The document provides information about two historical movements in Bangladesh - the 1952 Language Movement and the 1971 Liberation War. It summarizes the key events and outcomes of each movement. For the Language Movement, it describes the declaration of Urdu as the sole official language of Pakistan which sparked protests. It outlines the events of 1952 that led to deaths of student protesters and later recognition of Bengali language. For the Liberation War, it gives background of discrimination faced by East Pakistan, Operation Searchlight that began genocide, formation of Mukti Bahini forces, fighting back against Pakistan army and Rajakars, and eventual surrender of Pakistani forces on December 16, 1971.

1. Welcome To Our
Presentation

2. Presented By
Yasin Arafat Azaharul
Abdullah Al Asif
Historical Movement
In Bangladesh

3. 1952 Language Movement
Historical Movement In Bangladesh
o 1971 Liberation War

4. Language Movement 1952
Early stages of the
movement
Events of 1952
Declaration of state
language
Declaration of
International Mother
Language Day

5. Early stages of the
movement
 21 March, 1948 Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Declared
that
 Urdu would be the only official language of
Pakistan.
 The declaration raised a storm of protest in the
East Pakistan.

6. Events of
1952
• The government outlawed all sorts of
public meetings and rallies to prevent
movement
• Students gather in Dhaka university
premises
• They brought out a peaceful protest
procession on 21 February 1952.

7. Events of
1952
• The procession reached near Dhaka
Medical College.
• police opened fire and killed a
number of students
• including Salam, Rafiq, Barkat and
Jabbar.

8. Declaration of state
language
 On 7 May 1954, the constituent assembly resolved, to
grant official status to Bengali.
 Bengali was recognised as the second official
language of Pakistan on 29 February 1956, and article
214(1) of the constitution of Pakistan was reworded to
"The state language of Pakistan shall be Urdu and
Bengali."

9. Declaration of International Mother
Language Day
• UNESCO declare in November
1999.
• In its resolution the UNESCO
said-' 21st February be
proclaimed International Mother
Language Day throughout the
world to commemorate the
martyrs who sacrificed their
lives on this very day in 1952.

10. 1971 Liberation War
 Background of the war
 The beginning of genocide: Operation Searchlight
 Genesis of mukti bahini
 Fight Back
 Rajakars
 Pakistani Soldiers Surrender

11. Background Of The War
 West Pakistan always neglects the
Bengalis
 They did not want to loose their
power
 Jatir Jonok Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman was given speech
in March 7th, 1971

12. Background Of The War
• Many discriminations were reportedly existing East
and West Pakistan on the societal level:
• Most of the high administrative positions were
occupied by the West Pakistanis:

13. Background Of The War
• Many discriminations were reportedly existing East and West Pakistan on the societal
level:
• Most of the high administrative positions were occupied by the West
Pakistanis:

14. Background Of The War
Historical Six Points Movement
I. a Federation based on the Lahore
Resolution,
II. central government dealt only
with defense and foreign affairs,
III. either two separate currencies for
the two wings or same currency
for both wings with provision that
flight of capital is prevented and
each wing maintain separate
revenue accounts,

15. IV.the units be given the authority to
levy taxes and to collect revenue,
V. separate foreign exchange
accounts for both the wings, and
VI.setting up a para-military force for
East Bengal.
Background Of The War
Historical Six Points Movement

16. Background Of The War
 It was in line with the six points
movement and against the military
dictatorship of Ayub Khan.
 Another vanguard of the anti-Ayub
Mass Movement was the 'All Party
Students Committee of Action‘ on
the basis of an 11-point program.
 All these directed to the fall of
Ayub’s regime.
 It was during the mass movement of
1969 that Bengali nationalism
reached its highest point.
Mass Upsurge Of 1969

17. Background Of The War
General Election of 1970
 East Pakistan assembly
Results : Awami League Won
SeatsParties
288Awami League
2Pakistan Democratic Party
3Other Parties
7Independents
300TOTAL

18. Background Of The War
General Election of 1970
 National assembly
Results : Awami League Won
SeatsParties
160Awami League
81Pakistan People's Party
43Other Parties
16Independents
300TOTAL

19. • Before arrested Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
declared the independence on
Bangladesh
Arrest Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
• They arrested Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at
25 March, Midnight

20. The beginning of genocide:
Operation Searchlight
 It was a planned military operation by Pakistan Army on 25th March.

21. The beginning of genocide:
Operation Searchlight
 Attack on Bengali Peoples and soldiers

22. The beginning of genocide: Operation
Searchlight
 Attack on Dhaka University hall

23. Genesis Of Mukti Bahini
 According to Pakistan army
sources, there were about 5000
regular soldiers from six battalions
of East Bengal Regiment(EBR),
16000 troops from East Pakistan
Rifles (EPR) and 45000 Police
posted in the then East Pakistan.
 The first attempt to coordinate war
efforts was made on April 4, 1971 in
Teliapara (Sylhet), where a number
of senior Bengali military
commanders .

24. Atrocities Committed
 Genocide against the Bengali
population of East Pakistan
 Minorities of Bangladesh especially
Hindus were targets for the Pakistan
army
 2-400,000 east Pakistani women
raped, tortured and killed
 Pakistan Army carried out execution of
Bengali intellectuals (university
professors, etc.)
 Killed 30,00000 – 40,00000 East
pakistani

25. Fight Back
• The position of commander in chief of the Bangladesh
armed forces was given to Cornel M.A.G. Osmani
• Bangladesh divided into 11 sectors and 69 subsectors
in order to consolidate war efforts

26. • The total number of fighters available
at the moment included about 18000
regular forces, about 150 officers and
around 130000 guerrillas. In addition to
that, there were many independent
forces of guerrillas.
Fight Back

27. Razakar
 The Jamaat-e-
Islami Party is worth
special to help the
Pakistan Army as a
name of Rajakars
 General Niazi
ordered that the
Rajakars be called
AlBadr and Al-
Shams

28.  Pakistan attacked India on 3rd
December, for that India also
joined with freedom fighters and
the joined forces surrounded
Dhaka and demanded that
Pakistan Army surrender.
Surrender
 On 16th December at
Racecourse Maidan, General
Niazi signed the surrender
document to joined forces
commander Lt. General Jagjit
Singh Aurora.

29. THANK YOU