How does Academia fare in the realm of Web Security?
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This document summarizes research into web security practices across different industry sectors. The research analyzed HTTPS and HTTP header adoption for various sectors using Alexa categories. Key findings include the adult industry having the highest HTTPS adoption rate at 81%, while news and recreation were lowest at 8%. The most popular cipher suite was ECDHE RSA with AES256, and the top certificate authorities were Comodo, GoDaddy, and Symantec. TLS 1.2 was the most used protocol version. For academic institutions, HTTPS was used by 303 of 438 surveyed sites, with QuoVadis and Let's Encrypt being the most popular certificate authorities. TLS 1.2 and Apache web server were also most common.
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ONLINE ACCESSThank you for purchasing a new copy of Bu.docx
ONLINE ACCESS
Thank you for purchasing a new copy of Business Data Communications: Infrastructure,
Networking and Security, Seventh Edition. Your textbook includes six months of prepaid
access to the book’s Premium Content Website. This prepaid subscription provides you
with full access to the following student support areas:
Online Chapters
Online Appendices
Supporting Documents
Supplemental Homework Problems and
Solution
s
Use a coin to scratch off the coating and reveal your student access code.
Do not use a knife or other sharp object as it may damage the code.
To access the Business Data Communications: Infrastructure, Networking and Security,
Seventh Edition, Premium Content Website for the first time, you will need to register
online using a computer with an Internet connection and a Web browser. The process
takes just a couple of minutes and only needs to be completed once.
1. Go to http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stallings/
2. Click on Premium Content and Web Chapters.
3. Click on the Register button.
4. On the registration page, enter your student access code* found beneath the scratch-
off panel. Do not type the dashes. You can use lower- or uppercase.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions. If you need help at any time during the online
registration process, simply click the Need Help? icon.
6. Once your personal Login Name and Password are confirmed, you can begin using
the Business Data Communications: Infrastructure, Networking and Security
Premium Content Website!
To log in after you have registered:
You only need to register for this Premium Content Website once. After that, you can log
in any time at http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stallings/ by providing your Login Name
and Password when prompted.
*Important: The access code can only be used once. This subscription is valid for six
months upon activation and is not transferable. If this access code has already been
revealed, it may no longer be valid. If this is the case, you can purchase a subscription
by going to http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stallings/ and following the on-screen
instructions.
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Networking and Security, Seventh Edition. Your textbook includes six months of prepaid
access to the book’s Premium Content Website. This prepaid subscription provides you
with full access to the following student support areas:
Online Chapters
Online Appendices
Supporting Documents
Supplemental Homework Problems and
Solution
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Use a coin to scratch off the coating and reveal your student access code.
Do not use a knife or other sharp object as it may damage the code.
To access the Business Data Communications: Infrastructure, Networking and Security,
Seventh Edition, Premium Content Website for the first time, you will need to register
online using a computer with an Internet connection and a Web browser. The process
takes just a couple of minutes and only needs to be completed once.
1. Go to http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stallings/
2. Click on Premium Content and Web Chapters.
3. Click on the Register button.
4. On the registration page, enter your student access code* found beneath the scratch-
off panel. Do not type the dashes. You can use lower- or uppercase.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions. If you need help at any time during the online
registration process, simply click the Need Help? icon.
6. Once your personal Login Name and Password are confirmed, you can begin using
the Business Data Communications: Infrastructure, Networking and Security
Premium Content Website!
To log in after you have registered:
You only need to register for this Premium Content Website once. After that, you can log
in any time at http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stallings/ by providing your Login Name
and Password when prompted.
*Important: The access code can only be used once. This subscription is valid for six
months upon activation and is not transferable. If this access code has already been
revealed, it may no longer be valid. If this is the case, you can purchase a subscription
by going to http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stallings/ and following the on-screen
instructions.
ACRONYMS
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ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
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Information Interchange
ASK Amplitude-Shift Keying
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
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DES Data Encryption Standard
DDP Distributed Data Processing
DNS Domain Name System
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing
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Commission
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6.2. The protocols that comprise TLS are SSL change cipher spec protocol, SSL handshake protocol, SSL record protocol, and SSL alert protocol. 6.3. TLS
connection Versus TLS session
TLS Connection is a transport layer of the OSI layering model which has dedicated services deliver between the layers in that it brings out the connections in the form
of peer-to-peer relationships. The connections can be said to be transient such that each connection has association with one session. TLS Session is the
association that exists between a server and a client whereby it is created in the Handshake Protocol. It is the TLS Sessions that defines cryptographic security
parameters that are sharable between multiple connections. 6.3. Parameters which defines TLS session state
Session identifier- this is an arbitrary byte sequence which is chosen by the server and it helps in identification of active or session state that are resumable.
Peer certificate- this is an X509.v3 certificate that are used by the peer. Compression method- is a standard algorithm which is used in compressing data
before encryption. Cipher spec- it helps in specifying the bulk data encryption algorithm be it null or DESas well as hash algorithm like SHA-1 that are common in MAC
calculation. Master secret- a 48-byte secret which is shared only between server and the client. Is resumable – this is a flag which helps in indicating if a particular
session is usable in initiating new connections or not. 6.4. Parameters defining TLS session connect.
Maximizing Performance with SPDY and SSL
This document discusses optimizing performance when using SPDY and SSL. It describes how SPDY works by encapsulating HTTP requests within a single encrypted SSL connection. It focuses on setting up a valid SSL connection that supports SPDY and optimizing SSL handshakes, certificates, and encryption to improve performance. Specific techniques discussed include resuming SSL sessions, avoiding delays from certificate validation, using appropriate encryption algorithms and keys, and ensuring all traffic is redirected to HTTPS. Tools for analyzing SSL/SPDY configuration like SSL Labs and SPDYCheck are also mentioned.
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How does Academia fare in the realm of Web Security?
- 1. How does Academia fare in the realm of Web Security?
- 3. Cryptography Across Industry Sectors Investigation into HTTPS and HTTP header adoption across industry sectors Used Alexa categories for identify industry sector Prof. Bill Buchanan OBE Prof. Alan Woodward Scott Helme
- 4. Our Key Findings HTTPS Highest share of HTTPS adoption is 81% in the Adult industry section News and Recreation share lowest share at 8% Cipher Suite ECDHE RSA w/ AES256 GCM SHA384 is the most popular across the majority of industry sectors Certificate Authority COMODO, GoDaddy and Symantic podium across all industry sectors Let’s Encrypt appears in Top 10 for Adult and Games TLS Version TLSv1.2 is the overwhelmingly most used version. TLSv1.0 is most used in Recreation HTTP Headers Highest share of HTTPS adoption is 81% in the Adult industry section Web Server Apache was the most popular across all industry sectors
- 5. Adult, Arts, Business, Computers, Games, Health, Home, Kids and Teens, News, Recreation, Reference, Regional, Science, Shopping, Society, Sports, World
- 6. Methodology
- 7. Ask a Friend I manage to rope Lloyd into writing a scanner ● Written in Go ● Available upon request ● May need some tweaks
- 8. Creating a List of Academic Institutions 3 College mergers! Go through college mergers which don’t have their own sites and add each of the individual colleges Raises total to 490 1 National Student Survey provides 438 institutions across UK 2 Upon inspection of the dataset numerous Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish institutions are not included on the list. Adding these raised the total to 475
- 9. Results
- 10. Key Findings HTTPS Of the 490 sites, 438 responded Out of these 438 sites only 303 had HTTPS redirects Cipher Suite TLS ECDHE RSA w/ AES 256 CBC SHA is the most used cipher suite There was 251 unknown results Certificate Authority QuoVadis is the most popular CA at 140 sites Let’s Encrypt was 2nd most popular at 51 TLS Version TLS 1.2 is the most popular TLS version at 292 10 sites are using TLS 1.0 HTTP Headers Total 420 HTTP headers across 438 websites X-Frame-Options is the most common at 133 Only 16 sites have CSPs Web Server Apache is by far the most popular web server used at 171 sites Followed by Nginx and then Microsoft IIS