History of INDIA, myths technologies and many more interesting trends in the indian history

1. DPG DEGREE COLLEGE (Affiliated to MDU Rohtak)
Sector 34, Near Marble Market. Gurugram, 122001
Department of Arts & Humanities
Master of History(1st
Sem.)
Session-2023-2024
Project- The Stone Age & Renaissance in modern world
Submitted to-
Dr. Priya Shukla
Submitted by
Ashish Jha

2. UNIT 1
THE STONE AGE AND EARLY PEOPLES

3. SECTION 1
THE FIRST PEOPLE

4. HOMINIDS
• Humans have lived on the earth for more than 1 million years, but we haven’t
had records until 5,000 years ago
• When writing was created
• Prehistory: time before writing
• Hominid: early ancestor of humans
• Ancestor: someone who lived in the past

5. SCIENTISTS STUDY REMAINS
• Mary Leakey found bones in East Africa that dated back 1.5 million years
• The bones were believed to belong to a hominid
• From their studies, scientists were able to determine that the early ancestors
walked on two feet
• Not all scientists agree on the meaning of the discoveries of the bones

6. HOMINIDS AND EARLY HUMANS
• Hominids appeared around 3 million years ago
• As time passed, they began to look more like modern day humans
• The "upright man" was the first time they saw a man who walked like modern
humans
• Scientists aren't exactly sure when or where the first modern humans lived, but
many believe that they first appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago.

7. HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES
• Scientists believed that early humans lived in small groups
• Early humans of the Stone Age were hunter gatherers – people who hunt
animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
• Stone age hunters were men and worked in groups
• Women took the responsibility of collecting plants to eat and took care of
children

8. HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES
• Language was the first 'art' that was developed – people needed to find a
way to communicate with one another
• People began to carve figures into stone, ivory, and bone to communicate
(used symbols, not words)
• We know very little about the religious beliefs of early people

9. SECTION 2
EARLY HUMAN MIGRATION

10. PEOPLE MOVE OUT OF AFRICA
• During the Old Stone Age—Paleolithic Age, the climate began to change and
it encouraged people to migrate – or move
• Scientists believe that 1.6 million years ago, many places around the world
began to experience long periods of freezing weather (ice age)
• The last ice age ended about 10,000 years ago
• During ice ages, the ocean levels were so low, ice sheets formed on the top.

12. SETTLING NEW LANDS
• Migration around the world took hundreds of thousands of years
• Land bridges made it easier to cross into each new continent
• Geographic features, like mountains, made it more difficult
• By 9000 BC, humans lived on each continent of the world, except Antarctica

13. NEW TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
• In the Mesolithic Era, Middle Stone Age, people began to create tools that were
more complex than in the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic)
• The Mesolithic Era began 10,000 years ago
• They began to use bones and stones for tools
• People who lived near water created hooks and spears
• During this era was the first time people hollowed out a canoe and used it for the
first time

14. ADAPTING TO NEW ENVIRONMENTS
• People learned to sew animal skin and fur together to adapt to the colder
weather
• Took shelter in caves; but also learned to make huts from branches, mud, and
leaves
• They learned how to make canoes out of logs and trees
• They began to make pottery

15. SECTION 3
BEGINNINGS OF AGRICULTURE

16. FIRST FARMERS
• The Neolithic Era – New Stone Age – began roughly 10,000 years ago in
Southwest Asia
• People began to create tools like saws and drills by using stones; also began
using metal to make tools and weapons
• People found that they could use animals for more than killing, the process of
domestication
• They could be used to help farm, "pets", as well as food