Hemp was first domesticated around 12,000 BC in Asia and was introduced to America in the 1600s. Despite long-term legal issues, feral hemp exists across the United States and New York State. There are three main species of hemp - Cannabis sativa L. (hemp), Cannabis indica (marijuana), and Cannabis ruderalis. Hemp refers specifically to varieties containing less than 0.3% THC and is grown for fiber, hurds, seed, and CBD. Hemp has a wide variety of uses including textiles, construction materials, nutrition, and phytoremediation.

1. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HEMP
BIOLOGICAL

2. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
1600 AD
1600 AD
1600 AD
HEMP DOMESTICATION AND HISTORIC SPREAD
Hemp was first domesticated around 12,000
B.C. In Asia. It didn’t make its way into
America until the 1600s with American colo-
nists.
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Estab-
lishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4

3. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
FERAL HEMP IN THE US
Despite longterm legality issues in America,
feral hemp exists across the country.
“Hemp/Marijuana (Sativa): Cannabis sativa L.”
EDD Maps. https://www.eddmaps.org/species/
subject.cfm?sub=5259
MEDIUM DENSITY
LOW DENSITY
HIGH DENSITY
VERY HIGH DENSITY

4. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
FERAL HEMP IN NEW YORK STATE
Despite longterm legality issues in New York
State, feral hemp exists across the state.
“Hemp/Marijuana (Sativa): Cannabis sativa L.”
EDD Maps. https://www.eddmaps.org/species/
subject.cfm?sub=5259
FERAL HEMP PRESENCE

5. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
Plantae
Tracheobionta
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Hamamelididae Rosidae Dilleniidae
Urticales Linales
Cannabaceae Linaceae
Cannabis L. Linum L.
(Hemp)
Cannabis sativa L. Cannabis ruderalis
Cannabis sativa L.
ssp. indica (Lam.) E.
Small & Cronquist
Cannabis sativa L.
ssp. sativa
(marijuana) (marijuana)
(Flax)
(Kenaf)
Malvales
Malvaceae
Hibiscus L.
Hibiscus cannabinus L.
(Jute)
Tiliaceae
Corchorus L.
Corchorus aestuans L.
Kingdom
Subkingdom
Superdivision Spermatophyta
Division
Class
Subclass
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Subspecies
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF HEMP
• There are three species of the
hemp plant: Cannabis sativa L.,
Cannabis indica and Cannabis rud-
eralis. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannab-
inol (THC), the active ingredient of
marijuana, is the main difference
between the different species.

6. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
THREE SPECIES OF HEMP PLANT
• Cannabis sativa L. a subspecies of Cannabis, is known
as hemp. Varieties have a THC content of less than 0.3%.
Hemp is a non-psychoactive form of cannabis. Cannabis
sativa L. is generally tall and randomly branched, high
in fibre and grain. It is low in THC. Many fibre and grain
products and industrial uses have been made from Can-
nabis sativa L. (hemp).
• Cannabis indica has poor fibre quality and is used to
make drugs for recreation and medicine. The plant is
relatively short, conical and densely branched. Cannabis
indica tend to have a higher Δ9-THC and a lower Canna-
bidiol (CBD) content than C. sativa L. Marijuana, depen-
dent on the strain, can have THC concentrations of 18%
to 38%.
• C. sativa L. and C. indica varieties are sensitive to day
length to induce flowering (photoperiod sensitive).
• Cannabis ruderalis is not common in North Ameri-
ca. Cannabis ruderalis will produce flowers based on its
age rather than the light cycle (photoperiod). This kind of
flowering is also known as auto flowering.
• Industrial hemp is made up of varieties of Cannabis
sativa L. that contain less than 0.3% Δ9- Tetrahydrocan-
nabinol (THC).

7. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HEMP PLANT

8. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
GENETICS: PHYLOS GALAXY EXAMPLE
Digital Libraries and Verification of Genetics
Example
Phylos Galaxy
Basis for Breeding Hemp in the Modern Era
Hemp Genetics Details Not Publicly Available
Possible Expansion of Future Genetic Resources?
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Estab-
lishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4
Phylos Galaxy. Phylos. 2019. Accessed November
16, 2019. www.phylos.bio
SKUNK
BERRY
CBD
HEMP
LANDRACE

9. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
BIOCHEMISTRY: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEMP AND MARIJUANA
The difference depends on a mutation in THCA or
CBDA
A deletion of CBDA causes non-functioning cbda
synthase creates THC/marijuana
A deletion of THCA causes non-functioning thca
synthase create CBD/hemp
Knowing these biological markers is key to breed-
ing hemp plants for industrial use as amounts
over 0.3% THC will lead to the crop being de-
stroyed.
Effects of CBC unknown and part of on-going re-
search.
*Industrial Hemp: CBD, rather than THC, produc-
ing varieties are used, but its production is not
promoted both genetically and environmentally as
it is harvested before flower growth.
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Estab-
lishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4
Marijuana
CBD and Industrial Hemp*
Unknown

10. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HEMP: DIOECIOUS, MONOECIOUS, AND THE PREFERENCE OF FEMALE ONLY CROPS
Biology
Dioecious - a plant is either male or female
Monoecious - both male and female on grain
heads
Female - unpollinated, for CBD/THC
Translates to difficulty in getting seed for hemp
crop as manually separating male and female re-
quired for the production of marijuana and CBD.
Hemp for CBD
Ethylene promotes femininity in hemp
Inhibitors can be used to produce male flowers on
female plants
Produces pollen with only X chromosomes
All XX seed (aka feminized seed, typically for CBD)
Intense process leads to $1/seed price
Consequences for Industrial Hemp
Hemp for industrial use, using both male and fe-
male plants, must not be near hemp for CBD as
cross-pollination could disrupt the more lucrative
production of CBD.
A) FEMALE
B) MALE
C) MONOECIOUS
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Estab-
lishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4
“Plant Reproductive Morphology.” Accessed De-
cember, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_
reproductive_morphology

11. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
PHYTOREMEDIATION
1998 Ukraine Study
Used to remove contaminants near Chernobyl
Identifying Genes for Phytoremediation
High accumulation of Cu, Cd, and Ni in hemp
leaves
GSR and PLDa Genes involved in heavy metals
stress tolerance and protect plant cells against
oxidative damage
More experiments required
Phytoremediation and Processed Hemp
Hemp has been shown to have excellent phy-
toremediation properties. There is no evidence
that its phytoremediation characteristics exist in
processed, industrial hemp. It is, however, may be
useful for cleaning up polluted and toxic areas for
construction.
Ahmad, Rafiq, Zara Tehsin, Samina Tanvir Ma-
lik, Saeed Ahmad Asad, Muhammad Shahzad,
Muhammad Bilal, Mohammad Maroof Shah, and
Sabaz Ali Khan. 2016. “Phytoremediation Poten-
tial of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.): Identification
and Characterization of Heavy Metals Responsive
Genes.” CLEAN: Soil, Air, Water 44 (2): 195–201.
doi:10.1002/clen.201500117.
“Phytoremediation: The Future of Environmental
Remediation.”DebatingScience.UniversityofMas-
sachusetts, Amherst. Decemeber 7, 2013. https://
blogs.umass.edu/natsci397a-eross/phytoremedi-
ation-the-future-of-environmental-remediation/

12. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
Estimated Chemical and Physical Qualities of U.S. Fiber and Biomass Crops
Hurd
70-80% of the stalk
Typically contains 20-30% Lignin
Useful in construction
Conclusion
Hemp is competitive with flax for seed and texi-
tles. It also has additional beneficial properties for
construction that allow for its application in Hemp-
crete.
“Hemp Production eGuide: Types of Hemp Fibre.”
Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance. 2019. http://www.
hemptrade.ca/eguide/fibre-production/types-of-
hemp-fibre
Smith-Heisters, Skaidra. “Illegally Green: En-
vironmental Costs of Hemp Prohibition.” Rea-
son Foundation. March 2008.ahttps://reason.org/
wp-content/uploads/files/1030ae0323a3140e-
cf531bd473632b57.pdf

13. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HEMP FIBER
• Hemp fiber grows on the outer portion of the
hemp stalk and forms part of the fibres referred
to as ‘bast fibres’. This fibre provides strength to
the plant and runs the entire length of the plant.
Preference for its use in different applications
arises from its excellent physical properties such
as strength and modulus, cost effectiveness and
increasing availability.
• Bast fibres are soft, woody fibres obtained
from stems of dicotyledonous plants (flowering
plants with net-veined leaves). Such fibres, usu-
ally characterized by fineness and flexibility, are
also known as ‘soft’ fibres, distinguishing them
from the coarser, less flexible fibres of the leaf,
or ‘hard’, fibre group.
• Bast fibers from flax, hemp, jute, ramie, kenaf
and abaca are used in different areas of applica-
tion.

14. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
BAST FIBER AND STEEL STRENGTH
• The tensile strength of the sin-
gle hemp fibre is in the range of
340–527MPa, within the range of
values reported in the literature
for single hemp fibre [17]. The fi-
bres exhibit very high standard de-
viations owing to the high number
of flaws and other variables relat-
ed to their growth and processing.

15. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
Tensilestrength(ksi)
10
20
50
100
200
Flax fiber
Hemp fiber
Kenaf fiber
Jute fiber
Silk (Silkworm silk) fiber
Cotton fiber
Wool fiber
CES CHART OF TENSILE STRENGTH
COMPARING TENSILE STRENGTH BETWEEN NATURAL FIBER AND CARBON STEEL
LOW CARBON STEEL
MEDIUM AND HIGH CARBON STEEL
NATURAL FIBER

16. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
Tensilestrength(ksi)
10
20
50
100
200
Wool fiber
Flax fiber
Hemp fiber
Kenaf fiber
Silk (Silkworm silk) fiber
Cotton fiber
Jute fiber
CES CHART OF TENSILE STRENGTH
COMPARING TENSILE STRENGTH BETWEEN NATURAL FIBER AND LOW CARBON STEEL
LOW CARBON STEEL
NATURAL FIBER

17. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
COMPARISON ON STEM LEVEL
HEMP AND FLAX

18. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
COMPARISON ON SINGLE FIBER LEVEL
• Flax and hemp, although botanically unrelat-
ed, have many characteristics in common. Without
microscopic or chemical examination, their fibers
can only be distinguished by the direction in which
the they twist upon wetting: hemp will rotate coun-
terclockwise; flax, clockwise. Flax is a dual usage
crop, with linen varieties grown for their stem fiber.
• Hemp fiber bundles are longer than those of
flax, but flax fiber generally contains less lignin
and is therefore more flexible and makes a finer
fabric. The characteristics of these two fibers over-
lap and the best hemp can be superior to flax for
fine fabric.
• The commercial hemp fiber ranges from 40 to
80 inches in length. The individual cellular fibers,
which are organized in bundles to make the long,
macroscopic fiber, vary from 0.19 to 2.16 inch in
length and from 16 to 50 microns in diameter. Flax
fiber length ranges from 6 to 40 inches, the cells
from 0.43 to 1.49 inch in length and 11 to 20 micron
in diameter.
HEMP AND FLAX

19. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HEMP FIBER UNDER MICROSCALE
• Microstructure Hemp fibres are multicellular, like
other bast fibres. They are situated in the cortex tis-
sue of the stem, and encircle the core cambium and
xylem layer. In the cortex, single fibres made up of
phloem or parenchyma cells of 20–50mm in length
are held together through their middle lamella to
form fibre bundles situated parallel to the longitudi-
nal axis of the stem [3,24]. The fibres are reported to
be made up of primary and secondary single fibres
and usually take a pericyclic form as shown in Fig.
4.5. The primary fibres are formed during the early
growth stage and are reported to be large; about 20
mm long and have cell wall thickness of 7–13 mm.
The secondary fibres are smaller in dimension; about
2mm long and have cell wall thickness of 3–6 mm
[3,25]. A single hemp fibre consists of cell walls which
gradually build-up during plant development.

20. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
BAST HURDS
• Hemp hurds are able to store a great deal of moisture because of their porous structure; the moisture is adsorbed onto the
large internal surface area of the plant fibres and absorbed into the cellular structure. This storage capacity is very helpful in al-
lowing the material to take on moisture when it exists and to release it when conditions allow. A study performed in France found
that up to 596 kilograms (1314 pounds) of water vapor could be stored in 1 cubic metre (35.3 cubic feet) of hempcrete, providing
storage capacity for a sustained elevated relative humidity of 93 percent without overwhelming the capacity of the material to ab-
sorb moisture.

21. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEMP PLANTS
Hemp Bred and Grown for Various Purposes
A) Hemp for CBD
Bush-Like
Promotes Flowering
Hemp for Calming Effects
B) Hemp for Bast Fiber
Uses Fiber Variety Seed
High Density of Seeding
Results in High Bast Fiber Quality
Hemp for Construction (Insulation)
C) Hemp for Microgreens
Grown in a Greenhouse
High in Linoleic Acid
Speciality, High Nutritional Value
D) Mixed Purpose, Greenhouse
Research, Multi-Use
E) Hemp for Seed
Uses Seed Variety
Hemp for Nutrition
F) Hemp for Hurds
Uses Fiber Variety Seed
Low Density Seeding
Tall, Branching with Thick Stem
High Proportion Short Bast
Hemp for Construction (Hempcrete)
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Estab-
lishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4
Smith-Heisters, Skaidra. “Illegally Green: En-
vironmental Costs of Hemp Prohibition.” Rea-
son Foundation. March 2008.ahttps://reason.org/
wp-content/uploads/files/1030ae0323a3140e-
cf531bd473632b57.pdf
C)
F)
B)
E)
D)
A)

22. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HEMP GROWTH RATE
Timetable
Around 100 days for industrial hemp
After Germination
4-5 inches for 3 weeks
7 Weeks [After Germination]
5-6 feet
Hemp Growth Requirements
Intolerant of poorly draining soil/flooding
Nitrogen-demanding crop
Dicots (hemp, soybeans) more difficult to estab-
lish than corn or wheat
“The seedling must pull the cotyledon seed leaves
through the ground to emerge.”
Crop Rotation
“The deep roots of hemp can access nutrients that
some other crops can’t access.”
Wheat may benefit from hemp crop rotation
Beckerman, Janna, Ronald Turco, Kevin Gibson
and Leah Sandler. “General agronomic recom-
mendations for the main harvestable componets of
industrial hemp.” The Indiana Hemp Experience.
Purdue. https://purduehemp.org//wp-content/up-
loads/2019/03/Purdue_Hemp_Extension-_WP.pdf
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Estab-
lishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4
Weekly Times (Victoria, Australia). 2018. “Hemp
a Willing Helper.” https://search.ebscohost.com/

23. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HARVESTS + YIELDS: CURRENTLY IN NEW YORK STATE
2017
Proved to be an excellent harvest year in New York
State for hemp
2018
Experienced poor conditions for hemp growth,
including flooding.
Outcomes
Some strains performed extremely well in optimal
conditions. CRS-1 performed well in both years.
Jamie Crawford, Craig Carlson, Rebecca Wilk,
Emilia Yoffie, George Stack, Julie Hansen, Gary
Bergstrom, Alan Taylor, Don Viands and Larry
Smart. “2017 and 2018 NY Fiber and Grain Hemp
Trials: A Tale of Two Very Different Years.” Cornell.
2018. https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.cor-
nell.edu/dist/a/7491/files/2019/08/201718-Culti-
var-Trial-Handout.pdf
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Estab-
lishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4

24. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HARVESTS + YIELDS: CURRENTLY IN NEW YORK STATE
2018 and 2019 Grain and Fiber Yield Comparision
Research on-going
Breeding of optimal strains still in its infancy
Jamie Crawford, Rebecca Wilk, George Stack,
Alan Taylor, Don Viands and Larry Smart. ”Evalua-
tion of 32 Industrial Hemp Grain and Fiber Cul-
tivars across New York State in 2018.” Cornell.
2018. https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.
cornell.edu/dist/a/7491/files/2017/04/2018-Culti-
var-Trial-Handout-2018_08_12-2dkqe69.pdf
Jamie Crawford, George Stack, Jacob Toth, Craig
Carlson, Rebecca Wilk, Alan Taylor, Don Viands
and Larry Smart. “Evaluation of 37 Industri-
al Hemp Grain and Fiber Cultivars across New
York State.” Cornell. 2019.ahttps://cpb-us-e1.
wpmucdn.com/blogs.cornell.edu/dist/a/7491/
files/2019/08/2019-Cultivar-Trial-Hand-
out-2019_08_06.pdf
2018
2019

25. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
HEMP IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISEASE AND PESTS LIKE OTHER CROPS
Proven Benefit of Hemp
Great at preventing weed growth due to plant den-
sity.
Disease and Pests
No fungicides or pesticides permitted for hemp in
the United States
Efficacy of fungicides part of ongoing research
Using clones are therefore especially problematic
Most Common Diseases (in New York)
Pythium seedling blight - from soilborne mi-
crobes: oomycete Pythium and fungi in the genera
Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia
Pythium + Fusarium wilt
White mold - fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(soybean, forage legumes, many vegetable crops
and broadleaf weeds), survives in soil for more
than 2 years; hemp rotation with (non-host of
white mold) cereal crops
Botrytis gray mold - most common disease for NY
hemp (field and greenhouse); high humidity and
poor air flow
Diverse leaf spots - bipolaris leaf spot newly dis-
covered disease in NY + Kentucky; plant resistant
hemp varieties
Powdery mildew - common in greenhouses
Fusarium bud blight - mycotoxins contaminate
female flower buds and grains
Gary Bergstrom, Jennifer Starr, Kevin Myers and
Jamie Cummings. “Diseases Affecting Hemp
in New York.” Cornell. 2019. https://cpb-us-e1.
wpmucdn.com/blogs.cornell.edu/dist/a/7491/
files/2019/08/2019-Hemp-Diseases-Field-Day-
Handout8.9.19.pdf
GEASEEDS. “Marijuana Diseases.” https://gea-
seeds.com/blog/en/marijuana-diseases-canna-
bis/

26. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
IF HEMP HAS SO MANY BENEFITS, WHY IS IT NOT DOMINANT?
WEAKNESSES OF HEMP RELATED TO BIOLOGY
• Biochemical makeup means that the requirements to produce the best marijuana quality and best hemp quality are in conflict.
The spread of seed and cross-pollination can cause problems. Additionally, CBD and other forms of industrial hemp also are in con-
flict as CBD depends on expensive, female-only seed, whereas male plants are a vital part of other industrial hemp products
• It has pest and disease issues like any other crop, but no pesticides are currently approved for use
• Genetic breeding of hemp is in its infancy (due to past legality issues)
• Less research on hemp biology than other crops (due to past legality issues)

27. MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTION | FALL 2019
Literature Review
Market
BiologicalEcologicalHealthIndustrialLegalMarketStructuralThermal
BalancingtheEnvironmentalCostsofCannabis
EnergyandEnvironmentalAssessmentofIndustrialHempforBuildingApplications
Hemp:Nutrition,HealthBenefits,andDiet
IndustrialHempFactsheet
IndustrialHemp:AWin-WinForTheEconomyAndTheEnvironment
IsIndustrialHempaSustainableConstructionMaterial?
PropertiesofHempFibresReinforcedPLAComposites
AReviewofthePropertiesofHempConcreteforGreenBuildingApplications
AcousticAbsorptionofHemp-LimeConstruction
TheIdealConditionstoGrowIndustrialHemp
CannabisCultivationintheWorld:Heritages,TrendsandChallenges
EngineeringSustainableConstructionMaterial
HempInsulationComestoNorthAmerica
MechanicalPropertiesandDurabilityofHemp-LimeConcretes
HempConstructionCompanies
FoundationofCannabisUnifiedStandards-FOCUS
ThermalInsulationProducts-HempFiberMatandBoard-Specification
HempIndustriesAssociation-History
GettingBusy|WithHempBioplastics
HempBlockstoBuildYourInnerWalls
CannabisBetsOnLegalHemp
FacingFDAScrutiny|CBDSellersGetCagey
AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofReinforcedConcrete-CivilEngineering
AnExperimentalInvestigationintotheComparativeHygrothermalPerformanceof...
AtticInsulation|HowMuchDoINeed?
EffectofCompactiononMechanicalandThermalPropertiesofHempConcrete
HemcladPre-CastWallSystems|AmericanLimeTechnologyWebsite
HempcreteSpray
HygrothermalBehaviorofHempcrete
PredictingtheLong-TermDurabilityofHemp-LimeRendersinInlandandCoastalAreas
AReviewofRecentResearchontheUseofCellulosicFibres
HempBastFibers|HydrogenLink
HempFiber-anOverview|ScienceDirectTopics
TensilePropertiesofHempandAgaveAmericana
LarrySmart:FromGreyAreatoGoldRush:EstablishingaLong-TermBreedingProgram
ABiologicalOilAdsorptionFilter
HempcreteNoiseBarrierWallforHighwayNoiseInsulation:Research&Construction
IndustrialHempasaPotentialBioenergyCropinComparisonwithKenaf,Switchgrass...
IsCBDoillegalinmycountry?
PhytoremediationPotentialofHemp
Biological
Ecological
Health
Industrial
Legal
Market
Thermal
MechanicalandThermalPropertiesofLimeandHempConcrete
Building|HempTechnologies
Martin-KorpResidence|Asheville,NC|AmericanLimeTechnologyWebsite
CaseStudyforAdamsBrewery
Structural
This white paper from “Hemp Business Journal” utilizes a study by New Fronteir Data to discuss the
projected growth in the Hemp Market by the year 2022. The paper compares the rise of Industrial Hemp
to that of medicianal marijauna in terms of market projection and its legality in the United States.
Sumner, William. “Cannabis Bets | On Legal Hemp.” Hemp Business Journal (blog), February 27, 2019.
https://www.hempbizjournal.com/cannabis-beginning-ante-bets-hemp/.
Biological
Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Establishing a Long-Term Breeding Program
As hemp has long been illegal to grow, breeding of hemp for specific properties is in its infancy. Larry Smart
and other researchers are researching and trying to establish a program for breeding hemp.
Researchers found that different strains perform better for certain applications (CBD, fiber, grain and dual
purpose). They are further testing various strains and measuring their performance in different years.
In 2017, their hemp crops experienced near perfect conditions and achieved excellent yield/acre (1400),
while in 2018 their hemp crops did poorly in higher than average wet weather conditions during the growing
season.
Larry Smart discusses that getting information on plant genetics can be challenging as people are very
protective of their germplasm due to the profitability of having highly productive CBD strains.
The long-term legality issues combined with the protectiveness of the industry means that hemp breeding
is still in its early days and therefore the hemp plants are not as optimized for certain purposes as other
crops.
“Larry Smart: From Grey Area to Gold Rush: Establishing a Long-Term Breeding Program for Hemp.”
Cornell. April, 2019. https://youtu.be/CjrsoMnnLL4
BiologicalEcologicalHealthIndustrialLegalMarketStructuralThermal
BalancingtheEnvironmentalCostsofCannabis
EnergyandEnvironmentalAssessmentofIndustrialHempforBuildingApplications
Hemp:Nutrition,HealthBenefits,andDiet
IndustrialHempFactsheet
IndustrialHemp:AWin-WinForTheEconomyAndTheEnvironment
IsIndustrialHempaSustainableConstructionMaterial?
PropertiesofHempFibresReinforcedPLAComposites
AReviewofthePropertiesofHempConcreteforGreenBuildingApplications
AcousticAbsorptionofHemp-LimeConstruction
TheIdealConditionstoGrowIndustrialHemp
CannabisCultivationintheWorld:Heritages,TrendsandChallenges
EngineeringSustainableConstructionMaterial
HempInsulationComestoNorthAmerica
MechanicalPropertiesandDurabilityofHemp-LimeConcretes
HempConstructionCompanies
FoundationofCannabisUnifiedStandards-FOCUS
ThermalInsulationProducts-HempFiberMatandBoard-Specification
HempIndustriesAssociation-History
GettingBusy|WithHempBioplastics
HempBlockstoBuildYourInnerWalls
CannabisBetsOnLegalHemp
FacingFDAScrutiny|CBDSellersGetCagey
AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofReinforcedConcrete-CivilEngineering
AnExperimentalInvestigationintotheComparativeHygrothermalPerformanceof...
AtticInsulation|HowMuchDoINeed?
EffectofCompactiononMechanicalandThermalPropertiesofHempConcrete
HemcladPre-CastWallSystems|AmericanLimeTechnologyWebsite
HempcreteSpray
HygrothermalBehaviorofHempcrete
PredictingtheLong-TermDurabilityofHemp-LimeRendersinInlandandCoastalAreas
AReviewofRecentResearchontheUseofCellulosicFibres
HempBastFibers|HydrogenLink
Hemp Fiber - anOverview| ScienceDirectTopics
TensilePropertiesofHempandAgaveAmericana
LarrySmart:FromGreyAreatoGoldRush:Establishinga
Long-TermBreedingProgram
ABiologicalOilAdsorptionFilter
HempcreteNoiseBarrierWallforHighwayNoiseInsulation:Research&Construction
IndustrialHempasaPotentialBioenergyCropinComparisonwithKenaf,Switchgrass...
IsCBDoillegalinmycountry?
PhytoremediationPotentialofHemp
Biological
Ecological
Health
Industrial
Legal
Market
Thermal
MechanicalandThermalPropertiesofLimeandHempConcrete
Building|HempTechnologies
Martin-KorpResidence|Asheville,NC|AmericanLimeTechnologyWebsite
CaseStudyforAdamsBrewery
Structural