Computer architecture

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Computer Architecture
Section 1
Collected by T.A / Mohamed Hossam

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Contents
Introduction.
Boolean Algebra.
Gates & truth table.
The tools.
The And Gate.

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Introduction
The structure of computers.
Input output
CPU
Main memory
Interconnection System

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Introduction
The component of central processing unit (CPU).
Registers CPU
interconnection
Control
Unit
ALU

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Introduction
Imagine we have some problems need to solved by computer, what is
the sequence logic structure to be solved?
Software
Layer
Problem
Algorithm
Programming language
Operating system
Hardware
Layer
Microarchitecture
Gates / Registers
Circuits
Electrons
ISA

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Boolean Algebra
 0 + 0 = 0
 0 + 1 = 1
 1 + 0 = 1
 1 + 1 = 1
 0 . 0 = 0
 0 . 1 = 0
 1 . 0 = 0
 1 . 1 = 1
 X + 0 = X
 X + X = X
 X + 1 = 1
 X + X’ = 1
 X . 0 = 0
 X . 1 = X
 X . X = X
 X . X’ = 0
 X + Y = Y + X
 X + (Y + Z) = (X + Y) + Z
 X + (Y . Z) = (X + Y) . (X + Z)
 X + (X . Y) = X
 X . Y = Y . X
 X . (Y . Z) = (X . Y) . Z
 X . (Y + Z) = X . Y + X . Z
 X . (X + Y)= X

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Boolean Algebra
 X . Y + X . Y’ = X
 (X + Y) . (X + Y’) = X
 X + (X’ . Y) = X + Y
 X . (X’ + Y)= X . Y
 (X . Y)’ = X’ + Y’
 (X + Y)’ = X’ . Y’

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Gates and Truth table
Name Buffer NOT AND NAND OR NOR XOR XNOR
Algebra
Expression
Input = A
Out = A
Input = A
Out = A’
Input = A,B
Out = A . B
Input = A,B
Out = A’ . B’
Input = A,B
Out = A + B
Input = A,B
Out = A’ + B’
Input = A,B
Out =A Ꚛ B
Input = A,B
Out = A’ Ꚛ B’
Symbol
Truth Table

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Tools
Java Runtime platform.
Hardware Simulator.
Text Editor.
Nand2teries Application.
Tool Documentation.

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Tools
Pin
Values
HDL
Program
Test
Script
Simulator
Control

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Tools
For the hardware simulator program, we have 4 files for each gate:
Hardware description language file, EX: And.hdl
Test script file, Ex: And.tst
Output file, Ex: And.out
We
create
Program
create
Compare file, EX: And.cmp
Form
Nand2teries

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Tools
Common rules for write gate by hardware decryption language
(HDL):
We write the chip name.
We write the input parameters.
We write the output parameters.
We write the function of the gate.

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And Gate
The And gate by the Nand gate.
And(a,b) = Not(Nand(a,b))

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And Gate
Build the And gate.
a
b
x out

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Assignment
Build the (Or gate) using Nand gate.

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