Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, marking the beginning of psychology as a distinct science. Wundt's structuralism approach used introspection to analyze the basic elements of consciousness. However, introspection proved unreliable. William James then proposed functionalism, studying how the mind functions in relation to behaviors and adaptation. Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis, focusing on the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind. He believed unconscious drives and desires influence behaviors. Carl Jung expanded on this with his concepts of archetypes in the collective unconscious, including the persona, anima, animus and mother archetypes. These early founders laid the groundwork for modern psychology.
In the Jungian, Adlerian and Gestalt theories discuss with your peer.docxzenobiakeeney
In the Jungian, Adlerian and Gestalt theories discuss with your peers what you find to be the positives of the theories and techniques and any criticisms you may have. Be certain you have read over the powerpoint, both web articles found under learning resources and the required reading assignment. Must be a minimum of 500 word
Carl Gustav Jung was the best known member of the group that formed the core of the early psychoanalytic movementfollowers and students of Sigmund Freud. After completing his medical studies, Jung obtained a position at the Burghoelzli Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland.
C. G. Jung
Carl Gustav Jung was the best known member of the group that formed the core of the early psychoanalytic movementfollowers and students of Sigmund Freud. After completing his medical studies, Jung obtained a position at the Burghoelzli Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland. There he worked with patients suffering from schizophrenia, while also conducting word association research. In 1904 Jung corresponded with Freud about this latter work and also began to use Freud's psychoanalytic treatment with his patients. In 1906 Freud invited Jung to Vienna, and they began a professional relationship. Freud soon began to favor Jung as his successor in the new and growing psychoanalytic movement. Through Freud's efforts, Jung was appointed Permanent President of the Association of Psycho-Analysis at its Second Congress in 1910. Jung and Freud held in common an understanding of the profound role of the unconscious. Their understanding of the nature of the unconscious, however, began to diverge. This led to a painful break between the two men in 1913 after Jung's publication of a major article on the psychology of the unconscious which emphasized the role of symbolism (Jung, 1912). Freud felt personally betrayed by Jung's departure from his theoretical views. Jung likewise felt betrayed, believing that Freud, because of his inflexibility, had failed to support this extension of their mutual work.
In the years from 1913 to 1917, when Jung was largely ostracized by the psychoanalytic community, he embarked upon a deep, extensive, (and potentially dangerous) process of self-analysis that he called a "confrontation with the unconscious" (Jung, 1961, chap. 6, pp. 170-99). Jung emerged from this personal journey with the structures in place for his theories on archetypes, complexes, the collective unconscious, and the individuation process. These theories, along with his understanding of the symbolism found in dreams and in other creative processes, formed the basis of his clinical approach, which he called analytical psychology. Throughout his long life, Jung continued to develop and broaden his theoretical framework, drawing both on his clinical practice and his study of such wide-ranging subjects as alchemy, Eastern religions, astrology, mythology, and fairy tales.
Jungian Theory
Jungian theory is very much experience driven. It is an approach which keeps ...
Chapter 2 - psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Born 1856 – What was going on in the united states?
Franklin Pierce was president of the U.S.
The Civil War in the United States was still a few years away (1861).
A lot of people die in Kansas over slavery.
500 Mormons leave Iowa City, headed for Salt Lake City.
Early life
Born in Moravia in Czechoslovakia in 1856 to a Jewish family
Had a very loving and protective mother; stern and authoritarian father (20 years older than his mother).
His father was a widower. From his father’s first marriage he had two elder brothers, one of which had a son Sigmund’s age. So… Sigmund was born an uncle.
Freud and his family moved to Vienna when he was four years of age. He stayed there close to 80 years, moving only when the Nazi party took power in 1938.
Freud was the oldest of his five siblings and given preferential treatment.
He had dreams of becoming a general or lawyer, but because he was a Jew he couldn’t.
He began medical studies at the University of Vienna and graduated 8 yrs. later.
Professional life
He established a practice as a clinical neurologist in 1881.
Freud made notable contributions to research. Developing a method to of staining cells for microscopic study.
As a physician, he explored the anesthetic properties of cocaine.
In his private practice Freud focused on the study of neurosis (emotional disturbances.)
He released Interpretation of Dreams in 1900.
There was a group of doctors who worked in Vienna that would hang out and talk: Jung, Adler, Jones, Brill, Sandor.
Origins of psychoanalysis
On his return from France, Freud became influenced by a Viennese physician and friend, Joseph Breuer.
Psychoanalysis began with the case history of Joseph Breuer’s patient, Anna O.
Psychoanalysis - A treatment approach based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious factors may be the source of considerable distress and unhappiness, and other troubling personality traits.
Anna O. experienced what is now know as conversion disorder (called hysteria at the time)
Breuer used hypnosis and “talking method”
After talking about her father’s illness and death, Anna experienced catharsis (emotional release), and her symptoms were relieved.
She became very attached to Dr. Breuer causing problems with his wife… she offered him a phantom pregnancy as her last symptom.
Freud starts working more on his own…
Freud used the “talking method” to assist his patients in remembering past traumatic events first through hypnosis, but later abandoned this technique when he realized that not all patients could be hypnotized.
Unconscious processes (forces unaware to the person)
Resistance: force that prevents the patient from becoming aware of events and keeps them in the unconscious – not allowing painful memories into consciousness… no ill effects
Repression: blocking of a wish or desire (strong emotions evoked fr ...
Table of Contents:
- THE EMERGENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY
- DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
- BASIC SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL SCHOOLS
- STRUCTURALISM
- FUNCTIONALISM
- PSYCHOANALYTIC SCHOOL
- THE STRUCTURE OF THE PSYCHE
- CRITICISM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
- BEHAVIORISM
- GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
- HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
- COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
- RESEARCH METHODS
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
In the Jungian, Adlerian and Gestalt theories discuss with your peer.docxzenobiakeeney
In the Jungian, Adlerian and Gestalt theories discuss with your peers what you find to be the positives of the theories and techniques and any criticisms you may have. Be certain you have read over the powerpoint, both web articles found under learning resources and the required reading assignment. Must be a minimum of 500 word
Carl Gustav Jung was the best known member of the group that formed the core of the early psychoanalytic movementfollowers and students of Sigmund Freud. After completing his medical studies, Jung obtained a position at the Burghoelzli Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland.
C. G. Jung
Carl Gustav Jung was the best known member of the group that formed the core of the early psychoanalytic movementfollowers and students of Sigmund Freud. After completing his medical studies, Jung obtained a position at the Burghoelzli Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland. There he worked with patients suffering from schizophrenia, while also conducting word association research. In 1904 Jung corresponded with Freud about this latter work and also began to use Freud's psychoanalytic treatment with his patients. In 1906 Freud invited Jung to Vienna, and they began a professional relationship. Freud soon began to favor Jung as his successor in the new and growing psychoanalytic movement. Through Freud's efforts, Jung was appointed Permanent President of the Association of Psycho-Analysis at its Second Congress in 1910. Jung and Freud held in common an understanding of the profound role of the unconscious. Their understanding of the nature of the unconscious, however, began to diverge. This led to a painful break between the two men in 1913 after Jung's publication of a major article on the psychology of the unconscious which emphasized the role of symbolism (Jung, 1912). Freud felt personally betrayed by Jung's departure from his theoretical views. Jung likewise felt betrayed, believing that Freud, because of his inflexibility, had failed to support this extension of their mutual work.
In the years from 1913 to 1917, when Jung was largely ostracized by the psychoanalytic community, he embarked upon a deep, extensive, (and potentially dangerous) process of self-analysis that he called a "confrontation with the unconscious" (Jung, 1961, chap. 6, pp. 170-99). Jung emerged from this personal journey with the structures in place for his theories on archetypes, complexes, the collective unconscious, and the individuation process. These theories, along with his understanding of the symbolism found in dreams and in other creative processes, formed the basis of his clinical approach, which he called analytical psychology. Throughout his long life, Jung continued to develop and broaden his theoretical framework, drawing both on his clinical practice and his study of such wide-ranging subjects as alchemy, Eastern religions, astrology, mythology, and fairy tales.
Jungian Theory
Jungian theory is very much experience driven. It is an approach which keeps ...
Chapter 2 - psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Born 1856 – What was going on in the united states?
Franklin Pierce was president of the U.S.
The Civil War in the United States was still a few years away (1861).
A lot of people die in Kansas over slavery.
500 Mormons leave Iowa City, headed for Salt Lake City.
Early life
Born in Moravia in Czechoslovakia in 1856 to a Jewish family
Had a very loving and protective mother; stern and authoritarian father (20 years older than his mother).
His father was a widower. From his father’s first marriage he had two elder brothers, one of which had a son Sigmund’s age. So… Sigmund was born an uncle.
Freud and his family moved to Vienna when he was four years of age. He stayed there close to 80 years, moving only when the Nazi party took power in 1938.
Freud was the oldest of his five siblings and given preferential treatment.
He had dreams of becoming a general or lawyer, but because he was a Jew he couldn’t.
He began medical studies at the University of Vienna and graduated 8 yrs. later.
Professional life
He established a practice as a clinical neurologist in 1881.
Freud made notable contributions to research. Developing a method to of staining cells for microscopic study.
As a physician, he explored the anesthetic properties of cocaine.
In his private practice Freud focused on the study of neurosis (emotional disturbances.)
He released Interpretation of Dreams in 1900.
There was a group of doctors who worked in Vienna that would hang out and talk: Jung, Adler, Jones, Brill, Sandor.
Origins of psychoanalysis
On his return from France, Freud became influenced by a Viennese physician and friend, Joseph Breuer.
Psychoanalysis began with the case history of Joseph Breuer’s patient, Anna O.
Psychoanalysis - A treatment approach based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious factors may be the source of considerable distress and unhappiness, and other troubling personality traits.
Anna O. experienced what is now know as conversion disorder (called hysteria at the time)
Breuer used hypnosis and “talking method”
After talking about her father’s illness and death, Anna experienced catharsis (emotional release), and her symptoms were relieved.
She became very attached to Dr. Breuer causing problems with his wife… she offered him a phantom pregnancy as her last symptom.
Freud starts working more on his own…
Freud used the “talking method” to assist his patients in remembering past traumatic events first through hypnosis, but later abandoned this technique when he realized that not all patients could be hypnotized.
Unconscious processes (forces unaware to the person)
Resistance: force that prevents the patient from becoming aware of events and keeps them in the unconscious – not allowing painful memories into consciousness… no ill effects
Repression: blocking of a wish or desire (strong emotions evoked fr ...
Table of Contents:
- THE EMERGENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY
- DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
- BASIC SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL SCHOOLS
- STRUCTURALISM
- FUNCTIONALISM
- PSYCHOANALYTIC SCHOOL
- THE STRUCTURE OF THE PSYCHE
- CRITICISM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
- BEHAVIORISM
- GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
- HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
- COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
- RESEARCH METHODS
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
3. Although people have always
attempted to understand behaviour, the
study of psychology as a distinct
science is scarcely more than a century
old.
The most famous psychological schools
are:
6. Most historians date back the
founding of scientific psychology to
1879, the year when Wilhelm Wundt
established his psychology laboratory
at the University of Leipzig in
Germany.
8. The new discipline represented a
convergence of two currents of thought
in philosophy and science. One was the
tradition of empiricism with its
emphasis on experience; the other was
the science of physiology.
9. Empiricism, introduced by the
philosopher John Locke in the
seventeenth century, focused on the
experience of the world as a source of
knowledge.
10. Since the world is communicated to
people through the sensory organs,
Wundt was interested in the
relationship between the activation of
these organs by physical events and the
resulting psychological experiences.
11. The other tradition was the science of
physiology. In the nineteenth century,
the brain and the nervous system were
analysed by many researchers. Wundt
was a physiologist himself.
12. The method used by Wundt was called
introspection and it may seem naive
now, but at least it was systematic. For
example he and his colleagues
attempted to test all the conscious
experiences that occurred while trained
observers were looking at visual images
or listening to the beat of a metronome.
13.
14.
15. This psychological current was later
named structuralism.
Through identification of the basic
elements of mental experience
(sensations, images and feelings),
Wundt and his followers tried to
understand the structure of mind.
16. Despite heroic attempts of the early
psychologists to ensure the accuracy
and reliability of their introspective
data, their effort failed, for these two
reasons:
17. 1-Many cognitive activities cannot be
introspected upon;
2-during the mentioned experiments,
there were several disagreements
among basic observations.
As a matter of fact, without reliable
observations, there can be no science as
well.
18. The failure of the introspective method
to provide reliable data had widespread
repercussions. It prepared the way for
Watson’s radical proposal that
psychology should study only man’s
behavior and reject introspection and
the study of the mind.
20. William James published in 1890 a
book entitled Principles of Psychology.
There were no boundaries to James's
interest in psychological processes, and
no areas to which his mind would not
investigate.
22. In his “Principles”, he devoted chapters
to habit, attention, perception, memory,
reasoning, instinct, emotion,
imagination, psychological methods,
and even hypnotism.
24. Sigmund Freud was born on May 6th
1856 in a small town, Freiberg, in
Moravia. When he was a child, the
family moved to Vienna, where he then
lived most of his life.
27. A brilliant child, a talented and skillful
student, he went to a medical school,
one of the few available options for a
bright Jewish boy in Vienna those days.
There, he became involved in research
under the direction of a physiology
professor named Ernst Brücke.
28. Brücke believed in what we now call
reductionism: "No other forces than the
common physical-chemical ones are
active within the organism.” Freud
would spend many years trying to
"reduce" personality to neurology, a
cause he later gave up on.
29. Freud was very good at doing research,
concentrating mainly on
neurophysiology, but only a limited
number of positions at the University
were available, and there were others
ahead of him.
30. Brücke helped him to get a grant to
study, first with the great psychiatrist
Charcot in Paris, then with his rival
Bernheim in Nancy. Both these
researchers were investigating the use
of hypnosis with hysterics.
31. After spending a short time as a
resident in neurology and director of a
children's ward in Berlin, he came back
to Vienna, married his fiancée of many
years and set up a practice in
neuropsychiatry, with the help of J.
Breuer.
32. Freud emigrated to England just before
World War II when Vienna became an
increasing dangerous place for Jews,
especially the ones as famous as Freud.
Not long afterwards, he died of a cancer
of his mouth and jaw he had suffered
from for the last 20 years of his life.
33. Freud's books and lectures brought him
both fame and ostracism from the
mainstream of the medical community.
He drew around him a number of very
bright sympathisers who became the
very core of the psychoanalytic
movement (Jung, Adler, Anna Freud).
34. Freud did not exactly invent the idea of
the conscious versus unconscious mind,
but he certainly was responsible for
making it popular. The conscious mind
is what you are aware of at any
particular moment, your present
perceptions, memories, thoughts,
fantasies and feelings.
36. Working closely with the conscious
mind is what Freud called the
preconscious, what we might call today
"available memory:" anything that can
easily be made conscious, the
memories you are not thinking about at
the moment but can readily brought to
your mind. Freud suggested that
conscious and preconscious are the
smallest parts of our whole mind.
37. The largest part by far is the
unconscious. It includes all the things
that are not easily available to
awareness, such as our instincts, and
things that are to be found there since
we are not able to look at them, such as
the memories and the emotions
associated with trauma.
38. According to Freud, the unconscious is
the source of our motivations, whether
they be simple desires for food or sex,
neurotic compulsions, or the ideals of
an artist or scientist. And yet, we are
often driven to deny or resist becoming
conscious of these motivations, and
they are often available to us only in a
disguised form (i.e. during a night
dream).
39. Some of Freud's most interesting works
are:
-A General Introduction to
Psychoanalysis;
-The Interpretation of Dreams;
-The Psychopathology of Everyday
Life;
-Totem and Taboo;
-Civilisation and Its Discontents
and many others.
40. Unfortunately, Freud had a penchant for
rejecting people who did not totally
agree with him. Some left him on
friendly terms; others did not, and went
on to found competing schools of
thought (i.e. Carl Jung).
42. Carl Jung's theory divides the psyche
into three parts. The first is the ego,
which Jung identifies with the
conscious mind. Closely related to it is
the personal unconscious, which
includes anything which is not
presently conscious, but it can be.
43. But then Jung adds the part of the
psyche that makes his theory stand out
from all the others: the collective
unconscious.
44. The collective unconscious is our
"psychic inheritance." It is the
“reservoir” of our experiences as a
species, a kind of innate knowledge we
are all born with, and yet we can never
be directly conscious of it.
45. The contents of the collective
unconscious are called archetypes.
Jung also called them dominants,
mythological or primordial images.
An archetype is an unlearned tendency
to experience things in a certain way.
46. The mother archetype is a particularly
good example. It is symbolised by the
primordial mother or "earth mother" of
mythology, by Eve and Mary in
western traditions.
47.
48. The persona archetype represents your
public image. The word is, obviously,
related to the word person and
personality, and comes from a Latin
word for mask. As a consequence, the
persona is the mask you put on before
you show yourself to the outside world.
49.
50. Anima and animus archetype
A part of our person is the role of male
or female we must play. For most
people that role is determined by their
physical gender. But Jung, Freud, Adler
and others felt that we are all really
bisexual in nature.
51. If you are looking for something among
Jung’s work, you might read:
-Analytic Psychology: Its Theory and
Practice;
-Man and His Symbols.