Management and prevention of heart , urinary system and blood disorder

1. Heart , urinary system
and blood disorder

2. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
• MI occurs when the blood supply to the part of
hearth is interrupted. The resulting ischemia
(restriction in blood supply) and oxygen
shortage, If left untreated for a sufficient
period, can cause and/or Death (Infarction) of
heart muscle tissue (Myocardium)

3. Risk factor
-Old age
-Male sex
-Hypercholestrolemia
-Tobacco smoking
-DM with or without insulin résistance)
-High BP
-Obesity
-Stress
-Hyperhomocysteinemia
-Women using OCP have increased risk of MI

4. Clinical feature
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
-General appearance may vary; the patient
may be comfortable or restless and in severe
distress with increased respiratory rate.
-Low grade Fever (38-39 degree c. )
-BP maybe elevated or decreased.
-Pulse can become irregular
- Most common symptoms of MI in Women
include Dyspnoea, Weakness and Fatigue.

5. • On auscultation –
-3rd and 4th heart sound.
- Systolic murmur
- Paradoxical splitting of 2nd
heart sound
- Precordial friction rub
- Rales over lung

6. Investigations :-
ECG- ST segment elevation or depression ,
• Trop T kid
• - Cardiac Marker CKMB- normal is 5-
75mu/ml, 25-34 indicates of MI .
• chest x ray - presence of pulmonary edema ,
arterial calcification

8. TREATMENT
• In case of cardiac arrest, CPR(cardio pulmonary
resusitation) can be administered.
First line
• Oxygen
• Tab. Aspirin ( antipatelet )
• Tab. Nitrates( vasodialator ) sublingually
• Analgesia(morphine)
• Beta blocker
• Anti coagulant like heparin
• Anti platelet agent like clopidogrel

26. Blood disorder

29. Anemia

44. Urinary tract disorder

45. Common causes of urinary disorders include:
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of the
prostate)
• Cancers or benign tumors
• Dehydration
• Infections of the urinary tract
• Interstitial cystitis (conditions involving chronic
inflammation of the bladder)
• Kidney diseases
• Kidney or urinary tract stones
• Post-vasectomy syndrome