HIV virology, sturcutre and epidemiology

1. Moderator: Dr. Shyam Kafle
Presenter: Sumit Sharma (1560)

2. Epidemiology: World and Nepal
Introduction to HIV/AIDS
Virology
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3.  The first AIDS cases were reported in
the United States in 1981
 The first case of AIDS in Nepal was
reported in 1988.
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• An estimated 0.8% [0.6-0.9%] of adults aged 15–49 years worldwide are living with HIV,
although the burden of the epidemic continues to vary considerably between countries and
regions.
• The WHO African region remains most severely affected, with nearly 1 in every 25 adults
(4.1%) living with HIV and accounting for nearly two-thirds of the people living with HIV
worldwide.

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9.  The first HIV case was detected in 1988.
 HIV prevalence among adult population in the country is below 1%
 The HIV epidemic remains concentrated among people who inject drugs (PWID), men
who have sex with men (MSM), transgender people (TG), sex workers (male and
female) and male labor migrants (MLM) including their spouses.
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13.  Family: Retroviridae
 Genus: Lentivirus
 Round Ball shaped virus
 Species:
Species Virulence Infectivity Prevalance
HIV-1
HIV-2
Higher
Lower
High
Low
Global
West Africa
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R I P
Gp 41
Lipid
Membrane
Matrix
p17
Capsid
P24
RNA
Nef, tat, rev,
vif,vpu, vpr
Gag
Pol
Env

15.  Enveloped, spherical shaped RNA virus
 Size: 90-120 nm
 It contains 2 identical positive sense
single-stranded RNA
 Nucleocapsid:
 Outer: icosahedral shell
 Inner: cone shaped core enclosing ribonuclease proteins
 Enzymes:
a. Integrase
b. Protease
c. Reverse transcriptase
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16.  Envelope antigen: gp41, gp120
 Shell antigen: p17
 Core antigens: p15, p24
 Polymerase antigens: p31, p51, p66
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17.  Gag
 Pol
 Env
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18.  Nef
 Rev
 Vif
 Vpu
 Vpr
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19. Maternal to child
Blood or blood products
Sexual contact
Contaminated needles
Organ transplantation
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20. Data source :
 www.ncasc.gov.np
 www.unaids.org
 O.P. Ghai, Textbook of Pediatrics
 Davidson’s textbook of medicine
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