The global community has come to the conclusion that a nations educational system has a direct bearing on its level of economic prosperity. Education is the key to a nations success. It is unavoidable that an educated population will be found in a developed nation. The higher education system in India is the third largest in the world, after the systems found in the United States and China respectively. Since its independence, India, which is still considered a developing nation, has been making consistent advancements in the sphere of education. Even if there have been a lot of obstacles in the way of Indias higher education system, there are also a lot of potential to overcome these obstacles and make Indias higher education system much better. It requires more openness and responsibility from those responsible. It is of the utmost significance that fresh scientific study on how individuals learn, in addition to the function that educational institutions like colleges and universities will play in the new millennium. People in India who have a high level of education and relevant experience are what our economy needs to make progress. India is a source of people with a very high level of expertise for other countries. As a result, it will not be difficult at all for India to move our country from the category of developing nation to that of developed nation. This study intends to emphasise the increasing number of universities and colleges in accordance with the requirements of higher education, as well as problems and opportunities in Indias system of higher education. Dr. B. Vijaya | Mrs. Nivedita "Higher Education in India: An Analysis of Trends Challenges and Opportunities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57531.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/57531/higher-education-in-india-an-analysis-of-trends-challenges-and-opportunities/dr-b-vijaya
This study analyzes Indonesian and Malaysian universities in order to evaluate the reality of higher education in both countries, uncover the dynamics and causes influencing higher education, and disclose the similarities and contrasts between the Indonesian and Malaysian systems. Birdy's comparative descriptive method was used. This research relies on trustworthy global rating websites, statistics from the Indonesian and Malaysian Ministries of Higher Education, high-quality publications, and authoritative news. Indonesian higher education is largely entirely supported by the government and tuition fees at private universities. Due to a lack of collaboration between universities and industry groups, Indonesian higher education lacks a connection between scientific research, technical education, and the job market. Unlike Malaysia, it stresses scientific research, community service, and labor market demands. The researchers hypothesized the following processes based on the comparator countries: Adopting a productive university focused on output application via instruction and advice. Community-government and private-sector connections using research to enhance firm products collaboration with a firm or group to provide services that benefit them in exchange for participation in higher education goals, payment of expenditures, and use of outcomes. Through cooperative education, businesses and institutions may train and prepare university students for the job market.
Status of Higher Education in India: Achievement and Challengesijtsrd
Higher education is an important part of the era of science and technology. In modern world, it plays an important role to transform human beings into modern human resources. Immense increase in Higher education institutions is also a challenge to our government. In India, a number of the higher educational institutions are not well mapped out, maximum which are not providing the quality education. There are many drawbacks in our higher education system, as a result many problems are faced by the students as well as teachers and common people. Under certain circumstances it is seen that access and equity is a big challenge to the government. The paper highlights the attainments and challenges in higher education and tries to find out the problems in the light of some aspects. Dr. Nain Singh | Prem Pal"Status of Higher Education in India: Achievement and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5882.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/5882/status-of-higher-education-in-india-achievement-and-challenges/dr-nain-singh
Paper presentation made by Maddali Laxmi Swetha, MBA (HR)
Maddali Swetha Blog - http://maddaliswetha.blogspot.com/ https://in.linkedin.com/in/maddali-swetha-a0a424a6
https://twitter.com/maddali_swetha
E-Mail ID: maddali_swetha@yahoo.com
Thank You
Contemporary Issues and Challenges in the Indian Education SystemDr. Amarjeet Singh
Education is the root of each nation. A nation won't
have the capability to make due in the alert world, if its
guidance framework isn't fit for contributing for its
enhancement. Indian training framework is broadly criticized
in multi-measurements for its inability to make required
employability in its understudies as per the business
prerequisites and its failure to add to comprehensive
development in the country all in all. This paper deeds to
feature the issues and give a few answers for purpose them.
The study utilizes optional information from different
accessible sources. The analyst presumes that the issues in the
present training framework that are overwhelming the
development of this nation can be handled successfully if
helpful and submitted moves are made by the Government to
determine them.
FICCI- EY Report on Higher Education in India: Vision 2030 states that by 2030 Indian higher education system will emerge as a role model for high quality affordable educational system in the word. Higher education in India would not only address the socio-economic challenges by 2030, but will also be a leader in quality and excellence.
Quick summary at http://bit.ly/1cgI9v9
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Similar to Higher Education in India An Analysis of Trends Challenges and Opportunities
This study analyzes Indonesian and Malaysian universities in order to evaluate the reality of higher education in both countries, uncover the dynamics and causes influencing higher education, and disclose the similarities and contrasts between the Indonesian and Malaysian systems. Birdy's comparative descriptive method was used. This research relies on trustworthy global rating websites, statistics from the Indonesian and Malaysian Ministries of Higher Education, high-quality publications, and authoritative news. Indonesian higher education is largely entirely supported by the government and tuition fees at private universities. Due to a lack of collaboration between universities and industry groups, Indonesian higher education lacks a connection between scientific research, technical education, and the job market. Unlike Malaysia, it stresses scientific research, community service, and labor market demands. The researchers hypothesized the following processes based on the comparator countries: Adopting a productive university focused on output application via instruction and advice. Community-government and private-sector connections using research to enhance firm products collaboration with a firm or group to provide services that benefit them in exchange for participation in higher education goals, payment of expenditures, and use of outcomes. Through cooperative education, businesses and institutions may train and prepare university students for the job market.
Status of Higher Education in India: Achievement and Challengesijtsrd
Higher education is an important part of the era of science and technology. In modern world, it plays an important role to transform human beings into modern human resources. Immense increase in Higher education institutions is also a challenge to our government. In India, a number of the higher educational institutions are not well mapped out, maximum which are not providing the quality education. There are many drawbacks in our higher education system, as a result many problems are faced by the students as well as teachers and common people. Under certain circumstances it is seen that access and equity is a big challenge to the government. The paper highlights the attainments and challenges in higher education and tries to find out the problems in the light of some aspects. Dr. Nain Singh | Prem Pal"Status of Higher Education in India: Achievement and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5882.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/5882/status-of-higher-education-in-india-achievement-and-challenges/dr-nain-singh
Paper presentation made by Maddali Laxmi Swetha, MBA (HR)
Maddali Swetha Blog - http://maddaliswetha.blogspot.com/ https://in.linkedin.com/in/maddali-swetha-a0a424a6
https://twitter.com/maddali_swetha
E-Mail ID: maddali_swetha@yahoo.com
Thank You
Contemporary Issues and Challenges in the Indian Education SystemDr. Amarjeet Singh
Education is the root of each nation. A nation won't
have the capability to make due in the alert world, if its
guidance framework isn't fit for contributing for its
enhancement. Indian training framework is broadly criticized
in multi-measurements for its inability to make required
employability in its understudies as per the business
prerequisites and its failure to add to comprehensive
development in the country all in all. This paper deeds to
feature the issues and give a few answers for purpose them.
The study utilizes optional information from different
accessible sources. The analyst presumes that the issues in the
present training framework that are overwhelming the
development of this nation can be handled successfully if
helpful and submitted moves are made by the Government to
determine them.
FICCI- EY Report on Higher Education in India: Vision 2030 states that by 2030 Indian higher education system will emerge as a role model for high quality affordable educational system in the word. Higher education in India would not only address the socio-economic challenges by 2030, but will also be a leader in quality and excellence.
Quick summary at http://bit.ly/1cgI9v9
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
Similar to Higher Education in India An Analysis of Trends Challenges and Opportunities (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
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enough seats for 7 percent of India's college-age
population. 25 percent of teaching positions
nationwide are vacant, and 57 percent of college
professors lack either a master's or PhD degree
(Newsweek, 2011). As of 2011, there are 1522
degree-granting engineering colleges in India with an
annual student intake of 5,82,000 (Science and
Technology Education, 2009) plus 1,244 polytechnics
with an annual intake of 265,000. However, these
institutions face a shortage of faculty and concerns
have been raised over the quality ofeducation (Mitra,
2008).
Despite these challenges, India's higher education
system has a lot of opportunities to overcome them
and establish its identity at the international level.
However, it needs greater transparency and
accountability. The role of universities and colleges in
the new millennium and emerging scientific research
on how people learn are of the utmost importance.
India provides highly skilled people to other
countries. Therefore, it is very easy for India to
transfer our countryfrom a developing nation to a
developed nation.
In today’s competitive environment, better
performance and commitment to achieve a
competitive advantage (Gleich et al., 2008; Neely et
al., 1995) are essential for universities as places for
knowledge workers, knowledge direction, and
education. Higher education institutions gradually
transformed into institutions that are led by
competitive market stimulus, commercial and
economic necessities, and then they lost their
governmental identity (Clarke, 1997). Hence, in the
light of the above discussion, an attempt is made to
show the performance and current status of higher
education institutions in India with the growth of
student enrolment in various courses and the
opportunities and challenges in higher education.
II. About all India Survey on Higher
Education (AISHE)
An All India survey on higher education (AISHE) was
initiated in 2011 during which data for the year 2010–
11 was collected. The survey was utterly necessary as
none of the sources of data on higher education was
giving a complete picture of higher education in the
country. Also, there were many important parameters
on which data is required for policy making, but either
no data was available or incomplete data was
available. For the first time, all the major stakeholders
in higher education, such as university grants
commissions, all Indian Councils for Technical
Education, and the Medical Council of India, as well
as state governments, participated in the data
collection exercise. The entire survey was carried out
electronically, and a dedicated portal
http://aishe.gov.in was created for the purpose,
making the exercise completely paperless. The survey
covered all the institutions in the country engaged in
imparting higher education.
III. Growth of Higher Education Sector in
India
As higher education systems grow and diversify,
society is increasingly concerned aboutthe quality of
programmes, public assessments, and international
rankings of higher education institutions. However,
these comparisons tend to overemphasise research
by using research performance as a yardstick of
institutional value. If these processes fail to address
the quality of teaching, it is in part because measuring
teaching quality is challenging.
(Hernard, 2008).
India has always been a land of scholars and learners.
In ancient times, India was renowned for its
universities such as Taxila, Nalanda, and Vikramshila,
as well as its scholars. By independence, India had 20
universities and 500 colleges enrolling about 2,30,000
students. Since independence, India has progressed
significantly in terms of higher education statistics.
This number has increased to 1136 universities and
52627 colleges up to December 2019–20. The central
government and state governments are trying to
nurture talent by focusing on increasing the number
of universities and colleges for the expansion of
higher education. There is no doubt that much of the
progress achieved by India in education has come
from the private sector. In fact, the public sectorand
the private sector are not in opposition to each other
but are working simultaneously in the Indian
education sphere. The UGC is the main governing
body that enforces the standards, advises the
government and helps coordinate between the centre
and states. The number of universities has grownto
1136 in 2019–20 from 659 in 2011–12, and the
number of colleges has increased from 33023 in
2011–12 to 52627 in 2019–20.
IV. Objectives of the study
To know the increasing rate of universities and
colleges in India to meet the demand for higher
education
To study the challenges of higher education in
India.
To know the opportunities for higher education in
India.
V. Methodology:
The proposed study is a desk research effort based
on secondary data sourcedfrom journals, the Internet,
articles, previous research papers, reference research,
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and documentation and information services. And the
period of study is from 2013 to 2019.
VI. Review of Literature
Avkiran (2008) applied DEA to analyse the relative
efficiency of the premise of three performance
models, namely overall performance, fee-paying
enrolments, and performance on a delevary of
educational service. It had been discovered that
although the university sector performed well on
technical and scale efficiency, there was still a scope
for improvement in performance on the fee- paying
enrolments scenario.
Abbot and Doucouliagos (2003) used Dea to estimate
technical and scale efficiency and ascertained that, in
spite of the combination of input and output, the
efficiency level of Australian universities was
exceptionally high relative to each other.
In their study about quality management in Turkish
higher education institutions, Eryylmaz, M.E., Kara,
E., Aydodan, E., Bektap, O., and Erdu, D.A. (2016),
revealed the importance of quality certifications in the
education industry. As per the study, providing
standardization, prestige, publicity, and recognition of
the faculty, increased service quality for all
stakeholders, and improvement in processes were the
major benefits of the certification.
Abramo et al. (2011) measured the technical
efficiency and allocative efficiency of Italian
universities' research activity by applying the DEA
methodology. He considered university research staff
as input and the impact of their research products as
output.
By using the DEA method, Li(2011) analysed the
output efficiency and scale efficiency deficiency of
human resources and also mentioned the improvement
direction. It was observed that most universities had
low technical efficiencybased on input-output criteria.
Kuah and Wong (2011) used a variant of DEA, called
joint DEA maximization, for performance evaluation.
calculated technical, pure technical, and scale
efficiencies and identified the reference sets for
inefficient departments.
VII. Data Analysis and Interpretation
The following table shows the number of Universities and Colleges year wise.
Table 1: Number of Universities and Colleges in India
Year No. of Universities Y-O-Y Growth No.of colleges Y-O-Y Growth
2013-14 723 ……….. 36634 ………….
2014-15 760 5.12% 38498 5.09%
2015-16 799 5.13% 39071 1.49%
2016-17 864 8.14% 40026 2.44%
2017-18 903 4.15% 39050 -2.44%
2018-19 993 9.96% 39931 2.26%
2019-20 1136 14.40% 52627 31.79%
(Source: AISHE reports 2019-20)
Table 1 depicts the year-wise number of higher education institutions (universities and colleges) in India. It is
observed from the table that there were 723 universities in the year 2013-14, 760 universities in the year 2014-
15, and 799,864,903993, 1136 in the years 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019-20, respectively.
Likewise, the number of colleges is also increasing year over year, but in 2017-18 it is noticed that there is a
decrease in the number of colleges due to the deletion of all such colleges that have not registered even after
getting the AISHE code.
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Table 2: level wise enrolment of students
Ph.D PG UG
Year Nos Y-O-Y Nos Y-O-Y Nos Y-O-Y
2013-14 107890 382219 25500325
2014-15 117301 8.72% 3853438 0.82% 27172346 6.56%
2015-16 126451 7.80% 3917156 1.65% 27420450 0.91%
2016-17 141037 11.53% 4007570 2.31% 28348197 3.38%
2017-18 161412 14.53% 4114310 2.66% 29016350 2.36%
2018-19 169170 4.80% 4042000 -1.76 29829075 2.80%
Year PG Diploma Diploma Certificate Integrated
Year Nos Y-O-Y Nos Y-O-Y Nos Y-O-Y Nos Y-O-Y
2013-14 276502 2285576 187340 125002
2014-15 215372 -22.11% 2507694 9.72% 170245 -9.13% 141870 13.49%
2015-16 229559 6.59% 2549160 1.65% 144060 15.38% 155422 9.55%
2016-17 213051 -7.19% 2612209 2.47% 166617 15.66% 173957 11.93%
2017-18 235263 10.43% 2707934 3.66% 177223 6.37% 195777 12.54%
2018-19 224000 -4.79% 2699000 -0.33% 162000 -8.58 274143 40.03%
(Source: AISHE reports)
Table 2 Depicts year wise enrolment of students in
different courses. It is observed from the table that
there is a variation in the number of students
enrolling for different courses. Out of total
enrolments in different year, it is observed that in the
year 2018-19 there were 1,69,170 students who were
enrolled for Ph.D. programme, 40,42,000 students
enrolled for post-graduation, 2,98,29,075 students
enrolled for graduation, 2,42,000 students enrolled for
post-graduation in diploma , 26,99000 students
enrolled for Diploma course, 1,62,000 students for
certificate courseand 2,74,143 students enrolled for
integrated course. In total it is observed that there are
more number of students who are enrolling for
graduation course in comparison with all other
courses.
It was our 75th
year of independence and still our
education system has not been developed fully. We
are not able to list a single university in the top 100
universities in the world. Various governments
changed during these seven decades. They tried to
boost the education system and implement various
education policies, but they were not sufficient to set
an example for the universe. UGC is continuously
working and focusing on quality education in the
higher education sector. Still, we are facing a lot of
problems and challenges in our education system.
Some of the basic challenges in the higher education
system in India are discussed below:
Enrolment: The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
of India in higher education is only 3%, whichis
quite low as compared to the developed as well as
other developing countries. With the increase in
enrolments at school level, the supply of higher
education institutes is insufficient to meet the
growing demand in the country.
Equity: There is no equity in GER among
different sectors of society. According to previous
studies, the GER in higher education in India
among males and females varies to a greater
extent. There are regional variations too. Some
states have high GER while some are quite behind
the national GER, which reflects significant
imbalances within higher education.
Quality: Quality in higher education is multi-
dimensional, multi-level, and dynamic. Ensuring
quality in higher education is amongst the
foremost challenges being faced in India today.
However, the government is continuously
focusing on quality education. There are stilla
large number of colleges and universities in India
that are unable to meet the minimum
requirements laid down by the UGC and our
universities are not in a position to take their
place among the top universities in the world.
Poor infrastructure is another challenge to the
higher education system of India, particularlythe
institutes run by the public sector, which suffer
from poor physical facilities. There are a large
number of colleges which are functioning on the
second or third floor of the building. On the
ground or first floor, there are ready-made
hosieries or photocopy shops.
Political interference: The majority of
educational institutions are owned by political
leaders who hold key positions in the
government's governing bodies. Students
organise campaigns, forget their own objectives
and begin to develop their careers in politics.
Faculty: Faculty shortages and the inability of
the state educational system to attract and retain
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57531 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 1010
well-qualified teachers have been posing
challenges to quality education for many years.
Large numbers of NET/PhD candidates are
unemployed, even though there are a lot of
When there are vacancies in higher education,
these deserving candidates then apply in other
departments, which is the biggest blow to the
higher education system.
As per the data provided by the NAAC, as of June
2010, "not even 25% of the total higher education
institutions in the country were accredited. And
among those accredited, only 30% of the
universities and 45% of the colleges were found
to be of sufficient quality to be ranked at the "A"
level."
Research and Innovation: There are very few
scholars in our country whose writing is cited by
famous western authors. There is an inadequate
focus on research in higher education institutes.
There are insufficient resources and facilities, as
well as a limited number of quality faculty
members to advise students. Most of the research
scholars are without fellowships or are not getting
their fellowships on time, which directly or
indirectly affects their Moreover, Indian higher
education institutions are poorly connected to
research centers. So, this is another area of
challenge for higher education in India.
Structure of higher education: The management
of Indian education faces challenges of over-
centralisation, bureaucratic structures, lack of
accountability, transparency, and As a result of
the increase in the number of affiliated colleges
and students, the burden of administrative
functions of universities has significantly
increased and the core focus on academics and
research has been diluted (Kumar, 2015).
VIII. Challenges in Higher Education in India
It was our 75th
year of independence and still our
education system has not been developed fully. We
are not able to list a single university in the top 100
universities in the world. Various governments
changed during these seven decades. They tried to
boost the education system and implement various
education policies, but they were not sufficient to set
an example for the universe. UGC is continuously
working and focusing on quality education in the
higher education sector. Still, we are facing a lot of
problems and challenges in our education system.
Some of the basic challenges in the higher education
system in India are discussed below:
Enrolment: The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
of India in higher education is only 3%, whichis
quite low as compared to the developed as well as
other developing countries. With the increase in
enrolments at school level, the supply of higher
education institutes is insufficient to meet the
growing demand in the country.
Equity: There is no equity in GER among
different sectors of society. According to previous
studies, the GER in higher education in India
among males and females varies to a greater
extent. There are regional variations too. Some
states have high GER while some are quite
behind the national GER, which reflects
significant imbalances within higher education.
Quality: Quality in higher education is multi-
dimensional, multi-level, and dynamic. Ensuring
quality in higher education is amongst the
foremost challenges being faced in India today.
However, the government is continuously
focusing on quality education. There are stilla
large number of colleges and universities in India
that are unable to meet the minimum
requirements laid down by the UGC and our
universities are not in a position to take their
place among the top universities in the world.
Poor infrastructure is another challenge to the
higher education system of India, particularlythe
institutes run by the public sector, which suffer
from poor physical facilities. There are a large
number of colleges which are functioning on the
second or third floor of the building. On the
ground or first floor, there are ready-made
hosieries or photocopy shops.
Political interference: The majority of
educational institutions are owned by political
leaders who hold key positions in the
government's governing bodies.Students
organise campaigns, forget their own objectives
and begin to develop their careers in politics.
Faculty: Faculty shortages and the inability of
the state educational system to attract and retain
well-qualified teachers have been posing
challenges to quality education for many years.
Large numbers of NET/PhD candidates are
unemployed, even though there are a lot of
When there are vacancies in higher education,
these deserving candidates then apply in other
departments, which is the biggest blow to the
higher education system.
As per the data provided by the NAAC, as of June
2010, "not even 25% of the total higher education
institutions in the country were accredited. And
among those accredited, only 30% of the
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57531 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 1011
universities and 45% of the colleges were found
to be of sufficient quality to be ranked at the "A"
level."
Research and Innovation: There are very few
scholars in our country whose writing is cited by
famous western authors. There is an inadequate
focus on research in higher education institutes.
There are insufficient resources and facilities, as
well as a limited number of quality faculty
members to advise students. Most of the research
scholars are without fellowships or are not getting
their fellowships on time, which directly or
indirectly affects their Moreover, Indian higher
education institutions are poorly connected to
research centers. So, this is another area of
challenge for higher education in India.
Structure of higher education: The management
of Indian education faces challenges of over-
centralisation, bureaucratic structures, lack of
accountability, transparency, and As a result of
the increase in the number of affiliated colleges
and students, the burden of administrative
functions of universities has significantly
increased and the core focus on academics and
research has been diluted (Kumar, 2015).
IX. Opportunities in Higher Education
India is a large country, with an estimated population
of young people aged between 18 and 23 years of
around 150 million. The sheer size of the market
offers huge opportunities for the development of the
higher education sector in India. India now boasts of
having more than 52627 colleges and 1136
universities, which has been quite a remarkable
growth during the last seven decades. The year 2020
witnessed 31.9 million enrollments, which makes
India the 3rd largest educational system in the world.
Unfortunately, the educational infrastructure of India
is inadequate to handle such huge volumes. In spite of
all the government spending in the educational sector,
it is just too insufficient to meet the growing
requirements. Therefore, the higher education sector
has now been identified as one of the most promising
areas for private and foreign investments. It offers
immense investment opportunities in both non-
regulated and regulated segments.(AISHE 2020
Reports).
The Indian higher education system is growing very
fast irrespective of various challenges, but thereis no
reason that these challenges cannot be overcome. With
the help of new-age learning tools, it is easy for a
country like India to overcome these problems and
bring a paradigm shift in the country’s higher
education sector. The possibilities are endless in such
a vibrant country with a huge population properly
educated. If knowledge is imparted using advanced
digital teaching and learning tools, and society is
made aware of where we are currentlylagging behind,
our country can easily emerge as one of the most
developed nations in the world.
There are opportunities for strategic engagement and
capacity building in higher education leadership and
management at the state level. There are opportunities
for India to collaborate at the national and
international level on areas of systemic reform,
including quality.
assurance, international credit recognition, and a
unified national qualifications framework. Equalityof
educational opportunity in higher education is
considered essential because higher education is a
powerful tool for reducing or eliminating income and
wealth disparities. The idea of equalising educational
opportunities also lies in the fact that "the ability to
profit from higher education is spread among all
classes of people. There are great reserves of untapped
ability in society; if offered the chance, they can rise
to the top. A great deal of talent at the highest level is,
in fact, lost by an inegalitarian system of education
"(Balachander, 1986).
The need to enhance the employability of graduates is
presenting entry points for collaboration in enterprise
education and entrepreneurship, links with industry,
research skills, and a wide range of transferable skills,
including English. The emerging interest in Indian
higher education institutions in the vocational skills
market provides areas for potential engagement with
international partners. Thereis a need to build stronger
relationships and increase mutual understanding in
higher education by increasing support and
participation in platforms (conferences, workshops,
seminars) that enable debate and dialogue with other
countries of the world. (British Council, 2014).
X. The Findings of the study are as follows:
It is found from the study that there is an increase in
the number of universities and colleges tomeet the
requirements of higher education in India.
It is found from the study that, though Indian
education institutions are increasing, they arestill
lacking in comparison with developed countries.
It is observed in the study that Indian higher
education institutions lack faculty and suffer from
political instability.
It is found from the study that with proper
facilities and opportunities, Indian higher
education can try to be one of the developed
countries in higher education.
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD57531 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 3 | May-June 2023 Page 1012
XI. The Suggestions Improving the System of
Higher Education are as follows:
There is a need to implement an innovative and
transformational approach from primary tohigher
education level to make the Indian educational
system globally more relevant and--
Higher educational institutes need to improve
quality.
There should be a good infrastructure of colleges
and universities that may attract the
The government must promote collaboration
between Indian higher education institutes andtop
international institutes and also generate linkages
between national research laboratories and
research centres of top institutions for better
quality and collaboration.
There is a need to focus on graduate students by
providing them with courses in which theycan
achieve excellence, gain deeper knowledge of
subjects, so that they will get jobs after
recruitment in companies, which would reduce
the unnecessary rush to the higher education.
Universities and colleges, both publicand private,
must be politically neutral.
Favoritism and the money-making process should
be out of the education system.
There should be a multidisciplinary approach in
higher education so that students' knowledgemay
not be restricted only to their own.
XII. Conclusion
Education is a process by which a person’s body,
mind, and character are formed and strengthened. It
is the bringing of head, heart, and mind together,
thus enabling a person to develop an all-round
personality, identifying the best in him or her. Higher
education in India has expanded very rapidly in the
last seven decades after independence, yet it is not
equally accessible to all. India is today one of the
fastest developing countries in the world, with an
annual growth rate going above 9%. Still, a large
section of the population remains illiterate, and a large
number of children do not get even primary
education. This has not only excluded a large
section of thepopulation from contributing fully to
the development of the country, but it has also
prevented them from utilizing the benefits of whatever
development has taken place for the benefit of the
people. No doubt, India is facing various challenges in
higher education, but to tackle these challenges and
boost higher education is of utmost importance. India
is a country with huge human resource potential. How
to utilize this potential properly is the issue that needs
to be discussed. Opportunities are available, buthow to
get the benefits from these opportunities and how to
make them accessible to others is a matterof concern.
In order to sustain that rate of growth, there is a need
to increase the number of institutes and also the
quality of higher education in India. To meet and
exceed future expectations, there is an urgent need to
reconsider financial resources, access and equity,
quality standards, relevance, infrastructure, and,
finally, responsiveness.
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