1) The document discusses Richard Buchanan's "Four Orders of Design" which expands the concept of design beyond just graphic and product design to also include the design of societies/cultures and complex systems.
2) Buchanan argues these four orders are "places of invention" that involve a common "design thinking" which Michael Polanyi described as starting from a "subsidiary awareness" and forming a new "gestalt" or whole.
3) The document claims design is a form of "skilled guessing" where designers traverse the space between a current understanding and new ideas through tools like language and heuristics.
-Carpeta O Medio Mariño: cadernos informativos e fichas de traballo: o medio, as plantas, as aves, os peixes, os crustáceos, os moluscos, varios, o home (1994-95)
-Carpeta O Medio Mariño: cadernos informativos e fichas de traballo: o medio, as plantas, as aves, os peixes, os crustáceos, os moluscos, varios, o home (1994-95)
La mediación tecnológica educativa responde a la relación dada entre el docente, los estudiantes y el contenido, bajo el uso de las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC).
Presentation about the importance of conversation given at the Scottish Knowledge Management Network meeting held at the Subsea7 offices in Aberdeen on 3 February 2011.
Learning for knowledgeable action: A mini presentation Nov 6 2013Lina Markauskaite
Foundational ideas that underpin rethinking of Epistemic Fluency and Knowlegeable Action in Professional Learning. Learning as creating epistemic environment and conci(ienci)ous self
La mediación tecnológica educativa responde a la relación dada entre el docente, los estudiantes y el contenido, bajo el uso de las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC).
Presentation about the importance of conversation given at the Scottish Knowledge Management Network meeting held at the Subsea7 offices in Aberdeen on 3 February 2011.
Learning for knowledgeable action: A mini presentation Nov 6 2013Lina Markauskaite
Foundational ideas that underpin rethinking of Epistemic Fluency and Knowlegeable Action in Professional Learning. Learning as creating epistemic environment and conci(ienci)ous self
Presentation delivered to QRCA (qualitative research consultants assoc) at their annual conference in Atlanta, Nov 2006, as part of the AQR @ QRCA plenary session
Ideas not understood are lost potential. The exponentially growing amount of information that
dominates our times and makes them successful is also growing in complexity. We approach
it with ever-new ideas. They are the significant commodities of our time. The information
society emerged from these ideas, and – in contrast to earlier ages – we need more and more
of them in order to master the mass of information and the consequences for understanding,
processing, and creating.
IDEA DESIGN, including the D'ARTAGNAN Principle as the ontological key as well as methods
for idea quality control, was developed based on SABINE FISCHER's 2012 dissertation, “The
Contemporary Use of the Term Idea, the Linguistic Shaping of Ideas and their Semantic Optimisation
Potential”5 at the European University Viadrina.
A Complexity Approach to Managing Technology Enabled Business TransformationMikkel Brahm
When transformation efforts fail even though we have followed the latest theories and best practices, part of the explanation often is that 'there is a difference between theory and practice'. In this presentation Mikkel Brahm explains that difference between orthodox theory and practice, which we must be aware of to avoid certain pitfalls, and draws on less orthodox theory to help cope with these challenges.
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This slide explains various definitions of cognitive science, the scope of cognitive science in various disciplines, and the evolution of cognitive science from the beginning.
Behind the courtain of a paper: Interdisciplinary research from the idea to d...Federico Gobbo
DIT - Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 2, Ireland. 7 November 2015. Special Lecture within the module “Research Methods and Proposal Writing” in the School of Computing.
CHAPTER 1Two Case Studies in Creativity Creative thinking brings a.docxwalterl4
CHAPTER 1Two Case Studies in Creativity Creative thinking brings about new things—innovations—ranging from solutions to simple puzzles and riddles to ideas and inventions that have radically altered our world. Creative people are those who produce such innovations, and the creative process consists of the psychological processes involved in bringing about innovations. Figures 1.1A and 1.1B give examples of some of the more impressive products of creative thinking. In Figure 1.1C are some simple exercises that might result in creative thinking on your part. If you had never seen those puzzles and riddles before, and if you solved one or more of them, then you were thinking creatively when you did so—you produced something new. In this book, we will consider the full range of creativity, ranging from solving simple puzzles to producing the seminal innovations shown in Figures 1.1A and 1.1B. We will examine a wide range of recent research on creativity, as well as theories that have been developed to explain the processes involved when people produce innovations. There are many reasons why creativity is a critically important topic for psychologists to understand. First of all, our world has been shaped by the products of creative thinkers. All of our modern conveniences—the telephone and other modes of communication, the automobile, the airplane, computers, and so forth—have been brought about through the creative work of inventors and scientists. Our healthy existences and our ever-longer lives are the result of scientific and medical advances, which are the result of creative thinking on the part of scientists in many domains. Much of the richness of our lives—art, music, drama, literature, poetry—is the result of artistic creativity. Society values greatly the products of creative thinking; we bestow honors, such as Nobel Prizes, on those who have produced such things, and the stories of their lives and accomplishments fill our history books and encyclopedias. By understanding how creative products are brought about, we may be able to increase the likelihood that innovations will occur, thereby making life better for us all. Figure 1.1 Examples of creative thinking (1937): A, DNA: The double helix; B, Picasso’s Guernica; C, Examples of problems In addition, creative thinking is also big business. Our largest and most prestigious corporations, as well as the largest government agencies, are constantly searching for ways to be more innovative, and they pay handsome fees to consultants who will help them achieve new levels of innovation from their employees. Institutions of higher education also take interest in teaching creative thinking. Many university business schools offer courses that are designed to provide business leaders—both those of the future and present-day ones who return for a refresher—with skills that will enable them to solve on-the-job problems. At the grassroots level, one constantly reads accounts of debates concerning the.
Similar to How Do You Use Design To Reshape An Organisation (20)
CHAPTER 1Two Case Studies in Creativity Creative thinking brings a.docx
How Do You Use Design To Reshape An Organisation
1. How do you use design to reshape an organisation? David Jones September 6 2011
2. What do we mean by “design”?In everyday use, this is what we attach “design” to: 1. 2. “Posters ” (graphic design) “Toasters”(industrial design) Things a person interacts with Things talking to a person
3. What do we mean by “design”? Richard Buchanan stretched the word further. He identified 4 orders of design, 2 of which lie beyond the familiar world of “Posters and Toasters”: 3. 4. Societies and cultures Systems Groups of people and things in interaction with other groups of people and things Groups of people and things in interaction
4. Buchanan’s “Four Orders of Design” 4. Groups of people and things in interaction with other groups of people and things 4 broad areas where design is deployed… 3. Complex systems and environments Groups of people and things in interaction 2. Activities and organised services Things a person interacts with 1. Material objects Things talking to a person Buchanan stresses these are these are not to be reduced to categories of design products. They are “places of invention” shared by all designers Symbolic and visual communications
5. Buchanan’s “Four Orders of Design”… …beg a question: What is in common in these ways of thinking? C.S.Pierce pointed out that it was not outside of the possibilities of logical thought – it just used a different form of logic. Deduction Induction Begs the question: What is in common that underlies all these? Answer: A third form of logic Abduction
6. The “Four Orders of Design” imply a common “Design Thinking” There is another way to approach the answer. Michael Polanyi borrows from the gestalt school when he describes this basic form of human thinking. Question: What is in common that underlies all these? We push – or are pulled – out to a new Focal awareness 2 Answer: a basic form of human thinking We form a gestalt – a new “whole” 3 We always start from a “Subsidiary awareness” 1
7. Because of the centrality of this act to our humanity, it has been named again and again. Some notable naming and expositions in my experience have included, in a very eclectic and limited list: We’ve mentioned Logic: CS Pierces “abduction” Science: Poincare’s essay on his creative process, in innovations in science Hermeneutics: Paul Ricoeur’s Rule of Metaphor and the antecedents he argues in Aristotle, in hermeneutical studies Management: “Integrative thinking” is Roger Martin’s venture into naming the “the predisposition and capacity to hold two diametrically-opposed ideas in their heads.” [34] Physics: NeilsBohr’s exclamation “how wonderful that we have met with a paradox. Now we have some hope of making progress.” Poetry: Various essays about ST Coleridge’s experience of writing Kubla Khan, in poetry. Literature: Phillip Wainwrights Burning Fountain Psychology: Gestalt in the therapeutic traditions World Hypotheses: Genesis 1, in the Bible (Pepper) …and by now you’ll have your own to add…
8. Design is “skilled guessing”(But that’s not as bad as it sounds, because it turns out we can be very good at it) When skilled guessing is done by reflective practitioners, it turns out to be quite a sophisticated way of intentionally making up new ideas. Designers are people who know how to traverse this space with a clear intent.
9. When a designer is making in the physical realm, the materials form part of the frame, and the designer enters into a dialog. For example, the wood talks back to a carver about what it is possible to do with wood. When the design object is in the realm of ideas, a conversation still takes –place, but now it is (mostly) in the designers head A key generative mechanism in this part of our thinking is language. At their core, language tropes such as metaphor and irony are inherently and deeply about what could be other than it is… Aim Tame Claim A key generative mechanism in this part of our thinking are heuristics. At their core, heuristics are mechanisms for sorting and seeing what we have before we have any idea what it is we are looking at. They are one of our most foundational tools for interacting with our intangible situations. Frame
10. Language and heuristics are some of the tools for better guessing in 3rd and 4th order design – not ones most business people have been trained in, but in which real skills and knowledge are available…
Editor's Notes
1 – the area most people think of or know a bit about – perhaps because its more imaginable and accessible than whatever it is that a ferrarri designer or a Yves Saint LaurentIt will become obvious from my slides that I’m not one of those kind of designers2. My best effort was using biro tubes and plasticine to make an underwater village for ants in the laundry tubThings talking to a person – cf craft design the material talks back – SchonOn the 10th of August 2011, Apple overtook Exxon as the world’s biggest company. Does this matter. Well, it is having profound effects in shaping the world we live inDesign vs Discovery
Buchanan (CMU design prof., now Weatherhead business prof.)Buchanan is actually connected to one of my earliest experiences – I worked on a number of projects in the Australian Tax Office in the ealry 90s. Mostly on Tax Law Improvement by changing the lefislation writing process into a design process. But I also got involved when Australai implemented its compulsory superannuation scheme – and I showed a case study of that work to his masters students in Pittsburgh as a n example of 3rd and 4th order designBringing down the Berlin WallDid they design a wall, or a culture?My experience – Zeal – a safety firm that tackles organisational transformation because of the deep beliefs they hold about the changes it takes in an organisation to really do safe work
Making new syntheses of word and imageIntegrating art and engineering and natural science Working with connections and consquencesSustaining, developing and integrating human beings into broader ecological and cultural contexts(Tony Weirs wiordsThings talking to a person – cf craft design the material talks back - Schon
deductive logic:we observe the world for long enough that we come up with a rule that says this is the way it should work. Deductive logic is the logic of what should be. I drop this I should observe that it accelerates at 9.8m/s2 so I can calculate all sorts of things about that and I can make all sorts of machinery that would be based on that rule. Inductive logic: the reasoning that goes with probabilities and statistics. If we’ve done a big enough sample of something and we’ve seen enough then we declare the following to be the case beyond a certain level of certainty. inductive logic which is the logic of what is operative. Charles Saunders Peirce made the observation that no new idea had ever come into the world using inductive or deductive logic. So he argued that there is a third form of logic, and it was what he termed abductive logic, making an abduction, which he referred to as “inference to the best explanation” – I call it guessing. He argued is that’s the source of all new ideas in the world
Herbert Simon argues that everyone is a designer whenever they come up with “courses of action aimed at changingexisting situations into preferred ones”
Language and heuristics are some of the tools for better guessing in 3rd and 4th order design – not ones most business people have been trained in…This view makes it easier to call out the key distinctions between Framing, aiming and naming/claiming