The health care reform law calls for the creation of state-based insurance Exchanges. This Legislative Brief provides an overview of state progress toward creating the Exchanges and the role of entities typically involved with the insurance placement process (such as brokers and agents) under the Exchanges. It also discusses the emergence of private health insurance Exchanges.
The Guide to Health Insurance Exchanges provides an overview of what the exchanges are and how they work, as well as reports on what happened right after they opened. The guide will help both employers and consumers to better understand exchanges by explaining the different types including public exchange for individuals, the SHOP exchange for small businesses, or a private marketplace for larger companies.
This presentation will help you understand the strategies for patient enrollment & navigation and there by reduce the risk of caring for the uninsured.
ACA Healthcare legislation and attempts at increasing regulation of self-funding and stop loss coverage are driving more employers toward stop loss captives.
The Guide to Health Insurance Exchanges provides an overview of what the exchanges are and how they work, as well as reports on what happened right after they opened. The guide will help both employers and consumers to better understand exchanges by explaining the different types including public exchange for individuals, the SHOP exchange for small businesses, or a private marketplace for larger companies.
This presentation will help you understand the strategies for patient enrollment & navigation and there by reduce the risk of caring for the uninsured.
ACA Healthcare legislation and attempts at increasing regulation of self-funding and stop loss coverage are driving more employers toward stop loss captives.
As a key component of healthcare reform, web-based healthcare insurance exchanges are intended to make buying healthcare benefits easier and more affordable for individuals and smaller businesses. The exchanges will operate as virtual stores where heath plans can be compared; eligibility assessed and benefit plans purchased. They are a new, uncharted venue for insurance carriers, managed care and government healthcare interests!
www.healthcaremedicalpharmaceuticaldirectory.com
John G. Baresky
https://www.linkedin.com/in/johngbaresky
#baresky
Galen Benshoof, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, presented on Realizing the Promise of the ACA: Implementation of State Health Reform at the State Legislative Conference on November 6, 2015.
Health insurance exchanges critical success factors for payersApoorv S
Health insurance exchanges will significantly impact the healthcare entities and more so the payers. Payers will have to align with the change in focus from B2B model to B2C model and this entails payers to focus on various aspects to succeed. Article outlines key success factors which payers will have to factor in to tide over the changing fundamentals of U.S. healthcare due to the shift towards retail healthcare.
Understanding the ObamaCare North Carolina Health Insurance Plans
As a result of the Affordable Care Act (a.k.a. ObamaCare) the following provisions are now in place for health insurance policies with an effective date January 1, 2014 or after:Individuals cannot be declined for health insurance or charged more due to their health status or gender.
Insurance premiums are based on age, your zip code and tobacco usage.
Coverage limitations or exclusions based on pre-existing conditions are not allowed.
Elimination of annual and lifetime coverage limits.
Prohibition of declining an individual for coverage based on their participation in an approved clinical trial.
Maternity and mental health are included on all policies.
Preventative dental is covered with a $25 copay for members up to age 19. There is also some vision coverage for this age group.
Whether or not your children are students they can stay on your policy until age 26.
Introduction of the Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) which ensures that 80% of the premium dollars paid to the health insurance issuer are spend on providing health care. An insurance company that does not do this must provide rebates to their policyholders
http://www.hisonc.com/obamacare-north-carolina
Rebroadcast scheduled for 9/14/13 1:00 - 4:00 pm EST http://cpa.tc/34y
70% of Businesses will turn to their CPA for advice on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. MACPA created this special FREE townhall sponsored by our Exclusive Preferred Provider RJ Princinsky & Associates to help our members learn about what they need to know to advice their clients and employers about this new massive piece of legislation impacting businesses large and small.
Are you being asked by your clients and employers to figure out what they need to know and do, now and later, to stay complaint with all the provisions of PPACA? It is complex and changing but as the trusted advisor, you need to stay ahead of the questions they are asking. It isn't easy but this Special Town Hall, sponsored by MACPA's preferred provider of health care, employee benefit, HR and wellness services, will bring you up to date and answer the questions you have. Right now alll employer business managers and employee benefits managers should be taking steps to be sure they are prepared for the PPACA requirements that take effect later this year in 2014 and beyond. While some requirements vary based on employer size, business entity or type of health plan offered, other requirements apply to all individuals and employer groups regardless of employee size or type of business entity. This special edition Town Hall will provide participants with the information and resources that will help you make informed business decisions and advise clients related to this evolving legislation.
You will learn about Health Exchanges, the individual and employer mandates, DOL requirements, impacts on your benefits plans, penalties and taxes, ratings and premiums and lots more.
Running head: MARYLAND AND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT 1
MARYLAND AND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT 6
Maryland and the Affordable Care Act
Lynette Wright-Jones
Sojourner Douglass College
Professor: Manigault
October 23, 2013
Maryland and the Affordable Care Act
The State of Maryland plays a vital role in ensuring that the Affordable Care Act is implemented in accordance with the laid down provisions. Starting October 1, 2013, the state implemented the Connector Program via the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange (MHBE, 2013). This launch is in accordance with Maryland law and consistent with the provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The Connector Program seeks to provide the target populations in the state with enrollment, eligibility and in-person education assistance. The 2012 Maryland Health Benefit Exchange Act launched programs aimed at serving both the SHOP (Small Business Health Insurance Options Program) and individual exchanges (MHBE, 2013).
This new plan for Maryland will impact the state’s economy in a significant manner. According to Governor Martin O’Malley, the new plan will help to stimulate job creation and propel the state’s economic growth, which will subsequently strengthen the middleclass (O’Malley, 2013). Furthermore, successful implementation of the Connector Program will aid to improve health outcomes among Maryland residents, which will reduce health costs in the long-term and boost the state’s economic development.
Maryland residents who were previously uninsured will benefit tremendously from the ACA. It will enable them to purchased health insurance at reasonable prizes. According to MHBE, approximately 250,000 residents in Maryland will benefit from new insurance cover because of expansion of Medicaid eligibility and creation of subsidized health insurance packages offered via Maryland Health Connection (MHC) (MHBE, 2013). Maryland Health Connection works in close proximity with insurance providers, advocates, insurance carriers and assisters to build a strong infrastructure that supports the diverse marketplace while ensuring that the previously uninsured enroll in affordable and quality plans.
Residents who do not qualify for the subsidies and tax credits can still purchase an insurance plan through MHC. The Affordable Care Act demands that individuals above eighteen years of age must have health insurance coverage beginning 2014, failure to which they may face legal action and pay fines. According to MHBE (2013), the core benefits offered by all health plans include emergency care, doctor visits, maternity care, hospitalization, substance abuse treatment, pediatric care, mental health care, medical tests and prescriptions among others. Before deciding to enroll, residents will be able to see their premiums, out-of-pocket costs and deductibles for the plans that they aspire to enroll in. The online marketplace.
As a key component of healthcare reform, web-based healthcare insurance exchanges are intended to make buying healthcare benefits easier and more affordable for individuals and smaller businesses. The exchanges will operate as virtual stores where heath plans can be compared; eligibility assessed and benefit plans purchased. They are a new, uncharted venue for insurance carriers, managed care and government healthcare interests!
www.healthcaremedicalpharmaceuticaldirectory.com
John G. Baresky
https://www.linkedin.com/in/johngbaresky
#baresky
Galen Benshoof, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, presented on Realizing the Promise of the ACA: Implementation of State Health Reform at the State Legislative Conference on November 6, 2015.
Health insurance exchanges critical success factors for payersApoorv S
Health insurance exchanges will significantly impact the healthcare entities and more so the payers. Payers will have to align with the change in focus from B2B model to B2C model and this entails payers to focus on various aspects to succeed. Article outlines key success factors which payers will have to factor in to tide over the changing fundamentals of U.S. healthcare due to the shift towards retail healthcare.
Understanding the ObamaCare North Carolina Health Insurance Plans
As a result of the Affordable Care Act (a.k.a. ObamaCare) the following provisions are now in place for health insurance policies with an effective date January 1, 2014 or after:Individuals cannot be declined for health insurance or charged more due to their health status or gender.
Insurance premiums are based on age, your zip code and tobacco usage.
Coverage limitations or exclusions based on pre-existing conditions are not allowed.
Elimination of annual and lifetime coverage limits.
Prohibition of declining an individual for coverage based on their participation in an approved clinical trial.
Maternity and mental health are included on all policies.
Preventative dental is covered with a $25 copay for members up to age 19. There is also some vision coverage for this age group.
Whether or not your children are students they can stay on your policy until age 26.
Introduction of the Medical Loss Ratio (MLR) which ensures that 80% of the premium dollars paid to the health insurance issuer are spend on providing health care. An insurance company that does not do this must provide rebates to their policyholders
http://www.hisonc.com/obamacare-north-carolina
Rebroadcast scheduled for 9/14/13 1:00 - 4:00 pm EST http://cpa.tc/34y
70% of Businesses will turn to their CPA for advice on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. MACPA created this special FREE townhall sponsored by our Exclusive Preferred Provider RJ Princinsky & Associates to help our members learn about what they need to know to advice their clients and employers about this new massive piece of legislation impacting businesses large and small.
Are you being asked by your clients and employers to figure out what they need to know and do, now and later, to stay complaint with all the provisions of PPACA? It is complex and changing but as the trusted advisor, you need to stay ahead of the questions they are asking. It isn't easy but this Special Town Hall, sponsored by MACPA's preferred provider of health care, employee benefit, HR and wellness services, will bring you up to date and answer the questions you have. Right now alll employer business managers and employee benefits managers should be taking steps to be sure they are prepared for the PPACA requirements that take effect later this year in 2014 and beyond. While some requirements vary based on employer size, business entity or type of health plan offered, other requirements apply to all individuals and employer groups regardless of employee size or type of business entity. This special edition Town Hall will provide participants with the information and resources that will help you make informed business decisions and advise clients related to this evolving legislation.
You will learn about Health Exchanges, the individual and employer mandates, DOL requirements, impacts on your benefits plans, penalties and taxes, ratings and premiums and lots more.
Running head: MARYLAND AND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT 1
MARYLAND AND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT 6
Maryland and the Affordable Care Act
Lynette Wright-Jones
Sojourner Douglass College
Professor: Manigault
October 23, 2013
Maryland and the Affordable Care Act
The State of Maryland plays a vital role in ensuring that the Affordable Care Act is implemented in accordance with the laid down provisions. Starting October 1, 2013, the state implemented the Connector Program via the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange (MHBE, 2013). This launch is in accordance with Maryland law and consistent with the provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The Connector Program seeks to provide the target populations in the state with enrollment, eligibility and in-person education assistance. The 2012 Maryland Health Benefit Exchange Act launched programs aimed at serving both the SHOP (Small Business Health Insurance Options Program) and individual exchanges (MHBE, 2013).
This new plan for Maryland will impact the state’s economy in a significant manner. According to Governor Martin O’Malley, the new plan will help to stimulate job creation and propel the state’s economic growth, which will subsequently strengthen the middleclass (O’Malley, 2013). Furthermore, successful implementation of the Connector Program will aid to improve health outcomes among Maryland residents, which will reduce health costs in the long-term and boost the state’s economic development.
Maryland residents who were previously uninsured will benefit tremendously from the ACA. It will enable them to purchased health insurance at reasonable prizes. According to MHBE, approximately 250,000 residents in Maryland will benefit from new insurance cover because of expansion of Medicaid eligibility and creation of subsidized health insurance packages offered via Maryland Health Connection (MHC) (MHBE, 2013). Maryland Health Connection works in close proximity with insurance providers, advocates, insurance carriers and assisters to build a strong infrastructure that supports the diverse marketplace while ensuring that the previously uninsured enroll in affordable and quality plans.
Residents who do not qualify for the subsidies and tax credits can still purchase an insurance plan through MHC. The Affordable Care Act demands that individuals above eighteen years of age must have health insurance coverage beginning 2014, failure to which they may face legal action and pay fines. According to MHBE (2013), the core benefits offered by all health plans include emergency care, doctor visits, maternity care, hospitalization, substance abuse treatment, pediatric care, mental health care, medical tests and prescriptions among others. Before deciding to enroll, residents will be able to see their premiums, out-of-pocket costs and deductibles for the plans that they aspire to enroll in. The online marketplace.
On Nov. 8, 2013, the DOL, HHS and the Treasury released Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) regarding implementation of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act. These FAQs were released in conjunction with final rules on the MHPAEA, which contain some clarification regarding the law's protections.
State innovation and medicare expansion waivers employer considerationsDebera Salam, CPP
How will the state response to the Affordable Care Act affect employers? In this special report, we explain how state innovation and Medicare expansion waivers will impact businesses now and in the future.
Surprise Billing in Healthcare: The No Surprises Act Takes a Stand for PatientsHealth Catalyst
Most providers aim to protect patients from unexpected and unmanageable medical bills. But on January 1, 2022, this responsibility becomes law under the No Surprises Act. The upcoming legislation targets surprise medical bills, which occur when a patient unknowingly receives care from out-of-network providers and is subject to higher charges than for in-network care. These unexpected bills degrade the patient experience and decrease the likelihood of payment for care. Surprise bills may also be more common than many consumers and providers realize—according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, in 2016, 42.8 percent of emergency room bills resulted in out-of-network charges. With greater price transparency, the No Surprises Act seeks to protect patients but also impacts providers and facilities, ambulance services, and more, who must comply to receive timely payment and avoid penalties.
Health Reform Bulletin 143 | Status of ACA Litigation; Murky Future of AHPs; ...CBIZ, Inc.
Litigation challenging and rescinding various aspects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) continues to reign. Last December, Judge Reed O’Connor of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals opined that the individual mandate, in the absence of the tax repealed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, is unconstitutional; and since it is a cornerstone of the ACA, then the entire ACA must fall (see our prior CBIZ Health Reform Bulletin 142).
Healthcare Reform Proving To Be A Calendar Challenge
Healthcare reform is a significant administrative, clinical, financial and technical undertaking. As the nation moves forward to implement the mandates, the critical resource of time is proving harder to find and pay for. As 2013 comes to an end, the changes expected for 2014 will become more apparent and as we move through the year into 2015, more changes and challenges can be expected.
www.healthcaremedicalpharmaceuticaldirectory.com
John G. Baresky
https://www.linkedin.com/in/johngbaresky
#baresky
Health Reform Bulletin: Certification of Compliance with Electronic Transacti...CBIZ, Inc.
In this health reform bulletin, you will receive information on the proposed regulations relating to certification of compliance with the electronic transaction requirements of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). These rules are particularly significant to self-funded health plans and their sponsors.
As the Affordable Care Act takes effect, health insurance companies will have to design and implement new healthcare models to keep up with the new consumer population.
Health Reform Alert - Implementation Guidance FAQsCBIZ, Inc.
The ACA’s governing agencies (Labor, HHS and IRS) have issued their 18th set of implementation FAQs, further defining certain aspects of the Affordable Care Act, as well as how the law coordinates with the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA). Following are highlights of this guidance.
Learn more at www.cbiz.com
Provider/payor convergence: A prescription for growth?Grant Thornton LLP
As bottom lines shrink, payors and providers are beginning to see convergence, or vertical integration, as the path to growth, Panelists from Johns Hopkins Institutions, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC and Grant Thornton LLP share their experience.
http://www.symbiusmedical.com/ - This article can help you navigate the often misunderstood new world of healthcare - the Affordable Care Act. As of 2014 non-grandfathered individual and small group health plans must provide the essential health benefits (EHBs). EHBs will include items & services in 10 statutory benefit categories. Individuals are able to shop for insurance coverage on state health insurance exchanges, called “marketplaces.” The article is written by Symbius Medical Corporate Compliance Manager, Natalie Franklin.
Do you want to know what healthcare contract management is? Let’s read this article & learn about the healthcare contract and policy management processes.
HCR Pay or Play Penalties Look-Back Measurement Method ExamplesThe Gardner Group
Under the ACA's pay or play rules, employers can use the look-back measurement method to determine their employees' full-time status. This Legislative Brief provides examples of potential measurement, administrative and stability periods under this method for plan years beginning in each month throughout the 2015 and 2016 calendar years. It also includes examples of optional transition measurement periods in 2015.
Protect Your Business and Employees from Seasonal FluThe Gardner Group
Each year, seasonal influenza has a marked impact on businesses and employers.Seasonal flu can cause increased absenteeism, decreased productivity and higher health care costs.As an employer, you are well-positioned to help keep your employees healthy and minimize the impact that influenza has on your business. The Gardner Group works with vendors and employers to set up onsite Flu Vaccination Clinics. See how The Gardner Group can assist you in hosting your group’s next Flu Vaccination Clinic.
The Live Well, Work Well Newsletter is an employee newsletter that is produced monthly and covers topics like health, wellness, fitness, nutrition and personal finances. This month's issue discusses road trip planning and safety, strength versus endurance exercise and debt repayment strategies.
Although many key reforms of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) are effective for 2014, additional reforms will become effective in 2015 for employers sponsoring group health plans. For 2015, the most significant ACA change is the shared responsibility penalty for applicable large employers. To prepare for 2015, employers should review upcoming requirements and develop a compliance strategy. This Legislative Brief provides a health care reform checklist for 2015.
The Live Well, Work Well Newsletter is an employee newsletter that is produced monthly and covers topics like health, wellness, fitness, nutrition and personal finances. This month's issue features information about types of dietary fat, stroke awareness, Pilates and emergency savings accounts.
Health Care Reform Reporting Requirements for Employers and Health PlansThe Gardner Group
This Legislative Brief provides a summary of ACA's reporting requirements for employers and health plans. It summarizes Form W-2 reporting, applicable large employer health coverage reporting under Code section 6056, reporting of health coverage by health insurance issuers and sponsors of self-insured plans under Code section 6055, transparency in coverage reporting and quality of care reporting. It has been updated for final regulations on the section 6055 and 6056 reporting requirements.
Beginning in 2014, ACA's individual mandate requires most individuals to obtain acceptable health insurance coverage or pay a penalty. A hardship exemption is available for individuals who have suffered a hardship with respect to the capability to obtain coverage under a qualified health plan.
Beginning in 2014, the Affordable Care Act requires qualified health plans, or qualified health plans, to meet certain levels of actuarial value. This Legislative Brief provides an overview of the Affordable Care Act's required actuarial value levels, which are referred to as metal levels (bronze, silver, gold and platinum).
To prepare for open enrollment, health plan sponsors should become familiar with the legal changes affecting plans for the 2014 plan year. In addition, health plan sponsors should make sure that open enrollment packages include certain participant notices.
Health Care Reform Legislative Brief
2013 Compliance Checklist
In light of the Supreme Court's June 28, 2012, decision to uphold the health care reform law, or Affordable Care Act (ACA), employers must continue to comply with ACA mandates that are currently in effect.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Health Insurance Exchanges
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) calls for the creation of state-based competitive marketplaces, known as Affordable
Health Insurance Exchanges (Exchanges), for individuals and small businesses to purchase private health
insurance. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Exchanges will allow for direct
comparisons of private health insurance options on the basis of price, quality and other factors and will coordinate
eligibility for premium tax credits and other affordability programs. ACA requires the Exchanges to become operational
in 2014.
Due to a number of factors, states’ progress toward developing the Exchanges has been far from uniform. There has
also been uncertainty surrounding the structure of the Exchanges and the role of entities that have been traditionally
involved with the insurance placement process, such as brokers and agents.
On March 27, 2012, HHS issued final regulations to provide a framework for states on important aspects of
Exchanges.
In addition to ACA’s Exchanges, private health insurance exchanges are emerging to provide another way for
employers to provide health insurance coverage for employees.
STATE PROGRESS ON EXCHANGES
According to HHS, since ACA was passed in March 2010, all states have taken some action to implement the health
care reform law. For example, 49 states are participating in ACA’s premium rate review system where insurers must
justify the rationale behind any double-digit increases in insurance premiums. However, states have not made nearly
as much progress toward establishing their Exchanges.
Exchanges must be ready to accept enrollees on Oct. 1, 2013. To meet this deadline, a state’s plan to operate its own
Exchange must be approved by HHS no later than Jan. 1, 2013. HHS will give conditional approval for a state’s plan
if the state is advanced in its preparation but cannot demonstrate complete readiness by Jan. 1, 2013. If a state fails
to meet this deadline, HHS will operate the federally-run exchange for residents of that state.
HHS provided a Blueprint for states to use to receive federal approval for a state-based Exchange or a state-
partnership Exchange. HHS also issued guidance on its approach to implementing a federally-run Exchange in any
state where a state-based Exchange is not operating.
Some states, such as Oregon, Colorado and Maryland, plus the District of Columbia, have already established
Exchanges and received HHS’ conditional approval for their Exchange plans. Other states that intend to operate their
own Exchanges starting in 2014 include Kentucky, New York, Connecticut, Washington, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, New
Mexico, Minnesota, California, Vermont and Rhode Island.
Some states have announced that they do not intend to create their own Exchanges, but will partner with HHS to
develop an Exchange. These states include Iowa, Arkansas, Illinois, Michigan, West Virginia, Delaware and New
Hampshire.
A majority of states will let HHS run an Exchange for their residents starting in 2014, including Arizona, Texas,
Louisiana, Wisconsin, Florida, Georgia, Ohio and Pennsylvania.