Operation Searchlight was a planned military operation carried out by the Pakistani Army in 1971 to suppress the Bengali nationalist movement in East Pakistan. The operation involved killing tens of thousands of civilians and arresting political and student leaders. This operation reflected poorly around the world and galvanized support for an independent Bangladesh. The atrocities committed led the people of East Pakistan to begin the Liberation War against Pakistan, which ultimately resulted in Pakistan's defeat and the creation of an independent Bangladesh in December 1971.
What is Operation Searchlight?
To silence the Bangali Nationalist Movement in East Pakistan, in the Liberation War of 1971, a planned military murder was carried out which is known as Operation Searchlight. The main plan was to take over the whole control of the important cities in 26th march and finish the total opposition, army and politician in one month.
Background of Operation Searchlight
A national election was held in 1970. Across Bangali territory of Pakistan National Assembly, Awami League won a huge victory. West Pakistan started talks on constitutional questions and formation of national government lead by Awami league. However, the talks were unsuccessful as the West Pakistan Government did not want to give the power to Sheik Mujibur Rahman. Therefore, in 7th March of 1971 Sheik Mujibur Rahman declared in the Racecourse Field, to continue the non-cooperation movement until he and, hence, Awami League gets the power. He also declared a 4 points demand. In response, West Pakistan made a secret plan on the execution of operation searchlight. To carry out the operation, troops were secretly brought in East Pakistan.
In 25th March, at night, Mujib was arrested and was taken to Wst Pakistan. The Army started huge killing in all over East Pakistan. Dhaka University Dormitory received the biggest attack and around 7000 students, faculty and staff were killed. In a week’s time, 30000 people were killed and 50% of the population left Dhaka city. 50% of the Chittagong was also killed. This mass murder was continued for the rest of nine months until the victory of Bangladesh in 16th of December.
The strategy of Operation Searchlight
The strategy was made by Major General Khadim Hussain Raza, and Major General Rao Farman Ali in March 1971 according to the decisions taken at the meeting of Pakistani army staff in 22nd February. The strategy was to kill everyone having connections with Awami League and to kill everyone having support for the Bangali Nationalist movement against martial law. The key requirements for success included launching simultaneous attack in all over east Pakistan, capturing the radio and TV stations, cutting off international communication, eliminating maximum number of students and political leaders, taking control of Dhaka and important cities, Dhaka University, cantonments, disarming East Bengali troops and terrorizing East Pakistan so that they submit to martial law within 10th April of 1971.
Why students were attacked?
Students have always supported political leaders since British period. They were brave and fearless of death. Students lead by political leaders always brought success in the subcontinent even in the language movement of 1952 which lead to the inclusion of Bangla as an official language. Therefore, the government wanted to finish the students so that they could not fight back and the civilians would surrender within a week from
Exploring the history of our Liberation War and Political events leading to ...Abdulla Al Imran
Exploring the creation of Pakistan
Political events leading to war of 1971
Exploring the history of our Liberation War
Bangali Language Movement
Six point movement
What is Operation Searchlight?
To silence the Bangali Nationalist Movement in East Pakistan, in the Liberation War of 1971, a planned military murder was carried out which is known as Operation Searchlight. The main plan was to take over the whole control of the important cities in 26th march and finish the total opposition, army and politician in one month.
Background of Operation Searchlight
A national election was held in 1970. Across Bangali territory of Pakistan National Assembly, Awami League won a huge victory. West Pakistan started talks on constitutional questions and formation of national government lead by Awami league. However, the talks were unsuccessful as the West Pakistan Government did not want to give the power to Sheik Mujibur Rahman. Therefore, in 7th March of 1971 Sheik Mujibur Rahman declared in the Racecourse Field, to continue the non-cooperation movement until he and, hence, Awami League gets the power. He also declared a 4 points demand. In response, West Pakistan made a secret plan on the execution of operation searchlight. To carry out the operation, troops were secretly brought in East Pakistan.
In 25th March, at night, Mujib was arrested and was taken to Wst Pakistan. The Army started huge killing in all over East Pakistan. Dhaka University Dormitory received the biggest attack and around 7000 students, faculty and staff were killed. In a week’s time, 30000 people were killed and 50% of the population left Dhaka city. 50% of the Chittagong was also killed. This mass murder was continued for the rest of nine months until the victory of Bangladesh in 16th of December.
The strategy of Operation Searchlight
The strategy was made by Major General Khadim Hussain Raza, and Major General Rao Farman Ali in March 1971 according to the decisions taken at the meeting of Pakistani army staff in 22nd February. The strategy was to kill everyone having connections with Awami League and to kill everyone having support for the Bangali Nationalist movement against martial law. The key requirements for success included launching simultaneous attack in all over east Pakistan, capturing the radio and TV stations, cutting off international communication, eliminating maximum number of students and political leaders, taking control of Dhaka and important cities, Dhaka University, cantonments, disarming East Bengali troops and terrorizing East Pakistan so that they submit to martial law within 10th April of 1971.
Why students were attacked?
Students have always supported political leaders since British period. They were brave and fearless of death. Students lead by political leaders always brought success in the subcontinent even in the language movement of 1952 which lead to the inclusion of Bangla as an official language. Therefore, the government wanted to finish the students so that they could not fight back and the civilians would surrender within a week from
Exploring the history of our Liberation War and Political events leading to ...Abdulla Al Imran
Exploring the creation of Pakistan
Political events leading to war of 1971
Exploring the history of our Liberation War
Bangali Language Movement
Six point movement
Its about Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presenting the famous six point demand on behalf of neglected people of then East Pakistan [now Bangladesh] . The background , the six points & its outcome has been given here.
BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN dedicated his life to establishing a democratic, peaceful and exploitation-free society called ‘Sonar Bangla’. He sacrificed his life to liberate the Bangalee nation. He is the founding father of the Bangalee nation, generator of Bangalee nationalism and creator of the sovereign state of Bangladesh.
Its about Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presenting the famous six point demand on behalf of neglected people of then East Pakistan [now Bangladesh] . The background , the six points & its outcome has been given here.
BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN dedicated his life to establishing a democratic, peaceful and exploitation-free society called ‘Sonar Bangla’. He sacrificed his life to liberate the Bangalee nation. He is the founding father of the Bangalee nation, generator of Bangalee nationalism and creator of the sovereign state of Bangladesh.
The Slide nis about Mukti Bahini that was a gaurela force during separation of Pakistan and Bangladeshi.This explains all the events during war. At the End of War Bangladeshi was separated from pakistan
This presentation is uploaded to give a scope to all Bangladeshi to know the history of our Liberation War . Hope you find it interesting. If you like it please share with others
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2. WHAT IS OPERATION SEARCHLITE?
• A planed military
killing carried out
by Pakistani Army
to suppress the
Bengali nationalist
movement in East
Pakistan
3. • After the Awami League had won a decisive majority (capturing 167 out of 313 seats) in
the 1970 Pakistan parliamentary elections, the Bengali population expected a swift
transfer of power to the Awami League based on the six point program.
• On 28 February 1971, Yahya Khan the President of Pakistan, under the pressure of PPP of
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, postponed the national assembly meeting scheduled for March. The
Pakistan Peoples Party had already started lobbying to weaken the stand of Sheikh Mujib,
and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was heard saying that he wanted the Bengalis to stay away.
• The Awami League, in response to the postponement, launched a program of non-co-
operation (largely outlined in the 7 March Awami League rally) which was so successful
that the authority of the Pakistan government became limited to the cantonments and
government institutions in East Pakistan.
WHY OPERATION SEARCHLITE HAD
BEEN OCCURRED?
4. AIMS OF THE OPERATION SEARCHLIGHT
• Operation to be launched simultaneously all across East Pakistan.
• Maximum number of political and student leaders, and those among cultural organizations
and teaching staff to be arrested.
• Operation must achieve 100% success in Dhaka. Dhaka University would be occupied and
searched.
• Free and greater use of fire authorized for securing cantonments.
• All East Pakistani (Bengali) troops to be neutralized by seizing weapons and ammunition.
5. AFTERMATH OF OPERATION SEARCHLIGHT
• Operation searchlight had reflected in all over the world
• People all over the world knew about the genocide which is executed by West Pakistan .
• According to New York Times (3/28/71) 10,000 people were killed, New York Times (3/29/71)
5,000-7,000 people were killed in Dhaka , The Sydney Morning Herald (3/29/71) 10,000 – 100,000
were killed, New York Times (4/1/71) 35,000 were killed in Dhaka during operation searchlight.
• As the Pakistan army launched its genocide on 25 March 1971,Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
(Bangabandhu) declared Bangladesh's independence early on 26 March. He was arrested soon
afterward by the army and flown to West Pakistan, to be put on trial on charges of treason.
• After the declaration of independence , People of East Pakistan involved in Liberation War.
6. • In March–June, The Mukti Bahini became increasingly active. The Pakistani military
sought to quell them, but increasing numbers of Bengali soldiers defected to this
underground "Bangladesh army". These Bengali units slowly merged into the Mukti Bahini
and bolstered their weaponry with supplies from India.
• In June–September, Bangladesh was divided into Eleven sectors, each with a commander
chosen from defected officers of the Pakistani army who joined the Mukti Bahini to
conduct guerrilla operations and train fighters. Most of their training camps were situated
near the border area and were operated with assistance from India.
• In October–December, Bangladeshi conventional forces attacked border outposts.
Kamalpur, Belonia and the Battle of Boyra are a few examples.Guerrilla attacks
intensified, as did Pakistani and Razakar reprisals on civilian populations. Pakistani forces
were reinforced by eight battalions from West Pakistan.
DURING THE LIBERATION WAR
7. LIBERATION WAR RESULT
• On 16 December 1971, Lt. Gen Amir Abdullah khan Niazi ,CO of Pakistan Army
forces located in East Pakistan signed the Instrument of surrender. At the time of
surrender only a few countries had provided diplomatic recognition to the new
nation. Over 93,000 Pakistani troops surrendered to the Indian forces & Bangladesh
Liberation forces, making it the largest surrender since World War-II.
8. CONCLUSION AND IMPACT OF OPERATION
SEARCHLIGHT
• Thought there had many valid reason for want of independent of Bangladesh But if there
didn’t occur operation searchlight , then the scenario might be different.
• Genocide unleashed on Bengalis in East Pakistan on 25th March 1971 by West Pakistan
which toward to the liberation war and ultimately west Pakistan lose.
• So that we can say that operation searchlight helped to destroy Pakistan and create a newly
independent Bangladesh.
Operation
Searchlight
Liberation War
Occurred
Pakistan Divided