The document discusses key topics around urbanization including: - The rapid growth of urban areas and rise of megacities with populations over 10 million people. - How industrialization drove urban expansion and the rise of "shock cities" experiencing rapid growth. - The formation of hierarchical urban systems and the concept of primate cities, world cities, and gateway cities that served as hubs for trade. - Contemporary issues with urbanization including overcrowded slums, high rates of urbanization in the developing world, and the process of deindustrialization and suburbanization in post-industrial cities.

1. Chapter 10 Lecture
Human Geography: Places and
Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition
Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta
Urbanization

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• Primacy & centrality
• Overurbanization
• Megacities
• Deindustrialization
Figure: Chapter 10 Opener Busy streets of Bamako, Mali, West Africa
Key Concepts
• Urbanization
• Urban expansion
• Gateway & shock cities
• Central place theory

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Apply your knowledge: Provide examples of how the
transformative capacity of urban settlements can be
liberating for some people.
Urbanization
• Doubling time
• Towns & cities role in human economic and
social organization
– Mobilizing function
– Decision-making capacity
– Generative functions
– Transformative capacity

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Figure 10.1 Urbanization, 2009
Urbanization, (cont'd)

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Figure 10.2 Rates of growth in urbanization, 2000–2010
Urbanization, (cont'd)

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• Urbanism
• Urban origins
Urbanization, (cont'd)
• Concerned with
the similarities &
differences among
& within urban
places
• Urban system
• Urban form
• Urban ecology
Figure 10.3 Erbil in northeast Iraq

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Figure 10.B Vienna: the coffee house was the
classic setting in the golden age
Figure 10.A The buzz factor: meatpacking
district of Manhattan
Cities and Civilization

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European Urban Expansion
• Feudalism
• Towns depended on
role
– Ecclesiastical or
university center
– Defensive stronghold
– Administrative
centers
• Gateway cities
Figure 10.5 Chartres, France

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European Urban Expansion, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: List probable gateway cities
along the Atlantic seaboard of North America. What were
their principle imports and exports?
Figure 10.6b The 13th
C strategic center
of Urbino, Italy
Figure 10.6a The walled medieval town
of Aigues-Mortes, France

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European Urban Expansion, (cont'd)
Figure 10.8 The towns and cities of Europe, ca. 1350

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Gateway cities in the Evolving World-
System Periphery
Figure 10.9 Gateway cities in the evolving
world-system periphery

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Industrialization and Urbanization
• Transport networks
• Shock city
Figure 10.10 The Burgundy canal in France
Figure 10.14 The urbanization process in
the world's core regions

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Figure 10.12 Manchester, England: The "shock city" of the 19th
C
Industrialization and Urbanization, (cont'd)

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Industrialization and Urbanization, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: How have the transportation
technologies affected the history of the town or city in
which you live?
Figure 10.13 Growth of Chicago

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[Insert Figure 10.15]
Colonial Cities
• European
imperialism
• "Established" or
planted
• Colonial functions
grafted onto an
existing
settlement Figure 10.15 Mumbai, an example of colonial
architecture and urban design

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Urban Systems
• Central place
theory
• Rank-size rule
• Primacy
• Centrality
• Connectivity
• World cities
Figure 10.17 Functional specialization within an urban system

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Figure 10.16 The Spanish urban system
Urban Systems, (cont'd)

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Figure 10.18 Examples of urban centrality
Urban Systems, (cont'd)

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Urban Systems, (cont'd)
Figure 10.19 The "square mile" of
the city of London
Table 10.1 Alpha-level world cities in 2088

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The World City Network
Figure 10.D Top 25 cities in the global cities index 2010

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[Insert Figure 10.23]
World Urbanization Today
• Overurbanization
• Squatter settlements
• Megacities
• Informal sector
Apply your knowledge: List the differences between
megacities and world cities
Figure 10.20 Slum housing in Nairobi, Kenya,
a peripheral city

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World Urbanization Today, (cont'd)
Figure 10.24 Child labor
in India

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[Insert Figure 10.26][Insert Figure 10.25]
World Urbanization Today, (cont'd)
Figure 10.22 Mexico City
Figure 10.23 Mumbai

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The Core: Mature Metropolises
• Deindustrialization
• Agglomeration
Diseconomics
• Decentralization of
jobs and people
• Counterurbanization
• Reurbanization
Apply your knowledge:Identify a town or city that has
experienced counterurbanization or reurbanization over the
last 10 years. Provide reasons for this occurrence.

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The Pearl River Delta
Figure 10.E An extended
metropolitan region
Figure 10.G Guangzhou, China
Figure 10.F City of Hong Kong

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Future Geographies

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End of Chapter 10