Refined Carbs & Obesity

2.  Information about Refined Carbs/Added Sugar
 Information about Obesity
 What is Obesity?
 Pathophysiology
 How is Obesity diagnosed
 Intake of Added Sugar & Obesity Risk
 Added sugar is thought to increase disease
 Scientific research
 Dietary treatment of Obesity
 Complications if Obesity is not treated

3.  Our bodies need carbohydrates
to provide energy we need
 Good Carbs – complex
(found in vegetables, beans
and whole grains)
 Refined Carbs – Been altered
by machinery to increase its
shelf life. Transforms complex
carbs into simple carbs
 Simple carbs have sugars
added during processing
instead of naturally occurring
sugars
 RDA = 130 grams of carbs per
day and the avoidance of
simple carbohydrates
(130 Carbs/Day RDA)
Figure 1, Simple vs Complex Carbs,
(Dehydration Synthesis and
Carbohydrates)

4.  White Sugar
 White Rice
 White flour
 Crackers
 Soft drinks
 Baked Goods
 Pasta
 Most commercial cereals
 Ice Cream
 Chocolates
 Pizza
 Sandwiches
 Fast foods
 Most snack foods
(McCaffrey)
Image 3, Refined Carbs (Good Vs. Bad Carbs)
Image 2, American Sugar Intake, (Sugar Consumption)

5. Image 4, Lipogenesis Process (Ijms 14 19846f2)

6. Lipogensis is the process that converts simple sugars to fatty acids and
synthesizes tricylglycerols through the reaction of fatty acids with
glycerol. After lipogenesis, the triacylglycerols are packaged into very
low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and secreted by the liver and they help
transport lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. The acetyly-coA
molecules begins lipogenesis in the cytoplasm of the body’s cells. A
complex of enzymes known collectively as fatty acid synthetase
completes the fatty acid synthesis.
Carbohydrates form the major bulk of the human diet, and when they
are consumed, they must be immediately converted into energy, stored
as glycogen, or converted into fat. If the carbohydrates a person eats
produce energy in excess of what the body requires for its energy
expenditure, lipogenesis converts the excess energy from into body fat,
a source of long-term energy. If the carbohydrates consumed do not
produce enough energy to support a person’s activity level, the energy
stored in body fat reserves is used instead.
(“What is Lipogenesis?”)

7. The most common way to diagnosis obesity is by using a Body
Mass Index (BMI).
BMI = Weight in pounds * 703
height in inches²
(“The BMI Formula”)
For example: Mindy is 5’2” and weighs 145
lbs.
1) Multiply 145 * 703 = 101935
2) Find height in inches – 5 feet = 60 inches
60 inches + 2 inches = 62 inches
62 inches²=3844
3) Divide 101935/3844 = 26.52
4) Find 26.52 on chart to determine weight
category
5) According to the chart, Mindy is
overweight
Image 5, BMI Chart(About Morbid Obesity)

8. Image 6, Sugar & Obesity Comparison, (Bar Graph of Childhood Obesity)

9. FROM NAL-USDA
1) 23 lean mean, 23 obese men, 17 lean women & 15
obese women – Has similar sugar intake however,
the obese derived a greater percentage of their
sugar intake from added sugar. (38-47.9%) lean
(25.2-31.4)
2) Same study – Ludwig & colleagues found that for
each additional serving of drinks sweetened with
sugar, the odds of becoming obese increased 60%
3) Some reports disagree about a direct link between
increase sugar intake and obesity however, many
believe this is due to the pervasive problem of
underreporting food intake, which is more
prevalent and severe in obese individuals.
(“Dietary Carbohydrates – Sugar & Starches”)

10. According to a Harvard – School of Public Health survey about drinks with
added sugar and obesity
• Average can of soda of fruit punch provided about 150 calories,
almost all of them from sugar = 10 tsp of table sugar
• Greater consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been
linked with a greater genetic susceptibility to high body mass index
(BMI) and increased risk of obesity.
• Published in the New England Journal of Medicine – “this study for the
first time provides reproducible evidence from three prospective
cohorts to show genetic and dietary factors- SSB- may mutually
influence their effects on body weight and obesity risk”.
• Genetic effects on BMI and obesity risk among those who drank one
or more SSBs per day were about twice as large as those who
consumed less than one serving per month. The finding suggest that
regular consumptions of sugary beverages may amplify the genetic
risk of obesity. In addition, individuals with greater genetic
predisposition to obesity appear to be more susceptible to harmful
effects of SSBs on BMI
(“Regular consumption of sugary beverages linked to increased genetic risk of obesity”)

11.  The CDC makes the following
recommendations to treat obesity:
› For Individuals
 Eat more fruits & vegetables and less foods high in fat
and sugar
 Drink water instead of sugary drinks
 Limit TV watching to less than 2 hours per day
 Aim to exercise 30 minutes, 5 days a week
› For communities & states
 Maintain safe neighbors for physical activities and parks
 Advocate for quality Physical Education in schools
 Support local farmers markets and programs that
promote fresh, healthy eating
 Adopt policies that promote physical activity
 (Adult Obesity)

12. (What Are The Benefits Of Eliminating Sugar From Your Diet?)

13. Obesity increases the risk of more than 30 health
conditions to include:
Type 2 diabetes
High cholesterol
Hypertension
Gallstones
Heart failure
Fatty liver disease
Sleep apnea
GERD
Stress incontinence
Heart failure
Degenerative joint disease
Birth defects
Miscarriages
Asthma
And numerous cancers
(“What is Obesity”)
Image 7, (How Obesity affects your life), Obesity Health
Risks

14. • “130 Carbs/day RDA” , Lgreview, Retrieved
http://lcreview.org/main/130g-carbsday-rda/
• “About Morbid Obesity” [Image File] Acadiana, Retrieved from
www.acadianaweightlosssurgery.com/about-morbid-obesity.apex
• “Adult Obesity”, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Retrieved
from www.cdc.goc/vitalsigns/AdultObesity/#Whatcanbedone
• Bar Graph of Childhood Obesity, [Image File], Retrieved
http://s3.amazonaws.com/bethecatalyst_uploads_production/photos/62
65/double_bar_graph-01.jpg
• Dehydration Synthesis and Carbohydrates346 x 267, [Image File] Retrieved
from jpegblock12012.wikispaces.com
• “Dietary Carbohydrates – Sugars & Starches” United States Department of
Agriculture – National Agricultural Library, Retrived from
www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/DRI/DRI_Energy/265-
• Good Vs. Bad Carbs List504 x 350 [Image File] Retrieved from jpegtoday-bethechange.
blogspot.com
• Hartley, Simon, “The BMI Formula”, What Health, Retrieved from
www.whathealth.com/bmi/formula.html

15. • ljms 14 19846f2 10241024 x 722 [Image File] Retrieved from pngmdpi.com
• McCaffrey, Dee, “What’s so Bad About Flour & Sugar?”, Processed Free America,
Retrieved from http://processed freeamerica.org/resources/health-news/48
• Obesity Health Risk [Image File] Retrieved from thenewyouplan.com
• “Regular consumption of sugary beverages linked to increased genetic risk of obesity”,
Harvard School of Public Health, Retrieved 10./28/2104 from
www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/sugary-beverages-genetic-risk-obesity/
• Sugar Consumption628 x 363 , [Image File] Retrieved from jpegprevention.com
• What are the benefits of eating healthy? Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOLq4qO2hiY
• “What is Lipogenesis?” WiseGeek, Retrieved from www.wisegeek.com/what-is-lipogenesis.
htm
• “What is Obesity”, Obesity Society, Retrieved from www.obesity.org/resources-for/what-is-obesity.
htm