2. Modern technology has also helped
advance medecine. Health today can be
improved through surgery and
medication, modern techniques in the
prevention of disease, heart surgery and
modern equipments such as laser and bioenergizer.
3. The invention of the laser beam has proven
to be invaluable in the field of medicine. On
Tuesday, May 10, 2005, Ted Cowan,
Director of the Nevada Terawatt Facility at
the University of Nevada, and his research
team has produced a proton beam that has
100 times higher quality than any
conventional particle accelerator and fits on
a table top.
4. Irradiation with accelerated carbon ions can easily
target a tumor and destroy it without sacrificing the
surrounding tissues. It makes possible treatment for
some cancers such as those in the head regions, that
were previously untreatable.
According to Cowan, ion beam cancer therapies
are far more precise in treating cancer than
conventional therapies.
5. Modern technology enables medical professionals to
inspect the body: Several tests provide essential
information to aid in the diagnosis of illnesses and the
selection of appropriate treatment. These are:
1. Complete blood cell count (CBC)
= it determines the number and types of cells in the
blood.
2. Urinalysis
= is a microscopic examination and chemical analysis
of the urine. The presence of red blood cells, white
blood cells, casts (formation of protein) and crystals
(uric acid) are seen in the microscopic examination.
6. 3. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
= is a visual record of the heart’s electrical impulses, which
control the rate and rhythm of beating.
4. Biopsy
= is the removal of a small sample of tissue for examination
under a microscope.
5. Angiography (also called arteriography)
= is a visualization of the blood vessels, usually by
introduction of a chatheter, that is inserted directly into a
blood vessel.
6. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
= It is used to detect abnormalities in the brain.
7. 7. Endoscopy
= is a method of directly viewing the inside of hollow
organs by intersecting an endoscope (a flexible,
lighted tubelike instrument) into the organs.
8. Nuclear Medicine Scanning (or Radioisotope)
= used primilarly as a diagnostic tool to detect tumors,
blood clots and malfunctioning of organs in the body.
9. Ultra sonography
= often called ultrasound, is a method of visualizing the
structures of the body.
8. 10. Mammography
= is a simple, generally painless examination of the
breast by means of a special X-ray machine that is
designed to be used for soft tissues.
11. Pap Smear Test
= involves scrapping some cells from the surface of the
area where the cervix opens into the vagina.
9. Our lifetime has experienced breakthoughs in
medicine and ways of preventing severe body pains.
Examples of these are:
1. Acupuncture
= an ancient system of healing that had developed for
over thousands of years as part of the traditional
medicine of China.
2. Chiropractic treatment
= is the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of
mechanical disorders of the joints, especially the
spinal column.
10. Modern Technologies That Help in the Control of
Disease
= Different discoveries in the field of science and
medicine helped a lot in the battle against
communicable diseases, as well as in the
prolongation of human life.
A. Modern Treatment
☯ Acupuncture
☯Heart bypass
☯ Endorphin
☯ Fibrin
☯ Cobalt 60
☯ Chemotheraphy
☯Radiation
☯ Liquid Nitrogen
☯ Transplant
11. B. Modern Apparatus
☯ X-ray
☯ Laser
☯ Keycell bio-energizer
☯ Electrocardiography
☯Electroencephalography
☯ Ultrasound
☯Scanner
C. Scientists who contributed greatly in the
field of medicine and health:
✪ Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1676)
= invented the microscope.
✪ Robert Hooke (1678)
= developed the first compound microscope.
12. ✪ Louis Pasteur (1861)
= Father of Bacteriology; discovered the cure to rabies.
✪ Joseph Lister (1867)
= introduced the value of sterilization and aseptic
(disease producing bacteria) precaution.
✪ Edward Jenner (1796)
= introduced the first vaccine using cowpox to
immunize against small pox.
✪ Paul Ehrlich (1910)
= pioneered the technique of chemotherapy which
deals with the use of chemicals for the treatment and
control of disease-causing organisms.
13. ✪ Alexander Fleming (1928)
= discovered the antibiotic penicillin.
✪ William Einthoven (1911)
= invented the electrocardiograph.
✪ Jonas Salk (1953)
= developed the first vaccine against poliomyelitis.
✪ Christian Barnard (1967)
= performed the first sucessful heart transplant on a
human being.
✪Dr. Peter Safar (late 1950s)
= Father of CPR; proposed the A-B-C (airway,
breathing, circulation) sequence of resuscitation,
including the technique of “mouth-to-mouth”
resuscitation.
14. ✪ Dr. Patricia Bath (1981)
= ophthalmologic surgeon; invented the Laserphaco
Probe, a surgical tool that uses a laser to vaporize
cataracts via a tiny, 1-millimeter insertion into a
patient’s eye.
✪ Willem J. Kolff (1950s)
= medical researcher; invented the artificial kidney
dialysis machine.
✪ Gertrude Elion (1954)
= patented the leukemia-fighting drug 6-mercaptopurine
and has made other significant contributions in the
field of medecine; in 1988.
15. ✪ Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen (1973)
= invented the technique of DNA cloning, which allowed
genes to be transplanted between different biological
species.
✪Frederick Banting (1921-22)
= co-inventor of insulin.
= Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas and is
used in treating diabetic patients.
✪Dr. Raymond V. Damadian (1970)
= invented MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
scanning machine.
16. ✪ Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik (1942)
= Austrian physician; published the first paper on
medical ultrasonics, that paved the way to the
production of ultrasound.
✪Professor Ian Donald of Scotland (1950s)
= developed practical technology and applications for
ultrasound.
18. Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases
✿Communicable diseases, also known as infectious
diseases, are contagious; that is, they can be passed or
transmitted from one person to another through direct
or indirect means. They can be transmitted by skin
contact, through body fluids, in contaminated food or
drink via airborne particles containing microorganisms.
Animals or insect bites are also agents of transmission,
colds, pneumonia, AIDS, flu, hepatitis, cholera,
malaria, etc. are all communicable disease. They are
caused by a microorganism (a living organism that is so
small that it can be seen only with a microscope)
capable of causing a disease that invades the body. The
two most common types of infectious diseases are
bacterial infections and viral infections.
19. ✿ Noncommunicable diseases like heart attack,
hypertension, stroke, cancer, diabetes are not
transferrable. They are caused by malfunctioning and
abnormal conditions of the body. These diseases are
considered lifestyle diseases. The wrong diet, including
eating too much or too little, cigarette smoking,
alcohol drinking, over-dependence on automobiles,
sedentary work and psychological stresses are thought
to accelerate the appearance of these disease. Eating to
much of certain foods may contribute to heart disease.
Eating too little can cause vitamin deficiency like the
bone-deforming disease known as rickets, night
blindness or xeropthalmia, scurvy and kwashior kor
(also known as protein manutrition and protein-calorie
malnutrition (PCM).
20. ✿ Noncommunicable diseases have overtaken
communicable diseases as major health problems. As
reported by the Department of Health (DOH) and
World Health Organization (WHO), the three leading
causes of death in this era are cancer, heart disease and
circulatory diseases. Many people have died of these
diseases due to the lifestyle they have chosen to live.
Thus the keys to protect oneself from acquiring such
chronic diseases are pervention and healthy habits.
21. Communicable Diseases
✰ Bacteria
= are tiny one-called organisms that grow anywhere.
Most bacteria such as those that thrive in the
intestines do not cause diseases, and instead, help
digest food.
✰Viruses
= are the smallest and simplest forms of life. They are
the most common causes of communicable diseases.
22. ✰Fungi
= are simple life forms that cannot make their own
food. They live in hair, nails, and skin. Example of
these are mushroom and yeast.
✰ Protozoa
= are simple, animal-like organisms. Malaria is a
disease caused by protozoa.
23. Common Communicable Diseases
1. Colds
= most common communicable disease caused by a
hundred different viruses. They are spread through
air and water and through contact with someone
who is a carier. Colds are already contagious the
first day a symptom appears.
2. Pneumonia
= is a serious disease of the lungs that can be caused
by either bacteria or viruses. The air sacs in the
lungs are filled with fluid and dead white blood cells
rather than air. This causes difficulty in breathing.
24. 3. Influenza or Flu
= a serious illness caused by viruses. This lowers the
body’s resistence to bacterial infection.
4. Mononucleosis or “the kissing disease”
= This is a disease common among young people
caused by a virus that results in a high number of
white-blood cells in the body.
5. Hepatitis
= is a disease that involves the swelling of the liver.
There ere two main kinds of hepatitis:
✼Hepatitis A – caused by a virus that often enters
the body through contaminated food
or dirty water.
25. ✼Hepatitis B – This is spread through contact with
body fluids of an infected person.
6. Malaria
= caused by protozoa through the bites of mosquitoes.
Symptoms of this disease include chilling, high fever
and headache.
7. Cholera
= caused by bacteria which usually infect a person as
he drinks water which contains feces or solid waste of
people or eats food which has been washed with
contaminated water.
8. AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
= It is caused by a virus known as the human immune
deficiency virus or HIV. It is a very serious disease
that leads to death but can be prevented.
26. How Communicable Diseases are Spread
❆by air – persons who cough or sneeze spread germs
through the air.
❆through people – direct contact with a person who
is infected with the virus.
❆through contact with animals – through insect
bites such as those of mosquitoes and
bites from infected animals.
❆through contaminated water and food –
microorganisms such as bacteria and
protozoa thrive in water.
27. Health Measures to Prevent and Control
Communicable Diseases
✦Practe good health habits
- bath everyday, get plenty of rest and exercise
- eat a balance diet
- use your own eating or drinking utensils
- observe finger food preperation and cooking
- undergo regular check up
✦Practice good behavior to protect others
- stay home when sick
- Cover the mouth when coughing or sneezing
28. ♥♥♥ Group 3 ♥♥♥
✔ Jomar Macasabuang
✔ Nicole Flores
✔ Jaztin Malanay
✔ Marinel Garcia
✔ Ryan Miguel
✔ France Pescuela
✔ Jonalyn Gregorio
✔ Ma. Grace Kapaw-an
By: Jackielou Gaspang
