Neither Fish Nor Fowl: New Strategies for Selective Regulation of Information Services, presented at 35th Annual Telecommunications Policy Research Conference
George Mason University School of Law, Arlington, Virginia September 28-30, 2007
1) The document discusses trends in electronic communications including convergence of industries, the role of platforms, and implications for market structure and regulation.
2) Convergence is pushing formerly separate industries like telecoms, computing and broadcasting to provide similar services through digital technologies and IP networks. This disrupts traditional value chains and business models.
3) Platforms are increasingly important intermediaries, and their pricing structures and market power have regulatory implications. Bundles of services are also gaining importance but create strategic barriers.
4) Issues around market definition, access, and investment in new infrastructure like ultra-fast broadband networks are ongoing areas of focus for regulators as technologies continue to converge.
The document summarizes the key aspects of a proposed new telecoms regulatory framework in the European Union. The goals are to modernize current rules to drive investment in very high-capacity broadband networks, enable 5G connectivity, provide more focused regulation for services, and establish an efficient system of regulators. Specific proposals include reinforcing infrastructure competition, ensuring spectrum access and efficiency to support advanced connectivity, simplifying end-user protection rules, modernizing the universal service obligation, and strengthening the roles of national regulators and BEREC.
The document summarizes several FCC actions and industry developments:
1) The FCC will seek comment on proposals regarding voluntary incentive auctions of broadcast spectrum, mobile spectrum holdings, and updating satellite and earth station rules.
2) The FTC released a business guide for mobile application developers about marketing and privacy principles.
3) The FCC will forbear from certain foreign ownership restrictions for common carrier licenses under certain conditions.
4) An appeals court upheld an injunction against a company streaming TV without broadcaster consent.
At the International Municipal Lawyers Association’s annual Spring Meeting in Washington, D.C., we presented “Telecommunications 2016: The Challenges Facing Local Government and its Counsel.”
Chapter XIII: Telecommunications chapterBalo English
This document defines key terms used in Chapter 13 on Telecommunications. It defines terms like commercial mobile services, cost-oriented, end-user, enterprise, essential facilities, interconnection, international mobile roaming service, leased circuit, licence, major supplier, network element, non-discriminatory, number portability, physical co-location, public telecommunications network, public telecommunications service, reference interconnection offer, telecommunications, telecommunications regulatory body, user, and virtual co-location. It also outlines the scope of Chapter 13 and approaches to regulation that parties may take.
The document provides an overview of the process for transferring a cable franchise from one operator to another. It explains that franchising authorities have the right to approve or deny franchise transfers. This allows authorities to address outstanding issues and seek modifications as approval conditions. However, approving transfers too readily could limit the authority's ability to consider an operator's past performance during future renewal evaluations. The document provides guidance on leveraging the transfer process to benefit the community, outlines procedural and legal requirements, and addresses frequently asked questions about the transfer process.
Neither Fish Nor Fowl: New Strategies for Selective Regulation of Information Services, presented at 35th Annual Telecommunications Policy Research Conference
George Mason University School of Law, Arlington, Virginia September 28-30, 2007
1) The document discusses trends in electronic communications including convergence of industries, the role of platforms, and implications for market structure and regulation.
2) Convergence is pushing formerly separate industries like telecoms, computing and broadcasting to provide similar services through digital technologies and IP networks. This disrupts traditional value chains and business models.
3) Platforms are increasingly important intermediaries, and their pricing structures and market power have regulatory implications. Bundles of services are also gaining importance but create strategic barriers.
4) Issues around market definition, access, and investment in new infrastructure like ultra-fast broadband networks are ongoing areas of focus for regulators as technologies continue to converge.
The document summarizes the key aspects of a proposed new telecoms regulatory framework in the European Union. The goals are to modernize current rules to drive investment in very high-capacity broadband networks, enable 5G connectivity, provide more focused regulation for services, and establish an efficient system of regulators. Specific proposals include reinforcing infrastructure competition, ensuring spectrum access and efficiency to support advanced connectivity, simplifying end-user protection rules, modernizing the universal service obligation, and strengthening the roles of national regulators and BEREC.
The document summarizes several FCC actions and industry developments:
1) The FCC will seek comment on proposals regarding voluntary incentive auctions of broadcast spectrum, mobile spectrum holdings, and updating satellite and earth station rules.
2) The FTC released a business guide for mobile application developers about marketing and privacy principles.
3) The FCC will forbear from certain foreign ownership restrictions for common carrier licenses under certain conditions.
4) An appeals court upheld an injunction against a company streaming TV without broadcaster consent.
At the International Municipal Lawyers Association’s annual Spring Meeting in Washington, D.C., we presented “Telecommunications 2016: The Challenges Facing Local Government and its Counsel.”
Chapter XIII: Telecommunications chapterBalo English
This document defines key terms used in Chapter 13 on Telecommunications. It defines terms like commercial mobile services, cost-oriented, end-user, enterprise, essential facilities, interconnection, international mobile roaming service, leased circuit, licence, major supplier, network element, non-discriminatory, number portability, physical co-location, public telecommunications network, public telecommunications service, reference interconnection offer, telecommunications, telecommunications regulatory body, user, and virtual co-location. It also outlines the scope of Chapter 13 and approaches to regulation that parties may take.
The document provides an overview of the process for transferring a cable franchise from one operator to another. It explains that franchising authorities have the right to approve or deny franchise transfers. This allows authorities to address outstanding issues and seek modifications as approval conditions. However, approving transfers too readily could limit the authority's ability to consider an operator's past performance during future renewal evaluations. The document provides guidance on leveraging the transfer process to benefit the community, outlines procedural and legal requirements, and addresses frequently asked questions about the transfer process.
Mozilla petitions the FCC to (i) recognize that enabling communications between a remote endpoint and local subscribers of an internet access provider constitutes a delivery service provided to the remote endpoint, and (ii) declare such a service a telecommunications service subject to Title II. This action would help preserve innovation for online video communications and apps by clarifying the FCC's authority over traffic management practices that can block or throttle remote endpoints. The petition argues that remote delivery services provided by last-mile networks to enable communications with edge hosts, like websites and email services, should be classified as telecommunications services given their limited function of transmission.
The document provides a summary of recent regulatory developments in the telecommunications industry. Key updates include:
- The FCC launched its incentive auction proceeding to reallocate broadcast TV spectrum for wireless use.
- The FCC opened a proceeding to consider limits on how much mobile spectrum individual companies can hold.
- T-Mobile and MetroPCS announced plans to merge, and Softbank reached a deal to acquire Sprint, both pending regulatory approval.
- The FCC proposed reforms to rules for foreign carriers seeking to enter the US telecom market and took other actions.
This document summarizes a presentation on state franchising and renewal of telecommunications franchises. It discusses the status of state franchising laws across the US, with some states directly franchising services while others allow local franchising. It notes many state franchise agreements from 2006 will soon be up for renewal. Key questions around the renewal process and its implications are discussed, as well as the failure of promised benefits to materialize under state franchising laws, such as lower prices, improved customer service, and increased competition.
The FCC fined Straight Path $100 million for failing to deploy wireless services as required by its FCC spectrum licenses. Straight Path will pay a $100 million civil penalty, surrender 196 licenses in the 39 GHz spectrum band, and sell its remaining licenses while remitting 20% of proceeds to the FCC. The FCC expects companies receiving spectrum licenses to put them to productive use in a timely manner.
This document is a complaint filed by Evolved Wireless LLC against Samsung Electronics Co. and Samsung Electronics America in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Evolved Wireless alleges that Samsung infringes patents that are essential to the 3GPP LTE wireless communication standards, which Samsung implements in its mobile devices. Evolved Wireless seeks damages and injunctive relief for Samsung's alleged infringement.
Tim Denton is the Commissioner of the CRTC (Canadian FCC). He spoke on Session 5: Muni Fiber Super Session at the Freedom to Connect 2009 conference.
If you'd like more info about the conference, see
http://freedom-to-connect.net/
The document provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, including:
- Oman has progressively liberalized and promoted competition in the telecom sector.
- Operators offer modern telecom services to consumers.
- The sector aims to liberalize investments to support economic and social development.
At the International Municipal Lawyers Association’s 80th Annual Conference in Las Vegas earlier this month, BB&K Partner Gail Karish presented “Developments in Wireless.” In her presentation (below), Gail uses industry data to show the tremendous growth in wireless infrastructure in recent years. Besides explaining why, she also discusses how recent court decisions, the FCC’s new shot clock and various state laws are impacting local government control over wireless facilities siting.
This document contains Omantel's response to TRA's ex-ante consultation on telecommunications markets in Oman. It discusses 20 different telecommunications markets that were proposed for regulation by TRA. For each market, Omantel provides comments on the market definition, assessment of dominance, and proposed remedies. Some key points made by Omantel are that many of the proposed markets are actually regulatory remedies disguised as markets, and that it would be better to define technology-neutral markets for access, voice, and broadband rather than separate fixed and mobile markets. Omantel also argues that some proposed wholesale markets duplicate existing retail remedies.
The big events relating to local telecommunications facility regulation and how they fit together; history of Section 332; subsequent case law; the FCC's "shot clock" ruling and Supreme Court case; other pieces to the puzzle.
1) Mobile operators are pursuing fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) using IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) platforms to deliver voice services over both fixed and mobile networks. However, as high-speed internet access comes to mobile phones, VoIP services will threaten mobile operators.
2) FMC allows mobile operators to leverage their large customer base initially. But as 3G data services and WiFi networking expand, VoIP providers like Skype will be able to directly compete.
3) To survive long-term, mobile operators must split their business into a mobile access provider and branded internet services, similar to how AOL transitioned from an integrated ISP/content provider. They need to develop internet brands now
Ba401 Case II-4 The U.S.TelecommunicationsaristoTuEY
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 aimed to stimulate competition in the telecommunications industry in the United States. It specified regulations around local and long-distance phone services, and deregulated cable TV rates. Major players in the industry at this time included the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) like AT&T, MCI WorldCom, and Qwest. Technological developments expanded broadband access through technologies like DSL, cable modems, and dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM).
This document is the Republic Act No. 7925, which promotes and governs the development of Philippine telecommunications and the delivery of public telecommunications services. Some key points:
- It defines various telecommunications entities and services such as local exchange operators, inter-exchange carriers, international carriers, and value-added service providers.
- It establishes the National Telecommunications Commission as the principal administrator responsible for implementing telecommunications policies and ensuring interoperability, competition, and consumer protection.
- It aims to develop telecommunications infrastructure to promote economic and social development, prioritizing basic services in underserved areas, and fostering competitive markets.
- It categorizes telecommunications entities and establishes obligations for entities
1. This document outlines regulations governing market definition and dominance in the telecommunications sector in Oman. It defines key terms like relevant market, dominance, and joint dominance.
2. The regulations establish procedures for market definition, determining dominance, and imposing remedies on dominant providers. The TRA can define markets, identify dominance, and impose obligations like transparency, non-discrimination, accounting separation, and access.
3. The regulations indicate the TRA may monitor compliance and impose penalties for non-compliance, such as licence suspension or fines. The regulations are in addition to other ex post and existing telecom regulations.
Business Model - Diversification Strategy for Electronic Media ConglomerateFawad Ahmad Khan Niazi
This document proposes that electronic media conglomerates in Pakistan diversify into providing converged communication services, like telecom operators. It argues they are better positioned than telecom operators to do so due to regulations favoring local ownership. The proposal involves a phased strategic roadmap:
1) Becoming a content aggregator
2) Providing ICT-enabled services as a third-party service provider
3) Entering the telecom sector either as a mobile virtual network operator or by acquiring licenses and spectrum to become a mobile network operator through infrastructure sharing agreements. This would allow electronic media companies to sustainably leverage their brand recognition and local content expertise.
The document provides an overview of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) and recent changes to TCPA regulations and legislation in October 2013. It summarizes key aspects of the TCPA including definitions of terms, new consent requirements for autodialed and prerecorded calls/texts, increased fines for violations now ranging from $500-$1,500 per call or text, and a significant rise in TCPA lawsuit filings in recent years resulting in several multi-million dollar settlements against companies.
This document summarizes an article about how the largest internet content providers like Netflix, Google, and Apple may bypass internet service providers (ISPs) like Comcast and Verizon by building their own broadband infrastructure in response to the lack of net neutrality regulations. The FCC's net neutrality rules were struck down by a court, allowing ISPs to potentially charge content companies for priority access. Netflix then saw slower streaming speeds on Comcast and Verizon and made a deal with Comcast to pay an unknown fee to maintain streaming quality. This sets a precedent where content companies must pay ISPs or risk being "throttled." However, content companies may disintermediate ISPs entirely by building their own broadband networks, widening the
C5-1 CASE STUDY 5NET NEUTRALITYFew issues related to.docxRAHUL126667
C5-1
CASE STUDY 5
NET NEUTRALITY
Few issues related to business use of the Internet have spurred as much
heated debate as Net Neutrality. At the heart of the Net Neutrality debate is
the idea that Internet access providers should not discriminate with regard
to what applications an individual can use or interact with over the Internet.
Advocates of Net Neutrality contend that individual freedom to use of the
Internet extends to the content uploads or downloads. They also believe that
individuals acquiring services from Internet access providers should be able
to use the applications and devices of their choice, and be allowed to interact
with the content of their choice anywhere on the Internet.
The concept of Net Neutrality is grounded in traditional “common
carriage” concepts. Because carriers of goods, people, and information can
be considered common carriers, common carriage concepts have been
applied to trains, planes, buses, and telephone companies. Common carriage
principles embody the ideal that the efficient movement of goods and
information is essential to our economy, nation, and culture, and therefore
carriers must not discriminate against or favor particular individuals or
content.
If common carriers are truly public goods, it can be argued that these
modes of conveyance should not discriminate with regard to what they carry
or where they carry it. This also means that the carrier should not be held
liable for carrying things that may be harmful. For example, if a terrorist
C5-2
uses a subway to travel to the site of a terrorist act, the subway cannot be
sued for being complicit in terrorism.
Telecommunication carriers have been classified as common carriers for
more than 100 years, dating back to the early days of the telegraph. Nearly
half a century has passed since the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) determined that the telephone network should be an open platform
over which computer networks can be created. As a result of the
Carterphone case, the FCC resolved that individuals had the right to attach
devices of their choosing to the telephone network [BOSW12]. This opened
the door for data communication devices such as fax machines and modems
to be attached to telephone lines, thereby making it possible to create
computer networks over the telephone network. In essence, court and
regulatory rulings in the U.S. created an environment that fostered the idea
that computer networks could be constructed to go anywhere the telephone
network could take them using devices that could carry just about any type
of content. The decisions made by courts and regulatory agencies that
opened the door for telephone networks to carry data generated by
computers were largely consistent with traditional common carriage
concepts. However, the emergence of the World Wide Web and the
increased popularity of broadband access that it generated added a ...
Mozilla petitions the FCC to (i) recognize that enabling communications between a remote endpoint and local subscribers of an internet access provider constitutes a delivery service provided to the remote endpoint, and (ii) declare such a service a telecommunications service subject to Title II. This action would help preserve innovation for online video communications and apps by clarifying the FCC's authority over traffic management practices that can block or throttle remote endpoints. The petition argues that remote delivery services provided by last-mile networks to enable communications with edge hosts, like websites and email services, should be classified as telecommunications services given their limited function of transmission.
The document provides a summary of recent regulatory developments in the telecommunications industry. Key updates include:
- The FCC launched its incentive auction proceeding to reallocate broadcast TV spectrum for wireless use.
- The FCC opened a proceeding to consider limits on how much mobile spectrum individual companies can hold.
- T-Mobile and MetroPCS announced plans to merge, and Softbank reached a deal to acquire Sprint, both pending regulatory approval.
- The FCC proposed reforms to rules for foreign carriers seeking to enter the US telecom market and took other actions.
This document summarizes a presentation on state franchising and renewal of telecommunications franchises. It discusses the status of state franchising laws across the US, with some states directly franchising services while others allow local franchising. It notes many state franchise agreements from 2006 will soon be up for renewal. Key questions around the renewal process and its implications are discussed, as well as the failure of promised benefits to materialize under state franchising laws, such as lower prices, improved customer service, and increased competition.
The FCC fined Straight Path $100 million for failing to deploy wireless services as required by its FCC spectrum licenses. Straight Path will pay a $100 million civil penalty, surrender 196 licenses in the 39 GHz spectrum band, and sell its remaining licenses while remitting 20% of proceeds to the FCC. The FCC expects companies receiving spectrum licenses to put them to productive use in a timely manner.
This document is a complaint filed by Evolved Wireless LLC against Samsung Electronics Co. and Samsung Electronics America in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Evolved Wireless alleges that Samsung infringes patents that are essential to the 3GPP LTE wireless communication standards, which Samsung implements in its mobile devices. Evolved Wireless seeks damages and injunctive relief for Samsung's alleged infringement.
Tim Denton is the Commissioner of the CRTC (Canadian FCC). He spoke on Session 5: Muni Fiber Super Session at the Freedom to Connect 2009 conference.
If you'd like more info about the conference, see
http://freedom-to-connect.net/
The document provides an overview of the telecom sector in Oman, including:
- Oman has progressively liberalized and promoted competition in the telecom sector.
- Operators offer modern telecom services to consumers.
- The sector aims to liberalize investments to support economic and social development.
At the International Municipal Lawyers Association’s 80th Annual Conference in Las Vegas earlier this month, BB&K Partner Gail Karish presented “Developments in Wireless.” In her presentation (below), Gail uses industry data to show the tremendous growth in wireless infrastructure in recent years. Besides explaining why, she also discusses how recent court decisions, the FCC’s new shot clock and various state laws are impacting local government control over wireless facilities siting.
This document contains Omantel's response to TRA's ex-ante consultation on telecommunications markets in Oman. It discusses 20 different telecommunications markets that were proposed for regulation by TRA. For each market, Omantel provides comments on the market definition, assessment of dominance, and proposed remedies. Some key points made by Omantel are that many of the proposed markets are actually regulatory remedies disguised as markets, and that it would be better to define technology-neutral markets for access, voice, and broadband rather than separate fixed and mobile markets. Omantel also argues that some proposed wholesale markets duplicate existing retail remedies.
The big events relating to local telecommunications facility regulation and how they fit together; history of Section 332; subsequent case law; the FCC's "shot clock" ruling and Supreme Court case; other pieces to the puzzle.
1) Mobile operators are pursuing fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) using IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) platforms to deliver voice services over both fixed and mobile networks. However, as high-speed internet access comes to mobile phones, VoIP services will threaten mobile operators.
2) FMC allows mobile operators to leverage their large customer base initially. But as 3G data services and WiFi networking expand, VoIP providers like Skype will be able to directly compete.
3) To survive long-term, mobile operators must split their business into a mobile access provider and branded internet services, similar to how AOL transitioned from an integrated ISP/content provider. They need to develop internet brands now
Ba401 Case II-4 The U.S.TelecommunicationsaristoTuEY
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 aimed to stimulate competition in the telecommunications industry in the United States. It specified regulations around local and long-distance phone services, and deregulated cable TV rates. Major players in the industry at this time included the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) like AT&T, MCI WorldCom, and Qwest. Technological developments expanded broadband access through technologies like DSL, cable modems, and dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM).
This document is the Republic Act No. 7925, which promotes and governs the development of Philippine telecommunications and the delivery of public telecommunications services. Some key points:
- It defines various telecommunications entities and services such as local exchange operators, inter-exchange carriers, international carriers, and value-added service providers.
- It establishes the National Telecommunications Commission as the principal administrator responsible for implementing telecommunications policies and ensuring interoperability, competition, and consumer protection.
- It aims to develop telecommunications infrastructure to promote economic and social development, prioritizing basic services in underserved areas, and fostering competitive markets.
- It categorizes telecommunications entities and establishes obligations for entities
1. This document outlines regulations governing market definition and dominance in the telecommunications sector in Oman. It defines key terms like relevant market, dominance, and joint dominance.
2. The regulations establish procedures for market definition, determining dominance, and imposing remedies on dominant providers. The TRA can define markets, identify dominance, and impose obligations like transparency, non-discrimination, accounting separation, and access.
3. The regulations indicate the TRA may monitor compliance and impose penalties for non-compliance, such as licence suspension or fines. The regulations are in addition to other ex post and existing telecom regulations.
Business Model - Diversification Strategy for Electronic Media ConglomerateFawad Ahmad Khan Niazi
This document proposes that electronic media conglomerates in Pakistan diversify into providing converged communication services, like telecom operators. It argues they are better positioned than telecom operators to do so due to regulations favoring local ownership. The proposal involves a phased strategic roadmap:
1) Becoming a content aggregator
2) Providing ICT-enabled services as a third-party service provider
3) Entering the telecom sector either as a mobile virtual network operator or by acquiring licenses and spectrum to become a mobile network operator through infrastructure sharing agreements. This would allow electronic media companies to sustainably leverage their brand recognition and local content expertise.
The document provides an overview of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) and recent changes to TCPA regulations and legislation in October 2013. It summarizes key aspects of the TCPA including definitions of terms, new consent requirements for autodialed and prerecorded calls/texts, increased fines for violations now ranging from $500-$1,500 per call or text, and a significant rise in TCPA lawsuit filings in recent years resulting in several multi-million dollar settlements against companies.
This document summarizes an article about how the largest internet content providers like Netflix, Google, and Apple may bypass internet service providers (ISPs) like Comcast and Verizon by building their own broadband infrastructure in response to the lack of net neutrality regulations. The FCC's net neutrality rules were struck down by a court, allowing ISPs to potentially charge content companies for priority access. Netflix then saw slower streaming speeds on Comcast and Verizon and made a deal with Comcast to pay an unknown fee to maintain streaming quality. This sets a precedent where content companies must pay ISPs or risk being "throttled." However, content companies may disintermediate ISPs entirely by building their own broadband networks, widening the
C5-1 CASE STUDY 5NET NEUTRALITYFew issues related to.docxRAHUL126667
C5-1
CASE STUDY 5
NET NEUTRALITY
Few issues related to business use of the Internet have spurred as much
heated debate as Net Neutrality. At the heart of the Net Neutrality debate is
the idea that Internet access providers should not discriminate with regard
to what applications an individual can use or interact with over the Internet.
Advocates of Net Neutrality contend that individual freedom to use of the
Internet extends to the content uploads or downloads. They also believe that
individuals acquiring services from Internet access providers should be able
to use the applications and devices of their choice, and be allowed to interact
with the content of their choice anywhere on the Internet.
The concept of Net Neutrality is grounded in traditional “common
carriage” concepts. Because carriers of goods, people, and information can
be considered common carriers, common carriage concepts have been
applied to trains, planes, buses, and telephone companies. Common carriage
principles embody the ideal that the efficient movement of goods and
information is essential to our economy, nation, and culture, and therefore
carriers must not discriminate against or favor particular individuals or
content.
If common carriers are truly public goods, it can be argued that these
modes of conveyance should not discriminate with regard to what they carry
or where they carry it. This also means that the carrier should not be held
liable for carrying things that may be harmful. For example, if a terrorist
C5-2
uses a subway to travel to the site of a terrorist act, the subway cannot be
sued for being complicit in terrorism.
Telecommunication carriers have been classified as common carriers for
more than 100 years, dating back to the early days of the telegraph. Nearly
half a century has passed since the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) determined that the telephone network should be an open platform
over which computer networks can be created. As a result of the
Carterphone case, the FCC resolved that individuals had the right to attach
devices of their choosing to the telephone network [BOSW12]. This opened
the door for data communication devices such as fax machines and modems
to be attached to telephone lines, thereby making it possible to create
computer networks over the telephone network. In essence, court and
regulatory rulings in the U.S. created an environment that fostered the idea
that computer networks could be constructed to go anywhere the telephone
network could take them using devices that could carry just about any type
of content. The decisions made by courts and regulatory agencies that
opened the door for telephone networks to carry data generated by
computers were largely consistent with traditional common carriage
concepts. However, the emergence of the World Wide Web and the
increased popularity of broadband access that it generated added a ...
Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially. The Internet has historically operated under net neutrality. Those in favor of net neutrality include tech companies and consumer groups who argue it encourages innovation and prevents censorship, while opponents like Internet service providers argue it removes incentives to invest in infrastructure. Without net neutrality, Internet providers could implement a tiered pricing system where heavy users pay more, which proponents argue would harm consumers and businesses but opponents believe would make the system more financially sustainable. There are concerns that ending net neutrality could allow for censorship and discrimination if not properly regulated.
Fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) allows users to seamlessly connect mobile phones to fixed line networks to provide consistent communication experiences regardless of location. Key enabling technologies include SIP, IMS, and UMA. FMC provides benefits like dual-mode handsets, seamless roaming between networks, and reduced costs. Regulatory issues include licensing fixed and mobile services separately. British Telecom launched the first FMC service called "Fusion" in 2005, allowing mobile-like service over broadband at home with fixed line pricing. FMC is expected to continue evolving to better meet changing consumer needs.
Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially. The Internet has historically operated under net neutrality. Those in favor of net neutrality include tech companies and consumer groups who argue it encourages innovation and prevents censorship, while opponents like Internet service providers argue it removes incentives to invest in infrastructure. Without net neutrality, Internet providers could implement a tiered pricing system where heavy users pay more, which proponents argue would harm consumers and businesses but opponents believe would make the system more financially sustainable. There are concerns that ending net neutrality could allow for censorship and discrimination if not properly regulated.
Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers should treat all data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially. The Internet has historically operated under net neutrality. Those in favor of net neutrality include tech companies and consumer groups who argue it encourages innovation and prevents censorship, while opponents like Internet service providers argue it removes incentives to invest in infrastructure. Without net neutrality, Internet providers could implement a tiered pricing system where heavy users pay more, which proponents argue would harm consumers and businesses but opponents believe would make the system more financially sustainable. There are concerns that ending net neutrality could allow for censorship and discrimination if not properly regulated.
This document is a petition to deny the transfer of de facto control of Clearwire Communications from Sprint Nextel Corporation and SoftBank Corp. to Sprint and SoftBank. The petition argues that the proposed transaction is not in the public interest for three key reasons: 1) It will eliminate Clearwire as an independent broadband provider and platform for wireless innovation, contrary to considerations in the 2008 FCC order. 2) Sprint's public interest filing does not provide details about commitments to openness and innovation at Clearwire. 3) The transaction risks foreclosing uses of Clearwire's 2.5GHz spectrum for innovative business models through wholesale access, as originally envisioned. The petition asks the FCC to establish a new record of review and
This document summarizes several FCC developments that present threats and opportunities for Texas cities related to wireless infrastructure, telecommunications mergers, net neutrality, public safety networks, and cable franchising. Key points discussed include new FCC rules around wireless facility siting, pending mergers between major telecommunications providers that could impact competition and pricing, concerns about "fast lanes" on the internet, the development of a national public safety network, and FCC orders reconsidering cable franchising standards.
The document discusses several possible futures for communications technology and broadband infrastructure. It describes a future with ubiquitous wireless connectivity and high-speed fiber networks. It also discusses the convergence of devices, with single intelligent devices that handle multiple functions. Regulatory approaches and the role of government oversight are debated, as well as different business models like "net neutrality" or prioritized traffic.
The document discusses various technologies for fixed mobile convergence including Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA), femtocells, and Integrated WLAN (I-WLAN). It notes that the key challenges are how these multi-access networks are integrated into the mobile operator core network and implementing security methods to protect subscribers and networks from internet risks. The technologies aim to utilize less expensive radio technologies and residential broadband access to lower capacity and operating costs by shifting more usage indoors.
Australian telecoms licensing - An overviewMartyn Taylor
This document provides an overview of telecoms licensing in Australia. It discusses the key types of entities that are regulated - carriers, carriage service providers, and content service providers. Carriers require licenses and are subject to the highest level of regulation if they own telecommunications infrastructure used to supply services to the public. Carriage service providers and content service providers are also regulated but do not require licenses. The document outlines the licensing requirements and regulations for different types of fixed and wireless/mobile networks.
Wireless broadband provides high-speed Internet access over a wide area using wireless technology. It can offer speeds comparable to wired networks like DSL or cable. Fixed wireless networks use stationary connections that can support higher speeds than mobile networks. Wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) offer broadband wireless access, though maximum speeds are typically under 100 Mbps due to limitations of wireless technologies. Demand for wireless broadband in the US has increased the need for additional radio spectrum to be allocated for these services.
Given the central role of telecommunications in the global economy and in the lives of humans worldwide, an understanding of innovation in telecommunications is critical to understanding the global dynamics of innovation generally. The technical, economic, and political dynamism of the sector means that there could be no better time for this work.
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE PROBLE.pdfinfo824691
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE
PROBLEM)
Closing Case Network Neutrality Wars
The explosive growth of streaming video and mobile technologies is creating bandwidth
problems over the Internet. The Internet was designed to transmit content such as e-mails and
Web pages. However, media items being transmitted across the Internet today, such as high-
definition movies, are vastly larger in size. To compound this problem, there are (in early 2015)
over 180 million smartphone users in the United States, many of whom use the Internet to stream
video content to their phones. The Internet bandwidth issue is as much about economics as it is
about technology. Currently, consumers can send 1-kilobyte e-mails or watch the latest 30-
gigabyte movie on their large-screen televisions for the same monthly broadband fee. Unlike the
system used for power and water bills where higher usage results in higher fees, monthly
broadband fees are not tied to consumer usage. A study from Juniper Networks
(www.juniper.net) highlights this “revenue-per-bit” problem. The report predicts that Internet
revenue for carriers such as AT&T (www.att.com) and Comcast (www.comcast.com) will grow
by 5 percent per year through 2020. At the same time, Internet traffic will increase by 27 percent
annually, meaning that carriers will have to increase their bandwidth investment by 20 percent
per year just to keep up with demand. Under this model, the carrier’s business models will face
pressures, because their total necessary investment will exceed revenue growth. Few industry
analysts expect carriers to stop investing in new capacity. Nevertheless, analysts agree that a
financial crunch is coming. As Internet traffic soars, analysts expect revenue per megabit to
decrease. These figures translate into a far lower return on investment (ROI). Although carriers
can find ways to increase their capacity, it will be difficult for them to reap any revenue benefits
from doing so. The heart of the problem is that, even if the technology is equal to the task of
transmitting huge amounts of data, no one is sure how to pay for these technologies. One
proposed solution is to eliminate network neutrality. (A POSSIBLE SOLUTION)Network
neutrality is an operating model under which Internet service providers (ISPs) must allow
customers equal access to content and applications, regardless of the source or nature of the
content. That is, Internet backbone carriers must treat all Web traffic equally, not charging
different rates by user, content, site, platform, or application. Telecommunications and cable
companies want to replace network neutrality with an arrangement in which they can charge
differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by the content that is being
delivered over the Internet. These companies believe that differentiated pricing is the most
equitable method by which they can finance the necessary investments in their network
infrastructures. .
The document summarizes recent developments in the telecommunications industry from the July 2012 FCC open meeting and other sources. Key topics discussed include:
1) New mapping tools and broadband technologies presented at the FCC meeting.
2) Items tentatively scheduled for the August FCC meeting regarding cable rules and wireless backhaul.
3) Requirements for television stations to post public files online beginning in August 2012.
3) Interoperability standards transmitted from the FCC to FirstNet for the nationwide public safety broadband network.
The document discusses whether the administration should regulate broadband providers as common carriers to ensure net neutrality, which is the principle that all online content should be treated equally, or if the internet should be left to market forces. It outlines the debate around this issue, including arguments about throttling, proposed legislation like the Internet Freedom Preservation Act, tiered pricing models used by ISPs, statements from Barack Obama supporting net neutrality, and stakeholders on both sides of the debate.
The document discusses the impact of Over the Top (OTT) services on the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector and its stakeholders. It notes that OTT services are disruptive innovations that provide the same products and services more affordably, making them available to more people. However, this disrupts traditional telecom operators' business models and revenues. The document examines issues around net neutrality, changing regulations, security and privacy concerns, and new business strategies that operators and regulators can adopt in response to OTT services. Case studies from India are presented to illustrate some challenges and responses.
Similar to Hold The Phone: Assessing the Rights of Wireless Handset Owners and the Network Neutrality Obligations of Carriers (20)
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.