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How have overfishing and non-sustainable fishing methods affected our oceans?.ppt
1. 4 Questions
1. What are our current fishing practices?
2. What impacts do these practices have
on the ocean floor?
3. What are the major problems plaguing
our oceans?
4. What are some solutions?
1
3. Fig. 12-A, p. 255
Fish farming
in cage
Trawler
fishing
Spotter airplane
Sonar
Trawl flap
Trawl
lines
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl bag
Fish
school
Drift-net fishing
Long line
fishing
Lines with
hooks
Fish caught
by gills
Deep sea
aquaculture cage
Float Buoy
5. Fig. 12-A, p. 255
Fish farming
in cage
Trawler
fishing
Spotter airplane
Sonar
Trawl flap
Trawl
lines
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl bag
Fish
school
Drift-net fishing
Long line
fishing
Lines with
hooks
Fish caught
by gills
Deep sea
aquaculture cage
Float Buoy
6. What impacts do these have
on ocean life?
• Area of ocean before and after a
trawler net, acting like a giant
plow, scraped it.
Figure 12-2
7. What are the current
problems in our oceans?
• The major decline in the worldwide
catch of fish since 1990 is because of
over-fishing.
• By-catch- fish or animals that were
not meant to be caught.
• Pollution in the 5 major gyres ( Trash
patches)
• Whaling
8. Overfishing and Extinction:
Gone Fishing, Fish Gone
• About 75% of the world’s
commercially valuable marine fish
species are over fished or fished
near their sustainable limits.
– Big fish are becoming scarce.
– Smaller fish are next.
– We throw away 40% of the fish we
catch.
– We needlessly kill sea mammals and
birds.
16. Whaling
• IWC: International Whaling Commission
– Set up in 1946
– 1986 Zero whale catch was introduced (except for
subsistence fishermen which have limited numbers)
• JAPAN Whaling : RESEARCH
– “North Pacific (2) - JARPN II (2000 and ongoing)
It included sub-projects on:
1) feeding ecology (including prey consumption and
preferences of cetaceans and ecosystem modeling);
2) stock structure;
3) environmental effects on cetaceans and the marine
ecosystem
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17312460
http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/03/01/japan-retreats-whale-hunt
• WHALE WARS 16
20. How do we do this…
• Market Place
– Read labels
• Economic Incentives
– TEDs
– Round hooks
– No more subsidies
– Optimum sustainable yield
– Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ’s)
• Regulatory Approaches
– IWC
– Japan Whaling Research
– Exclusive Economic Zones vs. high seas
– Marine Protected Areas (MPA’s)
21. Aquacultures aka Blue
Revolution
Advantages
• Possibly support 50%
of world’s seafood
need.
• Low fuel cost
• High yield in low
volume of water
• Reduces
overharvesting
Disadvantages
• Large waste output
• Destroy habitats
• Uses grain to feed some
species
• Dense populations
susceptible to disease.
• Escapes threatens wild
fish populations (Disease,
competition and
interbreeding)