов, которые легко мобилизуются под ваши потребности;
новейшие системы звука и света, которые сделают Ваше мероприятие комфортным и незабываемым.
Specialising in Pneumatic Mining and Plant EquipmentPaul Neuman
http://www.pneumax.co.za/home/products | Pneumax provides specialised Pneumatic Mining and Plant Equipment. This includes mechanical valves, valve terminals, solenoid valves, air service units, cylinders, manipulation products and more. Pneumax is also a leading supplier of Imperial Mine Cylinders and Rail Change Cylinder Devices to mines in Africa. Since 1976 Pneumax has supplied the pneumatic and automation industry with quality components.
My sister had a fast marriage that lacked patience, responsibility, trust, and communication and resulted in an unhappy marriage. Another sister had a slow marriage where she developed patience, responsibility, trust, and communication, leading to a happy marriage. The document discusses the differences between fast and slow marriages.
El documento presenta la evaluación del segundo período de Yefferson Nicolás López Buitrago de grado 7D. Habla sobre la pregunta de investigación como un método de aprendizaje que implica investigar sobre cualquier tema con el fin de aprender. Agradece a todos por su ayuda en el proceso de investigación.
This document discusses several popular home technologies that allow users to stay connected and in control of their home. The Nest thermostat and Nest Protect can be controlled remotely via smartphone and use sensors to monitor temperature and detect smoke/carbon monoxide. The Apple TV and Goji Smart Lock allow users to stream content and lock/unlock doors from anywhere. The WeMo baby monitor lets parents monitor children from their phone. The water pebble and light occupancy sensors help save energy by limiting water usage and automatically turning lights off.
Jonas Salk was an American medical researcher who developed the first successful polio vaccine. He was born in 1914 to Russian-Jewish immigrant parents and showed early academic promise. After initially considering a career in law, Salk decided to study medicine and enrolled in medical school. His research on the flu virus led him to focus his efforts on polio. Working tirelessly in his lab, Salk developed the first effective polio vaccine in 1955. Though hailed as a medical hero, Salk shunned publicity and declined to patent the vaccine in order to make it accessible to all. He later established the Salk Institute to further biological research and worked internationally to distribute vaccines globally. Salk received many honors for his work, including
The document discusses fashion trends in 2013 related to accessories, hairstyles, clothing, and makeup. For accessories, it notes the popularity of hats, bags, sunglasses, watches and more. Hairstyles had become more varied, with both short and colorful styles as well as braids. Clothing included short dresses, skirts, pants in various styles. Makeup was also diverse, ranging from bold red lipstick to more natural looks incorporating blush and mascara. Nail polish remained popular among women in different lengths and colors.
The document discusses data types in MySQL, categorizing them into 3 groups: numeric, string, and date/time. It explains numeric types like INT and BIGINT which can be signed or unsigned, affecting their range of values. String types are discussed like VARCHAR and TEXT with varying max lengths. Date/time types store dates, datetimes, timestamps, and years in standard formats. The document provides an overview of MySQL data types and their properties for database design and development.
Midlands Alternative Mining Indaba Declaration 2014ZELA_infor
The document is a declaration from a mining indaba held in Zimbabwe in June 2014. It acknowledges positive contributions from some mining companies but expresses concerns about negative social and environmental impacts and the exclusion of communities from decision-making. It calls on the government to ensure communities benefit from mining, regulate artisanal mining, improve revenue transparency, and legalize informal mining. It also calls on companies and community trusts to increase accountability, benefit sharing, and respect for human rights.
Jollibee Foods Corporation is a Philippine multinational fast food company founded in 1978. It has over 14,000 employees and operates in several international locations. Jollibee expanded internationally for competitive positioning, market seeking, and increasing brand awareness. Their expansion means included exporting, franchising, and greenfield investments. They had successful expansions in the Philippines and Taiwan but failed in Singapore due to partnership issues. Their core values focus on friendliness, flavorful food tailored to customer needs, a fun atmosphere, flexibility, and family. They considered expanding to Australia, Hong Kong, or California next.
Strategic analysis -Air asia case studyJen Vuhuong
This document analyzes AirAsia's business model and strategy. It first provides an overview of AirAsia's vision and low-cost carrier business model. It then performs a PEST analysis of AirAsia's macroenvironment, examining political, economic, social and technological factors. Next, it applies Porter's Five Forces framework to analyze AirAsia's microenvironment and competitive position. It finds AirAsia faces high rivalry from competitors but has bargaining power over buyers. Potential entrants pose a moderate threat. The document concludes by discussing how factors like increased education and willingness to fly cheap flights have reduced the threat of new entrants for AirAsia.
3 key factors to be a great facilitator -JenJen Vuhuong
The document discusses 3 key factors to being a great facilitator: 1) Great preparation such as identifying the topic, outcomes, structure, and potential questions; 2) Flexible facilitating including clearly stating goals, listening, engaging participants, and managing time; 3) Producing outcomes like summarizing ideas, appreciating participants, and sending a summary.
Travelling and working abroad - Ielts topic -JenJen Vuhuong
The document discusses some of the benefits of travelling and living abroad. It states that such experiences can broaden one's horizons and make one a more well-rounded person by exposing them to new cultures and ways of life. Additionally, spending time overseas may alter some beliefs and values as one learns to see things from diverse angles and accept differences in people. However, living in a foreign country also presents challenges such as dealing with language barriers and complications that do not make the transition entirely straightforward or easy.
The document discusses the differences between work, jobs, and careers. Work refers to any physical or mental activity, including jobs, that a person does for money. A job is a regular activity through which a person earns income in exchange for payment. A career, however, refers to the lifelong pursuit of goals and ambitions through a general progression over a long period of time.
Nature, the environment and energy - Nonstopielts-jenJen Vuhuong
Water pollution has two main causes and various damaging effects. The primary cause is emissions from vehicles and factories which contain pollutants that enter water sources through rainwater runoff infiltrating the water table and contaminating rivers and lakes. The secondary cause is the accidental or deliberate dumping of waste outside of regulated disposal areas, allowing small amounts of waste to seep into groundwater supplies. Effects of water pollution include harm to the biosphere as polluted water impacts animal life, and consequences for human society as contaminated water sources affect public health.
Government and authorities Topic - Nonstop Ielts- JenJen Vuhuong
This document defines and provides examples for several vocabulary words related to government, authorities, and crime. It defines words like "trustworthy", "paramount", "devious", and "deterrent" and provides their pronunciations and examples of usage. It also defines terms like "commit an offence", "community service", "rehabilitation", "offenders", and "lateral thinking" and how they relate to laws and the criminal justice system.
Culture, art and tradition nonstop ielts-jenJen Vuhuong
This document contains definitions and examples for terms related to culture, art, and traditions. It defines key words such as rituals, parades, mythology, and handicrafts. For each term, it provides the pronunciation, meaning, and an example sentence to illustrate how the word is used. The document appears to be notes compiled by Jennifer Vu Huong on various topics for educational purposes.
Event planner - Interviewing questions Jen Vuhuong
Jennifer is applying for an event officer position at VECO, an NGO working to improve farmers' livelihoods in Vietnam. She has experience coordinating events and believes her people skills, time management, passion for helping farmers, and ability to handle challenges well make her suited for the role. The documents discuss two upcoming VECO events - a cycling fundraiser visiting VECO projects, and a volunteer visit from Belgium - and the tasks involved in preparing for them, such as accommodations, transportation, and partner visits. Jennifer is enthusiastic about the opportunity to utilize her skills on an international scale to support VECO's mission of empowering farmers.
Why do you want to study international managementJen Vuhuong
The document discusses why the author wants to study international management. It discusses advancing business skills in an international environment, developing leadership skills on a global scale through owning their own business idea, and gaining decision making, problem solving, and interpersonal skills on a global level. The author also wants to create an international mastermind group to share business ideas and feedback, change common practices through applicable real-world research, and gain networking and travel opportunities through a diverse multicultural study environment.
Jennifer wants to study at UWE Bristol for several reasons:
1) It offers suitable courses that are interesting and benefit her career, including courses supported by her CHEVENING scholarship.
2) UWE Bristol provides a high quality of teaching as it is ranked 50th best in the UK and receives an "Excellent" score for teaching quality.
3) The university has a diverse, multicultural environment that allows for networking and international community building through travelling and outdoor activities in Bristol, one of the best cities to live in near countryside.
The document discusses the reasons why the author wants to study in the UK, including a love of the English language, a desire to experience the UK's high-quality education system and learn from its top economy, to be with family and friends living in the UK and immerse herself in its culture, and to take advantage of the UK's multicultural environment and location in Europe for traveling and networking opportunities.
Countryside and agriculture VOCABULARY - IELTS BAND 9Jen Vuhuong
The document discusses various terms related to studying the topic of countryside and agriculture. It provides definitions, pronunciations, examples, and notes for key vocabulary words including remote viewing, environmental awareness, far-flung, crop rotation, material considerations, abundance, forestry, water bodies, subsistence, self-sufficient, smallholders, animal husbandry, and country dwellers vs. city dwellers.
Santa Clause Competition! The document discusses a competition for Santa Clauses to come up with ideas for the best Christmas, with topics like movies, people, places, and food. It outlines rules for teams to act out topics in silence and buzz in to answer, with points awarded based on correct answers. The competition includes activities like Christmas caroling and a gift exchange.
How to make better decisions thinking, fast and slow - jennifer vu huongJen Vuhuong
All decisions we make in our life are the battles between the 2 systems: Fast and slow system.
The presentation will talk about the characteristics and how to make the best use of the two systems.
Jonas Salk was an American medical researcher who developed the first successful polio vaccine. He was born in 1914 to Russian-Jewish immigrant parents and showed early academic promise. After initially considering a career in law, Salk decided to study medicine and enrolled in medical school. His research on the flu virus led him to focus his efforts on polio. Working tirelessly in his lab, Salk developed the first effective polio vaccine in 1955. Though hailed as a medical hero, Salk shunned publicity and declined to patent the vaccine in order to make it accessible to all. He later established the Salk Institute to further biological research and worked internationally to distribute vaccines globally. Salk received many honors for his work, including
The document discusses fashion trends in 2013 related to accessories, hairstyles, clothing, and makeup. For accessories, it notes the popularity of hats, bags, sunglasses, watches and more. Hairstyles had become more varied, with both short and colorful styles as well as braids. Clothing included short dresses, skirts, pants in various styles. Makeup was also diverse, ranging from bold red lipstick to more natural looks incorporating blush and mascara. Nail polish remained popular among women in different lengths and colors.
The document discusses data types in MySQL, categorizing them into 3 groups: numeric, string, and date/time. It explains numeric types like INT and BIGINT which can be signed or unsigned, affecting their range of values. String types are discussed like VARCHAR and TEXT with varying max lengths. Date/time types store dates, datetimes, timestamps, and years in standard formats. The document provides an overview of MySQL data types and their properties for database design and development.
Midlands Alternative Mining Indaba Declaration 2014ZELA_infor
The document is a declaration from a mining indaba held in Zimbabwe in June 2014. It acknowledges positive contributions from some mining companies but expresses concerns about negative social and environmental impacts and the exclusion of communities from decision-making. It calls on the government to ensure communities benefit from mining, regulate artisanal mining, improve revenue transparency, and legalize informal mining. It also calls on companies and community trusts to increase accountability, benefit sharing, and respect for human rights.
Jollibee Foods Corporation is a Philippine multinational fast food company founded in 1978. It has over 14,000 employees and operates in several international locations. Jollibee expanded internationally for competitive positioning, market seeking, and increasing brand awareness. Their expansion means included exporting, franchising, and greenfield investments. They had successful expansions in the Philippines and Taiwan but failed in Singapore due to partnership issues. Their core values focus on friendliness, flavorful food tailored to customer needs, a fun atmosphere, flexibility, and family. They considered expanding to Australia, Hong Kong, or California next.
Strategic analysis -Air asia case studyJen Vuhuong
This document analyzes AirAsia's business model and strategy. It first provides an overview of AirAsia's vision and low-cost carrier business model. It then performs a PEST analysis of AirAsia's macroenvironment, examining political, economic, social and technological factors. Next, it applies Porter's Five Forces framework to analyze AirAsia's microenvironment and competitive position. It finds AirAsia faces high rivalry from competitors but has bargaining power over buyers. Potential entrants pose a moderate threat. The document concludes by discussing how factors like increased education and willingness to fly cheap flights have reduced the threat of new entrants for AirAsia.
3 key factors to be a great facilitator -JenJen Vuhuong
The document discusses 3 key factors to being a great facilitator: 1) Great preparation such as identifying the topic, outcomes, structure, and potential questions; 2) Flexible facilitating including clearly stating goals, listening, engaging participants, and managing time; 3) Producing outcomes like summarizing ideas, appreciating participants, and sending a summary.
Travelling and working abroad - Ielts topic -JenJen Vuhuong
The document discusses some of the benefits of travelling and living abroad. It states that such experiences can broaden one's horizons and make one a more well-rounded person by exposing them to new cultures and ways of life. Additionally, spending time overseas may alter some beliefs and values as one learns to see things from diverse angles and accept differences in people. However, living in a foreign country also presents challenges such as dealing with language barriers and complications that do not make the transition entirely straightforward or easy.
The document discusses the differences between work, jobs, and careers. Work refers to any physical or mental activity, including jobs, that a person does for money. A job is a regular activity through which a person earns income in exchange for payment. A career, however, refers to the lifelong pursuit of goals and ambitions through a general progression over a long period of time.
Nature, the environment and energy - Nonstopielts-jenJen Vuhuong
Water pollution has two main causes and various damaging effects. The primary cause is emissions from vehicles and factories which contain pollutants that enter water sources through rainwater runoff infiltrating the water table and contaminating rivers and lakes. The secondary cause is the accidental or deliberate dumping of waste outside of regulated disposal areas, allowing small amounts of waste to seep into groundwater supplies. Effects of water pollution include harm to the biosphere as polluted water impacts animal life, and consequences for human society as contaminated water sources affect public health.
Government and authorities Topic - Nonstop Ielts- JenJen Vuhuong
This document defines and provides examples for several vocabulary words related to government, authorities, and crime. It defines words like "trustworthy", "paramount", "devious", and "deterrent" and provides their pronunciations and examples of usage. It also defines terms like "commit an offence", "community service", "rehabilitation", "offenders", and "lateral thinking" and how they relate to laws and the criminal justice system.
Culture, art and tradition nonstop ielts-jenJen Vuhuong
This document contains definitions and examples for terms related to culture, art, and traditions. It defines key words such as rituals, parades, mythology, and handicrafts. For each term, it provides the pronunciation, meaning, and an example sentence to illustrate how the word is used. The document appears to be notes compiled by Jennifer Vu Huong on various topics for educational purposes.
Event planner - Interviewing questions Jen Vuhuong
Jennifer is applying for an event officer position at VECO, an NGO working to improve farmers' livelihoods in Vietnam. She has experience coordinating events and believes her people skills, time management, passion for helping farmers, and ability to handle challenges well make her suited for the role. The documents discuss two upcoming VECO events - a cycling fundraiser visiting VECO projects, and a volunteer visit from Belgium - and the tasks involved in preparing for them, such as accommodations, transportation, and partner visits. Jennifer is enthusiastic about the opportunity to utilize her skills on an international scale to support VECO's mission of empowering farmers.
Why do you want to study international managementJen Vuhuong
The document discusses why the author wants to study international management. It discusses advancing business skills in an international environment, developing leadership skills on a global scale through owning their own business idea, and gaining decision making, problem solving, and interpersonal skills on a global level. The author also wants to create an international mastermind group to share business ideas and feedback, change common practices through applicable real-world research, and gain networking and travel opportunities through a diverse multicultural study environment.
Jennifer wants to study at UWE Bristol for several reasons:
1) It offers suitable courses that are interesting and benefit her career, including courses supported by her CHEVENING scholarship.
2) UWE Bristol provides a high quality of teaching as it is ranked 50th best in the UK and receives an "Excellent" score for teaching quality.
3) The university has a diverse, multicultural environment that allows for networking and international community building through travelling and outdoor activities in Bristol, one of the best cities to live in near countryside.
The document discusses the reasons why the author wants to study in the UK, including a love of the English language, a desire to experience the UK's high-quality education system and learn from its top economy, to be with family and friends living in the UK and immerse herself in its culture, and to take advantage of the UK's multicultural environment and location in Europe for traveling and networking opportunities.
Countryside and agriculture VOCABULARY - IELTS BAND 9Jen Vuhuong
The document discusses various terms related to studying the topic of countryside and agriculture. It provides definitions, pronunciations, examples, and notes for key vocabulary words including remote viewing, environmental awareness, far-flung, crop rotation, material considerations, abundance, forestry, water bodies, subsistence, self-sufficient, smallholders, animal husbandry, and country dwellers vs. city dwellers.
Santa Clause Competition! The document discusses a competition for Santa Clauses to come up with ideas for the best Christmas, with topics like movies, people, places, and food. It outlines rules for teams to act out topics in silence and buzz in to answer, with points awarded based on correct answers. The competition includes activities like Christmas caroling and a gift exchange.
How to make better decisions thinking, fast and slow - jennifer vu huongJen Vuhuong
All decisions we make in our life are the battles between the 2 systems: Fast and slow system.
The presentation will talk about the characteristics and how to make the best use of the two systems.
The 80 20 principle (richard john koch) - presented by jennifer vu huongJen Vuhuong
It is my presentation to summarize about the 80/20 principle - richard john.
I believe if we all can focus on the major things (20% of all things we have been doing) that really matter to us, we can achieve tremendous results (80% of the results)!
It is the power of FOCUS!
The majority of the results come from the minority of the causes.
Non-stop living, loving and giving and make a difference! Today!
[Jennifer vu huong]Product and process Engineering- New Design for a cameraJen Vuhuong
The document describes the quality function deployment (QFD) process used to design a new compact camera based on the COOPLIX P90 camera.
The QFD process involves identifying customer needs, engineering requirements to meet those needs, and the relationship between the two. Customer needs are determined through surveys and benchmarking competitors. Engineering requirements are developed that directly impact customer needs. The relationship between the two is mapped in a house of quality diagram. Additional steps include functional analysis, morphological matrix, and selecting a manufacturing process. The end goal is to design a portable, easy to use camera that takes great pictures.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
How to apply PEST analysis
1. PEST analysis – TRONICS case
PEST analysis (Political, economic, social and technological) is an environmental scanning framework
(Grantt, 2015) which is used for assessing the external environment or the market or the macro
environment of a business and is normally carried out before a SWOT analysis (Panah, 2016).
Changes in the macro-environment (measured by PEST) can impact on the industry environment
(measured by Porter’s five forces), thereby influence the internal environment of organizations
(resources and capabilities) (Panah, 2016). This essay will apply PEST analysis to the case of Tronics.
Tronics is an international full-service manufacturer of MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) in
the oil prospecting industry. Hence, the essay will examine how each macro-environment factor
(political, economic, social, and technological) influences on the oil prospection industry and then
MEMS organizations like Tronics regarding the costs, risks, and benefits of doing business nationally
or internationally. At the end of the essay, a conclusion will show the overall impact of PEST factors
on the oil industry and Tronics.
Political factors Political factors are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the
economy. Political factors include areas such as tax policy, environmental law, labor law, trade
restriction, tariffs, and political stability (Panah, 2016). The political risk generally increases when oil
companies are working on deposits abroad. Political factors have significant impacts on oil industry
then MEMS firms like Tronics regarding cost and risk. The first significant political determinant is the
powerful impact of OPEC (the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) on crude oil price
and production. The OPEC nations (such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,
etc.) are the major producers of world's crude oil (account for around 43% of world oil
production(Wikipedia, 2015)). A higher crude oil price leads to a higher price of energy, which in turn
negatively affects other directly or indirectly dependent trading practices. As a result, it increases the
risk of doing business for oil industry then oil services firms like Tronics. Also, most OPEC nations
have political instability, legal instability, and corruption. Any conflict happened in the unstable
situation can disturb/influence oil production and its transport, resulting in the rising of oil price. The
political instability can also affect oil is in the regulatory sense, or regulations that limit where, when
and how extraction is done. Hence, it increases the risk and cost for oil firms and then MEMS firms
like Tronics. Another major political determinant is the license required for doing oil prospection in
the oil sources located countries. Companies specialized in oil prospection have to be granted an
exploration license and sign different contracts (concession agreements, production sharing
contracts, service contracts, and join-ventures). Hence, it increases cost for oil firms and then MEMS
firms.
Once again, political risk is significant in the oil industry which can increase risk and cost of MEMS
firms like Tronics. Therefore, it is important for the firms to have effective ways of management risk.
Economic factors Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates, &
inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate & make decisions. In
particular, these factors affect the costs and profitability of business. Because of the supplier-
customer interdependence characterizing the relationship between the oil industry and the oil
service industry like MEMS industry, in this case, the two have every similarity in their economic
patterns. The recession is one of the important determinants. Recession can cause a drop in demand
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2. for oil. Operations take a lot of capital and time to get going, so a drop in oil demand cause a huge
loss for oil companies that directly leads to a reduction in profits of MEMS firms as Tronics. In
general, downstream oil companies such as BP, Chevron, Exxon, Shell, etc. spend around 5 to 10% of
their total sales on prospecting, which is a significant investment. But if they face a demand drop in
the oil industry, they may become more cautious in their investments. As the case study mentioned,
due to the world recession, so the oil demand dropped, oil industry suffered a 12% drop in turnover.
Vibtech, a shareholder of Tronics, the market leader in oil exploration industry, experienced a 30%
drop in activity during the recession. However, the impact of the second economic factor which is
economic growth brings a promising future opportunity for the oil industry. Although the share of oil
decreased, oil and gas still account for almost 60% of the total world's primary energy consumption.
Moreover, the market is expected to be healthy with an increase in the demand, particularly in
developing countries, even though the recession is still affecting developed countries. Hence, oil
companies need to invest more on prospection new oil resources which helps increase revenues for
oil service firms like Tronics a positive future. As the data in the case study, the global MEMS
components market is predicted to reach 21 Billion in 2017, the unit compound annual growth rate
increased 17.4% from 2008 to 2013, and the revenue compound annual growth rate increased by
6,5%.
Social factors include cultural aspects and health consciousness, population growth rate, age
distribution, and career attitudes. Trends in social and demographic factors affect the demand for a
company's products and how that business operates, thereby influences firms’ cost and profits. The
social factors are not so significant as political and economic factors.
Firstly, there is a strong opinion on the sustainability of resources or green issues in oil sources
located countries. The negative effect of oil exploration such as various oil spills that have occurred
in the past, particularly the 2012 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, led the governments to strengthen
their regulations related to deep-water oil exploration, which has made oil exploration more time to
consume and therefore more costly. Hence, oil firms may be cautious on investments of prospecting
oil that can reduce the profits of MEMS firms like Tronics.
Secondly, there is a trend towards alternative solutions to oil such as coal coal-25%, gas-20%,
renewable energy (hydropower, 13%; nuclear -7%). The potential competitive substitutes receive
political and financial from many governments that can be threats to the oil industry. It can cause a
drop in demand for oil, so that reduce profits of firms like Tronics. However, the potential substitute
may seem a little impact at the moment due to unavailability of production of more economical
forms of alternative energy such as solar and wind energy. Moreover, global warming may offer new
opportunities for oil exploitation because global warming leads to the Arctic ice thaw, and the Arctic
Ocean contains one of the world's largest oil reserves. Therefore, oil firms may invest more on oil
exploration, so that helps increases demand MEMS products, thereby increases profits for MEMS
firms like Tronics.
Technological factors include technological aspects such as R&D activity, automation, technology
incentives and the rate of technological change. Technological factors can determine barriers to
entry, minimum efficient production level & influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore,
technological shifts can affect costs, quality, & lead to innovation (Panah, 2016). It is a major force
which has a significant impact on the oil industry. On the one hand, the technology is profoundly
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3. connected with oil prices is not cheap and requires a lot of money for R&D. Firms have to invest on
technologies in each stage of oil production, from analyzing potential drilling sites, acquiring land
rights to develop new sites, drilling and extraction, pipeline construction, project operation and
maintenance, and standardizing organizational procedures. Moreover, it requires the composite
knowledge modules between oil firms, suppliers, and MEMS firms. These stakeholders are
dependent on research centers, institutions, etc regarding acquiring 80% tactic knowledge required
to industrialize MEMS products. Technologies of the complementary products and substitutable
products can be threats for oil industries. The complementary (like represented by auto vehicles,
airplanes, ships, etc.), the substitutable products (such as coal, gas, hydrocarbon, renewable energy
and nuclear) influence the demand for oil by developing technologies that will reduce the
consumption of oil products or replaced them with other a substitutable product accordingly. On the
other hand, technological advancements are being introduced at each stage of productions that
allow oil firms to reduce cost and risk. Technological advances have made it possible to drill deeper
and deeper into the seabed, which has provided opportunities to explore more areas. Few
companies in the world operate in the niche oil service market like Tronics, which is protected by
high entry barriers. Also, there are a lot of potential opportunities in the market for oil firms to
follow strategic alliances that increase the flexibility in the development of new capabilities; to
create value chain strategies and consequently, reduce cost, or joint venture to reduce cost and
share risk and access to partners’ resources and capabilities. The innovation of market technology
also provides opportunities for firms to reduce cost and increase efficiency.
In conclusion, it is risky (because of political factors such as OPEC impact and license requirement)
and costly (sustainability development, technologies, and R&D investment) for MEMS firms like
Tronics to invest in the oil prospection industry. However, there is a promising future for gaining
profits because of the economic growth in developing countries. Firms like Tronics need to have risk
managements as well as technology advantage to gain the competitive advantage. Because PEST just
gives a big picture, it is necessary to carry out SWOT and Porter’s five forces before firms can make a
decision.
(Alternative conclusion: Tronics needs to be aware of the risk caused by Political factors but also
need to keep in mind the likely future prospects of the market especially in developing countries in
terms of economic growth and the rate of technological development.)
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