Poorva Pandya
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - COVID-19, global markets and African agricultural trade: Impacts on growth and food security
Organized by IFPRI, with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
SEP 17, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document discusses balancing trade disciplines and policy space in agricultural trade. It notes that while unilateral trade policies can benefit individual countries, they create problems collectively. Developing countries have grown substantially in importance in agricultural trade but also increased protectionism and price insulation policies. The document evaluates options for improving information, using social safety nets, and placing disciplines on protectionism and price insulation to balance trade and domestic policy goals. It concludes that agricultural trade reform requires agreements that limit policy space to achieve broader benefits, and there is still work to be done in this area following the Nairobi agreement.
Poorva Pandya
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - COVID-19, global markets and African agricultural trade: Impacts on growth and food security
Organized by IFPRI, with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
SEP 17, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
This document discusses balancing trade disciplines and policy space in agricultural trade. It notes that while unilateral trade policies can benefit individual countries, they create problems collectively. Developing countries have grown substantially in importance in agricultural trade but also increased protectionism and price insulation policies. The document evaluates options for improving information, using social safety nets, and placing disciplines on protectionism and price insulation to balance trade and domestic policy goals. It concludes that agricultural trade reform requires agreements that limit policy space to achieve broader benefits, and there is still work to be done in this area following the Nairobi agreement.
Ben Belton, Yin Yin Phyu, Stuart Le Marseny, Jessica Scott
POLICY SEMINAR
Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Myanmar’s Livestock and Fishery Sectors
AUG 26, 2020 - 09:00 AM TO 10:30 AM MMT
ICN2-Trends in Food Supply and Impacts on Food ConsumptionFAO
This document summarizes trends in global food supply and their impacts on food consumption. It notes that since 1992, incomes have risen significantly, particularly in middle-income countries. Urbanization and globalization have also increased. These trends have led to the modernization of food supply chains, including tighter vertical control by large retailers, adoption of private standards, and increased marketing of foods. While this has increased dietary diversity and made some foods more available, it has also likely contributed to rising rates of overnutrition by lowering the prices of processed foods and employing sophisticated marketing techniques. The document hypothesizes that continued policies supporting trade, investment and food system modernization could harness benefits but governments may need intervene to promote healthier diets by reformulating
A globalized crisis or a crisis of the globalization?David Laborde
This document summarizes the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on global food security and poverty. It notes that social distancing measures have disrupted international transport and trade, lowering incomes and demand. Data shows increasing self-reported stress levels and reliance on savings in Ethiopia. Estimates indicate the pandemic could increase the global number of extremely poor people by over 100 million by 2022. Policies are needed to strengthen social safety nets, keep food supply chains open, and assess the crisis's effects on competition.
Options for managing rice price volatility: stock and trade policiesFAO
This document discusses options for managing rice price volatility through stock and trade policies. It summarizes that while all Asian countries want to stabilize rice prices, the objectives of any policy need to be clarified. It also notes that stock and trade policies need to work together, with an emphasis on trade due to the high costs of stockholding. The document outlines factors to consider in stock and trade policy design, such as whether to procure from farmers or traders, appropriate stock levels, and how long stocks should be held. It also discusses alternative options like taxes and quotas.
Aiswarya Santhosh; The Effect of COVID19 on the Agriculture Supply Chain of C...AiswaryaSanthosh6
The document discusses how the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has impacted China's agriculture supply chain. Farms producing poultry, livestock, and grain have been hit as transportation and logistics networks are disrupted. Prices for pork have risen significantly. The wildlife trade ban presents challenges for that industry. Spring crop planting may also be affected by quarantine measures limiting labor and input delivery. Purchases of US grains have occurred to fulfill trade agreements. Fruit and vegetable production amounts to over 700 million tons annually in China.
The document outlines a research plan to analyze trends in regional agricultural trade, food security, and rural livelihoods in Kenya. Poverty and food insecurity are high in Kenya, with over 10 million facing food poverty. The objectives are to analyze regional trade trends and their implications for food security and livelihoods in Kenya. The research plan involves a literature review, determining trade's linkages to food security and livelihoods, and examining policy implications. Data sources include government statistics and stakeholder interviews. Expected outputs are preliminary, draft, and final reports, plus a policy brief.
Sharing gains of the potato in Kenya: A case of thin governanceSharing gains ...Premier Publishers
The potato offers a good alternative for diversification from maize, the staple food in Kenya. This article presents the results of a study on the potato marketing system, the factors affecting prices and the predominant governance system impacting on the market. Survey data were collected from 402 farmers in the three potato growing regions and addition information on monthly prices in major markets was provided the Ministry of Agriculture. There were also semi-structured interviews with the major actors in the potato sector.
Potato marketing exhibits the captive governance structure with traders collaboratively acting as the lead firm. An analysis of the split in selling price between the various players indicates that margins were concentrated at the coordination of marketing activities as opposed to the production activities. Coordination activities took about 40% of the consumer price. Besides the market channel used, the production region, the size of the land cultivated and the yields obtained determined the price obtained by the farmers. Given the distribution of the value added in the chain and the current dominance of traders, we argue in favour of upgrading the value chain and giving more power to the farmers and their organizations.
Persistence of high food prices in Eastern Africa: What role for policy?ILRI
Presented by Joseph Karugia (ReSAKSS-ECA) at the 48th meeting of the Open Forum for Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa – Kenya Chapter, Nairobi, 30 June 2011
AKADEMIYA2063-Ecowas Regional Learning event: Effects of COVID-19 on Staple F...AKADEMIYA2063
The document analyzes the effects of Covid-19 on staple food prices in West Africa. It finds that prices were generally stable or declined during lockdown periods, except in production areas of some countries. However, after lockdowns were lifted, prices rose in almost all markets across the region, especially in deficit areas. The conclusions recommend ensuring minimal disruptions to commodity flows during future crises, providing food aid to vulnerable groups in a way that limits negative impacts on markets, and better targeting restrictions to control disease spread.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 58 on “Africa’s Agriculture Trade in a changing environment” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat, IFPRI, Concord and BMZ/GIZ was held on Wednesday 23 October 2019 (9h00-13h00) at Hotel Sofitel Brussels Europe, Place Jourdan 1, 1040 Brussels.
The briefing brought various perspectives and experiences around the new trends and opportunities in intra-Africa trade in the context of free trade agreements and regional integration. It also showed Africa trade within the broader global trade picture and with the EU as one of the main trade partners.
Experts presented trends and prospects of regional trade in Africa in the light of new policy developments as well as Africa’s recent performance in different markets. It also featured successes and innovative models in regional trade across regions in Africa and lessons learned for upscaling and expanding regional trade.
Bart Minten, Joey Goeb, Jon Keesecker, Derek Headey
POLICY SEMINAR
COVID-19 and Food Market Disruptions in Myanmar
OCT 15, 2020 - 09:00 AM TO 10:30 AM +0630
Worldwide trends in support to agricultureLars Brink
Line charts of support relative to some measurement of country's value of production in agriculture. 1986 or 1995 to 2010, 2011 or 2012. Covers eight of the largest agricultural producer countries in the world. Shows data from the World Bank (nominal rate of assistance), OECD (General Services Support Estimate and Producer Support Estimate) and members' notifications to the WTO ("green box" as per Annex 2 and non-"green box"). Some reflections on direction and implications of trends.
Covid-19 and Global Food Security (Briefing 15mn)David Laborde
This document discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on global food security. It finds that:
1) The global economic downturn caused by the pandemic is expected to increase the number of people living in extreme poverty by nearly 150 million people, with the largest increases in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and South America.
2) Supply chain disruptions for labor-intensive and perishable foods like vegetables, meat, and dairy have occurred as a result of disease spread and labor shortages. Some countries have also imposed export restrictions on food, disrupting international trade.
3) To prevent a major global food crisis, policies are needed that stimulate economies, support developing nations, keep food trade
Danielle Resnick
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - The political economy of COVID-19: Impacts on agriculture and food policies
OCT 22, 2020 - 08:30 AM TO 10:00 AM EDT
This document discusses challenges and solutions related to food safety and reducing post-harvest losses in Kenya's urban food systems. It outlines the goals and objectives of the Voice for Change Partnership to improve food security through safe food consumption and reduced food losses. The partnership focuses on the dairy and horticulture sectors, which are important to urban diets and markets. Key challenges include foodborne illness, high food losses, weak governance, and lack of consumer awareness and engagement. Civil society organizations can help address these by raising consumer awareness, engaging in policy dialogue, facilitating public-private partnerships, and generating evidence to guide solutions.
"Knowledge as a First Step Towards Less Volatile Markets" presentation by David Laborde at Launch of IFPRI Office for West and Central Africa on 17 May 2011
Shenggen Fan
“Food Security and Nutrition in an Urbanizing World”
June 06, 2017
Brussels, Belgium
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), SNV Netherlands Development Organization, and Welthungerhilfe are jointly organizing a one-day event in Brussels on the eve of the European Development Days to explore the challenges and opportunities of urbanization from a variety of perspectives.
The document summarizes key points from a presentation on OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation in 2021. It makes three main points:
1. Current agricultural support policies are not addressing the triple challenge of ensuring food security, providing livelihoods, and promoting sustainability.
2. Countries need to invest more in sustainable productivity growth and resilience through agricultural innovation.
3. Specific policy recommendations include phasing out market distortions, targeting income support to households in need, and redirecting expenditures toward public goods like innovation.
Ben Belton, Yin Yin Phyu, Stuart Le Marseny, Jessica Scott
POLICY SEMINAR
Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Myanmar’s Livestock and Fishery Sectors
AUG 26, 2020 - 09:00 AM TO 10:30 AM MMT
ICN2-Trends in Food Supply and Impacts on Food ConsumptionFAO
This document summarizes trends in global food supply and their impacts on food consumption. It notes that since 1992, incomes have risen significantly, particularly in middle-income countries. Urbanization and globalization have also increased. These trends have led to the modernization of food supply chains, including tighter vertical control by large retailers, adoption of private standards, and increased marketing of foods. While this has increased dietary diversity and made some foods more available, it has also likely contributed to rising rates of overnutrition by lowering the prices of processed foods and employing sophisticated marketing techniques. The document hypothesizes that continued policies supporting trade, investment and food system modernization could harness benefits but governments may need intervene to promote healthier diets by reformulating
A globalized crisis or a crisis of the globalization?David Laborde
This document summarizes the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on global food security and poverty. It notes that social distancing measures have disrupted international transport and trade, lowering incomes and demand. Data shows increasing self-reported stress levels and reliance on savings in Ethiopia. Estimates indicate the pandemic could increase the global number of extremely poor people by over 100 million by 2022. Policies are needed to strengthen social safety nets, keep food supply chains open, and assess the crisis's effects on competition.
Options for managing rice price volatility: stock and trade policiesFAO
This document discusses options for managing rice price volatility through stock and trade policies. It summarizes that while all Asian countries want to stabilize rice prices, the objectives of any policy need to be clarified. It also notes that stock and trade policies need to work together, with an emphasis on trade due to the high costs of stockholding. The document outlines factors to consider in stock and trade policy design, such as whether to procure from farmers or traders, appropriate stock levels, and how long stocks should be held. It also discusses alternative options like taxes and quotas.
Aiswarya Santhosh; The Effect of COVID19 on the Agriculture Supply Chain of C...AiswaryaSanthosh6
The document discusses how the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has impacted China's agriculture supply chain. Farms producing poultry, livestock, and grain have been hit as transportation and logistics networks are disrupted. Prices for pork have risen significantly. The wildlife trade ban presents challenges for that industry. Spring crop planting may also be affected by quarantine measures limiting labor and input delivery. Purchases of US grains have occurred to fulfill trade agreements. Fruit and vegetable production amounts to over 700 million tons annually in China.
The document outlines a research plan to analyze trends in regional agricultural trade, food security, and rural livelihoods in Kenya. Poverty and food insecurity are high in Kenya, with over 10 million facing food poverty. The objectives are to analyze regional trade trends and their implications for food security and livelihoods in Kenya. The research plan involves a literature review, determining trade's linkages to food security and livelihoods, and examining policy implications. Data sources include government statistics and stakeholder interviews. Expected outputs are preliminary, draft, and final reports, plus a policy brief.
Sharing gains of the potato in Kenya: A case of thin governanceSharing gains ...Premier Publishers
The potato offers a good alternative for diversification from maize, the staple food in Kenya. This article presents the results of a study on the potato marketing system, the factors affecting prices and the predominant governance system impacting on the market. Survey data were collected from 402 farmers in the three potato growing regions and addition information on monthly prices in major markets was provided the Ministry of Agriculture. There were also semi-structured interviews with the major actors in the potato sector.
Potato marketing exhibits the captive governance structure with traders collaboratively acting as the lead firm. An analysis of the split in selling price between the various players indicates that margins were concentrated at the coordination of marketing activities as opposed to the production activities. Coordination activities took about 40% of the consumer price. Besides the market channel used, the production region, the size of the land cultivated and the yields obtained determined the price obtained by the farmers. Given the distribution of the value added in the chain and the current dominance of traders, we argue in favour of upgrading the value chain and giving more power to the farmers and their organizations.
Persistence of high food prices in Eastern Africa: What role for policy?ILRI
Presented by Joseph Karugia (ReSAKSS-ECA) at the 48th meeting of the Open Forum for Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa – Kenya Chapter, Nairobi, 30 June 2011
AKADEMIYA2063-Ecowas Regional Learning event: Effects of COVID-19 on Staple F...AKADEMIYA2063
The document analyzes the effects of Covid-19 on staple food prices in West Africa. It finds that prices were generally stable or declined during lockdown periods, except in production areas of some countries. However, after lockdowns were lifted, prices rose in almost all markets across the region, especially in deficit areas. The conclusions recommend ensuring minimal disruptions to commodity flows during future crises, providing food aid to vulnerable groups in a way that limits negative impacts on markets, and better targeting restrictions to control disease spread.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 58 on “Africa’s Agriculture Trade in a changing environment” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat, IFPRI, Concord and BMZ/GIZ was held on Wednesday 23 October 2019 (9h00-13h00) at Hotel Sofitel Brussels Europe, Place Jourdan 1, 1040 Brussels.
The briefing brought various perspectives and experiences around the new trends and opportunities in intra-Africa trade in the context of free trade agreements and regional integration. It also showed Africa trade within the broader global trade picture and with the EU as one of the main trade partners.
Experts presented trends and prospects of regional trade in Africa in the light of new policy developments as well as Africa’s recent performance in different markets. It also featured successes and innovative models in regional trade across regions in Africa and lessons learned for upscaling and expanding regional trade.
Bart Minten, Joey Goeb, Jon Keesecker, Derek Headey
POLICY SEMINAR
COVID-19 and Food Market Disruptions in Myanmar
OCT 15, 2020 - 09:00 AM TO 10:30 AM +0630
Worldwide trends in support to agricultureLars Brink
Line charts of support relative to some measurement of country's value of production in agriculture. 1986 or 1995 to 2010, 2011 or 2012. Covers eight of the largest agricultural producer countries in the world. Shows data from the World Bank (nominal rate of assistance), OECD (General Services Support Estimate and Producer Support Estimate) and members' notifications to the WTO ("green box" as per Annex 2 and non-"green box"). Some reflections on direction and implications of trends.
Covid-19 and Global Food Security (Briefing 15mn)David Laborde
This document discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on global food security. It finds that:
1) The global economic downturn caused by the pandemic is expected to increase the number of people living in extreme poverty by nearly 150 million people, with the largest increases in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and South America.
2) Supply chain disruptions for labor-intensive and perishable foods like vegetables, meat, and dairy have occurred as a result of disease spread and labor shortages. Some countries have also imposed export restrictions on food, disrupting international trade.
3) To prevent a major global food crisis, policies are needed that stimulate economies, support developing nations, keep food trade
Danielle Resnick
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - The political economy of COVID-19: Impacts on agriculture and food policies
OCT 22, 2020 - 08:30 AM TO 10:00 AM EDT
This document discusses challenges and solutions related to food safety and reducing post-harvest losses in Kenya's urban food systems. It outlines the goals and objectives of the Voice for Change Partnership to improve food security through safe food consumption and reduced food losses. The partnership focuses on the dairy and horticulture sectors, which are important to urban diets and markets. Key challenges include foodborne illness, high food losses, weak governance, and lack of consumer awareness and engagement. Civil society organizations can help address these by raising consumer awareness, engaging in policy dialogue, facilitating public-private partnerships, and generating evidence to guide solutions.
"Knowledge as a First Step Towards Less Volatile Markets" presentation by David Laborde at Launch of IFPRI Office for West and Central Africa on 17 May 2011
Shenggen Fan
“Food Security and Nutrition in an Urbanizing World”
June 06, 2017
Brussels, Belgium
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), SNV Netherlands Development Organization, and Welthungerhilfe are jointly organizing a one-day event in Brussels on the eve of the European Development Days to explore the challenges and opportunities of urbanization from a variety of perspectives.
The document summarizes key points from a presentation on OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation in 2021. It makes three main points:
1. Current agricultural support policies are not addressing the triple challenge of ensuring food security, providing livelihoods, and promoting sustainability.
2. Countries need to invest more in sustainable productivity growth and resilience through agricultural innovation.
3. Specific policy recommendations include phasing out market distortions, targeting income support to households in need, and redirecting expenditures toward public goods like innovation.
Food inflation refers to the rising prices of food items over time. It is measured using the wholesale price index (WPI) and consumer price index (CPI) in Pakistan. The document outlines several causes of food inflation such as demand pull inflation during economic booms and cost push inflation when raw material prices rise. It notes that Pakistan experienced a food inflation rate of 23.6% in January 2020 and 15.9% in April 2021 according to government data. The impacts of food inflation and methods to prevent it are also discussed.
The report, published by Grant Thornton and CII aims to examine the growth potential of the food processing industry, the scope for modernisation and the policies and regulations that govern the industry. The report also highlights the emerging trends, opportunities and challenges in the key segments of the sector.
This presentation by Arsenio M. Balisacan, Chairman, Philippine Competition Commission, was made during the discussion “How can competition contribute to fairer societies?” held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 29 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/cfs.
Food and agriculture various policies and WTO implicationsDevegowda S R
This document discusses issues related to food security and agriculture policies in India in the context of WTO implications. It notes that while India achieved self-sufficiency in food production, it has not solved the problem of chronic household food insecurity associated with poverty. The document outlines various government interventions for poverty alleviation and the public distribution system. It discusses the key aspects of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture such as market access, domestic support, and export subsidies. India's concerns with meeting international trade standards and potential future actions are also summarized.
The document discusses policies related to agriculture and food in developed countries, with a focus on the US Farm Bill. It provides background on the history and purpose of the Farm Bill, how it impacts both farmers and consumers. It analyzes spending levels in the 2008 Farm Bill and issues related to commodity crops, nutrition programs, and fruit/vegetable farmers. The document also examines forces shaping agricultural policy, the legislative process, and opportunities to address challenges in the upcoming 2012 Farm Bill.
FICCI commented on recent inflation and economic data from India. Wholesale inflation is increasing due to higher food prices, especially for pulses and vegetables. While government measures are hoped to help control price spikes, greater production and improved supply chains are still needed. Manufacturing growth also remains weak, and structural issues need addressing for recovery. FICCI advocates amending laws to promote e-pharmacy and supports developing quality tourism infrastructure through collaborative efforts.
The document provides an overview of the FMCG market in India. Some key points:
- The FMCG market in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 20.6% between 2016-2020 to reach $103.7 billion by 2020, up from $49 billion in 2016.
- Rural consumption is a major growth driver as rural FMCG consumption is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 14.6% between 2016-2025 to reach $100 billion by 2025, up from an estimated $29.4 billion in 2016.
- Changing demographics like rising incomes, growth of the middle class, and increasing rural consumption provide significant opportunities for FMCG companies in India
The document provides an overview of the Prime Minister Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises Scheme (PMFME Scheme) in India. The key points are:
1) The scheme aims to formalize the unorganized micro food processing sector in India by providing financial support, skills training, access to credit, and assistance with marketing.
2) It will provide credit-linked capital subsidies of up to 35% for upgrading technology and infrastructure of individual micro enterprises, with a maximum of Rs. 10 lakh per unit. Groups like FPOs and SHGs can also access similar subsidies.
3) The scheme follows a 'One District One Product' approach, prioritizing support for micro enterprises involved
This document defines inflation and discusses its causes, effects, measurement, relationship to unemployment, and control measures. It outlines several theories of inflation including demand-pull, cost-push, and structural inflation. Causes of each type are described. The document also discusses measuring inflation through price indices, the difference between the WPI and CPI, core inflation, and reforms to the CPI. The effects of inflation on different groups like fixed income classes, borrowers, lenders, producers, and the government are analyzed. Fiscal and monetary policy measures to control inflation are outlined. India's inflation rates from 2012-2014 are reported.
This paper has been drawn as a way of suggesting possibly ways in improving business operations. Through the use of strategic planning management companies have emerged as victors through their correctly spelled strategies for analysis and business development seek. This paper has used Unilever foods (UK) as a case study. It is therefore recommended that various business operation may use suggested measures as a way of boosting their business through the use of various strategic options.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 44 on “Promoting responsible and sustainable sourcing through Fair Trade” took place on 22 June 2016 from 9:00 to 13:00, at the ACP Secretariat in Brussels, Belgium.
This Briefings was co-organised by CTA, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Fair Trade Advocacy Office.
Alpaca Food Supply Chain Tech Field StudyErica Amatori
Pod Foods operates an online B2B ordering platform for retailers and brands. It provides services like real-time analytics, data solutions, inventory management, and fulfillment. Pod Foods generates revenue through commission fees based on sales volume. It has raised over $100 million to date to grow its digital marketplace connecting buyers and sellers in the food supply chain.
The document discusses proposed policy actions to address high food prices and their impacts. It proposes three main actions: 1) initiating fast-impact food production programs in key areas to boost short-term agricultural growth, 2) changing biofuel policies to reduce demand on grains and oilseeds, and 3) boosting long-term investments in agriculture for sustained growth. Additional proposed actions include eliminating agricultural export restrictions to stabilize prices, using market regulation tools to calm speculative behavior, and completing trade liberalization negotiations. Social protection measures are also discussed to protect vulnerable populations in the short-term and prevent long-term negative consequences of high prices like loss of assets, reduced schooling, and malnutrition.
The document discusses the emerging trend of vegan lifestyles and its impact on businesses. It notes that veganism is based on not using animal products and is growing due to concerns about animal welfare, health, the environment, and religion. This lifestyle change is affecting food, fashion, cosmetics, and other industries. Statistics show strong growth in vegan food, footwear, and cheese markets. The trend presents opportunities for innovation but also challenges for businesses to adapt.
The document provides an overview of the FMCG market in India. Some key points:
- The FMCG market in India was worth USD49 billion in 2016 and is expected to reach USD103.7 billion by 2020, growing at a CAGR of 20.6%.
- Rural India is a major growth driver, with the rural FMCG market expected to reach USD100 billion by 2025, up from USD29.4 billion in 2016.
- The personal care and food & beverages segments make up around two-thirds of revenues, with hair care and food products being the largest categories.
- While urban areas currently account for 60% of revenues, rural markets are growing faster and account for 40
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How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Schocks
1. How Could Trade Policy
Better Address Food
System Shocks?
Thursday 20 May, 2021
Jonathan Hepburn, Kulthoum Omari-
Motsumi, Carin Smaller & Zakaria Zoundi
2. Rules of the game
● Keep your microphones muted at all times,
unless you are making an intervention
● Use the “raise hand” function if you would like
to make an intervention
● Kindly switch on your video when making an
intervention
● For technical help- contact Kiranne
How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
3. Carin Smaller- Director, Agriculture, Trade &
Investment, for the Economic Law and Policy
program in IISD. She advises governments and
parliamentarians on law and policy issues related
to foreign investment and trade in agriculture
How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
4. Jamie Morrison- Director, Food Systems and Food
Safety Division, FAO. He is responsible for
research, capacity development and technical
assistance in trade and economic policy reform on
food security.
How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
5. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
1. Why this paper,
and why now?
• COVID-19 pandemic…
• … but also climate change,
extreme weather events.
• US-China trade war…
• …shocks are the new norm.
6. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
2. How are food system
shocks the new norm?
• COVID-19 pandemic
• Southern Africa
drought, 2015-16
• US-China trade war
7. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
3. How can we rethink trade
policy to respond to food
system shocks?
• Need comprehensive,
forward-looking approach to
trade rules…
• …. not least as climate
change means the future may
not resemble the past.
8. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
• That provide countries with the
tools they need to respond to
shocks…..
• …. but without harming
producers and consumers
elsewhere
• Major exporting + importing
countries have a particular
responsibility for the stability
of the global food system
Photo credit: IPCC, 2014
9. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
4. What trade policy toolkit
do we recommend?
1. Ensuring access to food for poor
consumers
2. Safeguarding farmers’ livelihoods
3. Improving how food markets
function
4. Rebuilding trust and confidence
13 ideas to achieve 4 public policy objectives:
10. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
4.1 Ensuring access to food for poor consumers:
1. Need to fast-track action on export restrictions + WFP food aid
2. New rules on export restrictions could improve stability + predictability….
New rules on export restriction
Fig.1: share of restriction by importer
Source: IISD/IFPRI, “How Food Export Restrictions Could Worsen a Looming Food Crisis”. IISD/IFPRI, July 2020.
11. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
3. Cutting high ‘tariff peaks’ on key farm goods in major importing countries
could help improve the stability of food markets when shocks do occur.
… and better rules on import restrictions
Ag products: import value + maximum bound duty (logarithmic scale)
12. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
4.2 Safeguarding farmers’ livelihoods
1. Despite the negotiating deadlock, a new SSM could help address volatility…
2. … but its design should reflect underlying objectives.
3. Countries with lower bound tariffs may have greater need for a safeguard.
13. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
4.3 Improving how food markets function
Weak farm subsidy rules undermine efforts to improve the
sustainability and efficiency of production + consumption patterns…
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
USD
millions
Product-specific support in selected major economies
US (2016) EU(2016-17) China (2016) India (2017-18)
Brazil (2016-17) Japan (2015-16) Russia (2017)
Source: IISD and IFPRI calculations, based on WTO notifications. Figure shows amber box and ‘de minimis’ support. Presented in “What National Farm Policy Trends Could Mean for Efforts to
Update WTO Rules on Domestic Support”. IISD/IFPRI, March 2020.
Notes: As countries use different product classification systems to report product-specific support, similar products have been grouped together for the purposes of this graph. The figures
include amber box and de minimis support, but not product-specific blue box support.
14. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
… BUT a food systems approach means going
beyond ag markets
1. Harmonize levels of ag domestic support across
countries over time
* cap + cut support classed as trade distorting
* allow all countries to provide minimal levels
2. Use existing options to support farmers without harming
those elsewhere;
3. Reverse under-investment, esp. in low-income countries
* Malabo
* public goods
15. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
1. MC12: adopt forward-looking work program boosting
resilience to shocks
2. WTO Appellate Body crisis: help unblock deadlock
3. Engage in other forums: UNFCC, UN CFS, UN Food
Systems Summit, , G20, etc…
4. AMIS: support + expand
What could be done to rebuild trust and confidence?
4.4 Rebuilding trust and confidence
16. How Could Trade Policy Better Address Food System Shocks? | May 20, 2021
Further reading:
IISD, March 2021
How Could Trade Policy Better
Address Food System Shocks?
bit.ly/food-system-shocks
17. THANK YOU!
May 20, 2021
Comments, questions and feedback are welcome:
csmaller@iisd.org