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2. Heredity and variations
1. Heredity terminology
2. Traits and types
3. Where are traits present
4. Variations “how it happens”

3. Heredity?
paternal
maternal
offspring
50% 50%

4. Examples for transmitted characters
Hair pattern
Hair colour
Skin
pigmentation
offspring

5. Traits
I A
N C
H Q
E U
R I
I R
T E
D

6. Traits
Inherit traits:
That give us a physical
appearances.
Examples:
Skin pigmentation
Hair colour
Hair shape
ear lobe
Height
Acquired traits :
What you achieve or
attain in life. Dying hair,
piercing of ears, nose,
body-building.

7. INHERIT TRAITS
characters Dominant Recessive
Skin pigmentation Dark Blonde/ fair
Ear lobe free attached
Hair shape Curly Straight
Eye colour Brown Blue
Hair colour Black Blonde
Height Tall Dwarf

8. Where are these traits existing
cell
nucleus
chromatin
Chromosome structure
centromere

9. Characters/traits/genes “unit of
heredity” are encoded in DNA.
Double helical DNA
(deoxy ribonucleic acid)
Hydrogen bond
joining base pairs
A = T
G ≡ C

10. Hair colour
Height
Skin pigmentation

11. Why offspring's are not a copy of their
parents?
46 46
23 23
Diploid parent cells
Chromosome 23*2 = 46 in human beings
Haploid parent cells chromosomes 23 from each
MEIOSIS

12. Sperm cell
Nucleus with 23
chromosomes
Ovum cell
nucleus have 23
chromosomes
23 23
zygote
23+23 = 46
Germ cells

13. offspring

14. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING
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