In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He found that the rays could pass through human tissue and make bones and metals visible. A week later, he took the first X-ray photograph, of his wife's hand. For his discovery, Roentgen was awarded the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physics. Over time, technologies like computed tomography (CT) scans provided more detailed and three-dimensional views of internal structures, revolutionizing medical imaging.