History 101.pdf
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This document provides an overview of architectural styles from prehistoric to modern times across various regions. It begins with Paleolithic cave dwellings and continues chronologically through Mesopotamian ziggurats, Egyptian pyramids, Greek temples, Roman aqueducts and baths, Islamic mosques and palaces, Gothic cathedrals, Renaissance basilicas and chateaus, Baroque squares and palaces, and traditional structures in Asia, ending with 19th century buildings blending various styles. The document covers major structures in Europe, North Africa, West and South Asia, Mesoamerica, showcasing the evolution of architecture globally.
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History 101.pdf
- 1. A Presentation Prehistoric to Modern Architecture History 101 Page. 1 By: Mary Rose Ann
- 2. A Presentation ▪ Lascaux Cave – Montignac, France ▪ Bhimbetka rock shelters - Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, India ▪ Barda Balka – Iraq Paleolithic Era Page. 2 Prehistoric Architecture Mesolithic Era ▪ Caves of El Cogul – Catalonia, Spain ▪ Howick house - Northumberland, England ▪ Lepenski Vir – Serbia ▪ Olmec Heads - Mexico Neolithic Era ▪ Gobekli Tepe - Turkey ▪ Howick house - Northumberland, England ▪ Lepenski Vir – Serbia ▪ Callanish Stones – Scotland ▪ Stonehendge – Wiltshire England ▪ Temple of Tarxien – Malta ▪ Nuraghe – Sardinia ▪ Catalhoyuk - Turkey
- 3. A Presentation ▪ Zigurrat of Ur – Iraq ▪ Ishtar Gate – Hillah, Iraq ▪ Chogha Zanbil – Khuzestan, Iraq ▪ Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu – Baghdad, Iraq ▪ Hanging Garden of Babylon Mesopotamia Page. 3 Bronze Age Architecture Ancient Egypt ▪ Great Pyramid of Giza – Egypt ▪ Great Sphinx of Giza – Egypt ▪ Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut - Deir el Bahari ▪ Colossi of Memnon – Luxor ▪ Valley of the Kings – East of Nile River ▪ Pyramid of Djoser – Saqqara Necropolis, Egypt ▪ Great Temple of Karnak – Thebes ▪ Great Temple of Abu Simbel ▪ Temple of Isis – Philae
- 4. A Presentation ▪ Apadana – Persepolis ▪ Hall of Hundred Columns – Persepolis Persia Page. 4 Bronze Age Architecture Assyria • Palace of Sargon – Khorsabad • The Acropolis of Assur • The Palace of Ninrud (or Callah), of Asurnasirpal • The Gates of Balawat • The Fort of Salmanasar or Arsenal Palace – Ninrud • The Palace of Nineveh I • The Palace of Nineveh II Summerian • White Temple at Uruk • Ancient City of Kish • Palace of Xerxes
- 5. A Presentation ▪ Chichen Itza – Yucatan, Mexico ▪ Temple of Kukulcán – Yucatan, Mexico ▪ Temple of the Inscriptions – Chiapas, Mexico ▪ Pyramid of the Magician – Uxmal, Mexico ▪ High Temple - Orange Walk District, Belize ▪ Temple of Warrior ▪ Temple II – Tikal, Guatemala Mayan Civilization Page. 5 Mesoamerica Architecture ▪ Machu Picchu - Peru ▪ Coricancha – Cusco, Peru ▪ Saqsaywaman - Sacred and Urubamba Valleys of Peru Inca Empire ▪ Tenochtitlan – Mexico City ▪ Teotihuacan Pyramids (Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon) ▪ Pyramid of Santa Cecilia Acatitlan ▪ Pyramid of Tenayuca - Tlalnepantla de Baz ▪ Calixtlahuaca – Toluca, Mexico ▪ El Tepozteco - Morelos Aztec Architecture
- 6. A Presentation ▪ Lothal - Saragwala, Gujarat, India ▪ Dholavira - Gujarat, India ▪ Mehrgarh - Balochistan, Pakistan ▪ Sokhta Koh - Balochistan, Pakistan Harrapan Civilization Page. 6 Indus Valley Architecture Mohenjo Daro • Great Bath – Sindh, Pakistan • House of Priests – Sindh, Pakistan • Kalibangan • Lothal • Dholavira • Rakhigarhi - Haryana
- 7. A Presentation ▪ Megaron of Tiryns ▪ Megaron of Mycenae ▪ Panagia Tomb ▪ Treasury of Atreus ▪ Tomb of Clytemnestra Mycenaean Civilization Page. 7 Greek Architecture ▪ Palace of Knossos, Crete Minoan Civilization ▪ Temple of Hera II – Paestum, Italy ▪ Theatre of Epidaurus – Epidaurus, Greece ▪ Stoa of Attalus II – Athens, Greece ▪ Acropolis – Athens, Greece ▪ Propylaea – Athens, Greece ▪ Temple of Athena Nike – Athens, Greece ▪ Erectheion – Mnesicles, Acropolis ▪ Parthenon – Athens, Greece ▪ Temple of Hadrian – Ephesus ▪ Theatre of Ephesus ▪ Temple of Artemis – Turkey ▪ Theatre and temple of Apollo – Phocis Greece ▪ Temple of Poseidon - Sounion ▪ Sanctuary of Nemesis – Attica, Greece Classical Greek
- 8. A Presentation Page. 8 Roman Architecture Roman Empire Etruscans • Pont Du Gard – France • Appian Way (Road) • Aqua Appia • Aqueduct of Segovia – Spain • Puente Romano (Bridge) – Merida Spain • Ponte dei Quattro Capi • Aqua Alexandrina (Aqueduct) • Baths of Trajan • Baths of Diocletian • Colosseum • Baths of Caracalla • Circus Maximus • Forum of Augustus • Hadrian’s Villa • Pantheon • Catacombs of Rome • Pompeii • Trajan Column • Arch of Augustus • Arch of Titus • Arch of Septimus Severus • Arch of Trajan • Basilica Cistern – Turkey • Baiae – Ancient Roman City • Masada – Israel • Basilica of Constantine • Arch of Constantine • Civita di Bagnoregio (Village) – Central Italy • Palentine Hill
- 9. A Presentation Page. 9 Early Christian Architecture ▪ Pisa Cathedral ▪ St. Magdalene Vezelay ▪ Cluny Abbey ▪ Basilica of Saint Sernin ▪ Durham Cathedral ▪ San Miniato Al Monte ▪ Abbey of Saint-Étienne ▪ Abbey of Sainte-Trinite ▪ Basilica De San Isidoro ▪ Santo Domingo De Silos Abbey ▪ Modena Cathedral ▪ Basilica of Sant’ambrogio ▪ Krak des Chevaliers Romanesque Architecture Byzantine Architecture • Hagia Sophia • Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo • Basilica of San Vitale • Hippodrome of Constantinople • Hagia Irene • Hosios Loukas • Angelokastro • Church of Saint Catherine • Church of St. Clement • Old St. Peter • Santa Coztanza • Basilica of Trier • Church of Santa Fosca
- 10. A Presentation ▪ Amiens Cathedral ▪ Notre-Dame de Reims ▪ Basilica of Saint Denis ▪ Chartres Cathedral ▪ Santa Maria del Fiore ▪ Westminster Abbey ▪ Canterbury Cathedral ▪ Milan Cathedral Gothic Architecture Page. 10 Early Christian Architecture English Medieval Architecture ▪ York minster ▪ Westminster Hall ▪ Canterbury Cathedral ▪ Westminster Abbey ▪ Dover Castle ▪ Norwich Guildhall ▪ St. Michael’s Mount Castle ▪ Berkeley Castle ▪ The White Tower ▪ Rievaulx Abbey France Medieval Architecture • Rievaulx Abbey • Beauvais Cathedral • Mont-Saint-Michel • Carcassonne • Avignon • Aigues-Mortes • Guérande • Roquetaillade Castle • Château de Montbrun • Château d'Angers
- 11. A Presentation ▪ Cologne Cathedral ▪ Ulm Minster ▪ Wartburg Castle ▪ Cathedral of St Peter’s Regensburg ▪ Aachen Cathedral ▪ Eltz Castle ▪ Marksburg ▪ Mylau Castle ▪ Mainz Cathedral ▪ Magdeburger Dom German Medieval Architecture Page. 11 Early Christian Architecture Belgian/ Netherland Medieval Architecture ▪ Antwerp Cathedral ▪ Brussels Town Hall ▪ Martinikerk ▪ Brabantine Gothic ▪ St. John's Cathedral ('s-Hertogenbosch) Spain Medieval Architecture • Santa Maria Ripoll • Sant Climent de Taüll • Church of Santa Maria La Real • Castle Loarre • Old Cathedral of Salamanca • Leon Cathedral • Cathedral of Burgos • Cathedral of Toledo • Royal palace of Olite
- 12. A Presentation ▪ Taq Kasra ▪ Tarikhaneh Temple Sassanian Architecture Page. 12 Islamic Architecture Moorish Architecture • Great Mosque of Cordoba • Alcazar of the Caliphs • Medina Azahara • Aljaferia palace • The Alhambra • Alcazar of Seville • Granada ▪ Taj Mahal Mughal Architecture ▪ Dome of the rock ▪ Samanid Mausoleum ▪ Kalon Minaret ▪ Mosque of sultan hassan ▪ Mecca Ottoman Architecture
- 13. A Presentation ▪ Florence baptistry ▪ Florence Cathedral ▪ Church of San Lorenzo ▪ Palazzo Medici Riccardi ▪ Basilica of Sant'Andrea ▪ Palazzo Rucellai ▪ Santa Maria Novella ▪ St. Peter’s Basilica ▪ The Vatican Palace Early Renaisance Page. 13 Renaissance Architecture Late Renaisance • The crossing of Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan • Pavia Cathedral • Tempietto • Pallazzo Farnese French Renaisance ▪ Chateau de Blois ▪ Chateau de Bury ▪ Chateau de Chambord ▪ Palais de Versailles ▪ Palais de Louvre ▪ Palais de Fontainebleau ▪ Church of the Val de Grace ▪ Pantheon ▪ Opera house
- 14. A Presentation ▪ Heidelberg Castle ▪ Troja Palace ▪ The Rathaus ▪ Logia Waldstein Palace ▪ Pilgrimage Church ▪ Linderhof Guild House ▪ Walhalla Temple German Renaisance Page. 14 Renaissance Architecture Belgium and Dutch Renaisance • Townhall Antwerp • Guild house, brussels • S.Michel Louvain • Townhall Desden • Townhall Leyden English Renaisance ▪ St. Paul Cathedral ▪ Queen’s House ▪ Hampton Court ▪ Greenwich Hospital ▪ Casa de las conchas ▪ Granada Cathedral ▪ The Alcazar ▪ University of Salamanca ▪ The Escoliar ▪ Barcelona Cathedral ▪ Burgos Cathedral Spain Renaissance Russian Renaisance ▪ St. Petersburg ▪ The Ekaterininsky Palace ▪ Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin ▪ Former General Staff Headquarters ▪ St. basils Cathedral
- 15. A Presentation ▪ St. Trevi ▪ St. Peter’s Square ▪ San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontaine Italian Baroque Page. 15 Baroque Architecture ▪ Palacio Real de Madrid Spanish Baroque ▪ Palace of Versailles ▪ Les Invalides Paris French Baroque ▪ St. Paul Cathedral English Baroque ▪ Westenberg Abbey Church ▪ Weingarten Abbey Church German Baroque
- 16. A Presentation ▪ The Forbidden City ▪ Temple of Heaven ▪ Great Wall of China ▪ Summer Palace ▪ Mausoleum of the first Qin Emperor ▪ Thousand Buddha Grottoes ▪ Potala Palace ▪ Wudang Mountains ▪ Mount Omei ▪ Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom ▪ Fujian Tulou Page. 16 Chinese Architecture
- 17. A Presentation ▪ Taj Mahal ▪ Tomb of Salim Chishti ▪ Safdarjung's Tomb ▪ Akbar Tomb, Agra ▪ Humayun's Tomb, Delhi Mughal Architecture Page. 17 Indian Architecture Temples • Ajanta Caves • Town of Mamallapuram • Shore Temple • Ellora Caves • The Kailash Temple • Brihadeewarar Temple • Kadariya Mahadeo Temple • Sun Temple, Konark, Orissa • Meenakshi Temple • Great stupa at Sandhi • Dashavatara Temple • Palitana Jain Temples • Virupaksha temple • Rani Ki Vav, Gujarat • Somanatha Temple • Taranga Jain Temple
- 18. A Presentation ▪ Angkor Wat Complex Khmer Impire Page. 18 Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand Architecture Indonesian Architecture • Rumah Adat (Traditional Home) • Prambanan complex • Borobudur Temple Compounds • Sewu Temple • Gunung Padang Thai Architecture • Wat Phra Kaew • The ruins of Ayutthaya and Sukhothai • Prasat Hin Phimai • Wat Rong Khun • The Grand Palace
- 19. A Presentation ▪ Himeji castle or White Heron Castle ▪ Golden pavilion temple ▪ Byodo In Temple ▪ Horyuji Temple ▪ Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi ▪ Castles of the Ryukyu Kingdom ▪ Shrines and Temples of Nikko ▪ Monuments of Ancient Nara ▪ Itsukushima Shrine ▪ Shirakawa-go and Gokayama ▪ Monuments of Ancient Kyoto Page. 19 Japanese Architecture
- 20. A Presentation ▪ Iglesia Dela Conception Madrid ▪ Natural History Museum of London ▪ Paris Opera House – eclectic ▪ Banco de Espanya ▪ Crystal Palace, Paxton ▪ Santa Maria De Covadonga ▪ Barcelona Cathedral ▪ House of Parliament London ▪ Eifel tower, Paris ▪ Carson, Pirie, Scott Building New York ▪ Home Insurance Building Revivals Europe and America Page. 20 Revivals Architecture
- 21. A Presentation ▪ Sagrada Familia ▪ Casa Batlo ▪ Casa Mila ▪ Riga the city in Latvia ▪ Hotel Tassel ▪ The Museum of Musical Instruments ▪ Paris Métro ▪ 31 rue Campagne-Première in Montparnasse, Paris ▪ Secession Building in Vienna ▪ Glasgow School of Art, Scotland Page. 21 Art Nouveau Architecture
- 22. A Presentation ▪ Lutos Temple, Delhi ▪ Petronas twin Tower, Kuala lumpor ▪ Taipei 101, Taiwan ▪ International Commerce Centre (ICC), Hongkong ▪ Jockey Club Innovation Tower, Hongkong ▪ Opus Hong Kong ▪ Bank of China, Hongkong ▪ The National Stadium, or The Bird’s Nest, Beijing ▪ CCTV Headquarters, Beijing ▪ Moon Hotel Huzhou ▪ Shanghai Tower ▪ Marina Bay Sands, Singapore America Page. 22 Modern Architecture Architecture Asia ▪ Chrysler Building (In Art deco) ▪ The Dakota (German renaissance Style) ▪ Empire State Building (In Art Deco) ▪ Flatiron Building (Beaux Arts façade) ▪ Grand Central Terminal ▪ Guggenheim Museum ▪ Metropolitan Museum of Art ▪ New York Stock Exchange ▪ One World Trade Center ▪ TWA Terminal at JFK ▪ Fallingwater ▪ Robie house ▪ Glass house
- 23. A Presentation ▪ Sky Habitat Singapore ▪ Gardens by the Bay ▪ Hiroshima Peace Memorial ▪ Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building ▪ Nakagin Capsule Tower, Tokyo ▪ Church of Light, Osaka ▪ Christian Dior building, Omotesandō ▪ Nara Centennial Hall ▪ Singapore Changi Airport Page. 22 Modern Architecture Architecture Asia Europe ▪ Notre-Dame du Haut, France ▪ The Centre Pompidou ▪ Louis Vuitton Foundation ▪ Black Diamond (library), Denmark ▪ The Gherkin, London ▪ Barcelona Pavilion ▪ Turning Torso, Sweden ▪ Dancing House, prague ▪ Villa Savoye, France ▪ The Shard, London ▪ Elbphilharmonie Hamburg ▪ SIS Building, London
- 24. Thank you! Prehistoric to Modern Architecture END OF PRESENTATION Page. 22 By: Mary Rose Ann