The classifications of hard tissue trauma in the maxillofacial area are discussed

1. HARDTISSUETRAUMA IN
MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
RezaTabrizi DMD
Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

2. Biomechanics of Mandible
and Midface
■ There are a number of intrinsic structural integrities which act as natural strong points
in facial skeleton; these are popularly referred to as buttresses.They provide structural
support to facial skeleton

3. Horizontal buttress
■ Superior horizontal buttress (formed by frontal bandeau)
■ Middle horizontal buttress (inferior orbital rims and zygomatic bones)
■ Inferior horizontal buttress (arch of palate and symphysis region of mandible)

4. Vertical buttress
■ • Nasomaxillary
■ • Zygomatic
■ • Pterygomaxillary
■ •Vertical ramus of the mandible

5. Transverse buttress
■ Zygomatic arches
■ Medial and lateral walls of orbit
■ Body of mandible
■ Posterior part of alveolar process of maxilla and mandible

6. ■ Surgical management of maxillofacial fracture is aimed at proper reestablishment of
these facial buttresses in order to restore the height,width, and projection of the face

7. Hard tissue injuries
■ Dentoalveolar injuries
■ Mandibular fracture
■ Midface fractures: Midfacial fractures can be classified as Le Fort I, II, or III fractures,
zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, zygomatic arch fractures, or NOE fractures
,and Nasal bone fracture.These injuries may be isolated or occur in combination
■ Skull Base fractures
■ Frontal bone fracture

8. Dentoalveolar fractures
■ Tooth fracture: Crown fracture ,Root fracture
■ Tooth displacement: Extrusion, Intrusion
■ Tooth avulsion
■ Alveolar fracture

9. Crown fracture

10. Crown-root fracture

11. Crown-root fracture

12. Tooth displacement

13. Alveolar fracture

15. Mandibular fractures
■ Symphysis fracture
■ Para symphysis fracture
■ Body fracture
■ Angle fracture
■ Condylar fracture
■ Coronoid fracture
■ Ramus fracture

16. Prevalence various types of mandibular
fractures

18. Vertically unfavorable mandibular
fracture

19. Vertically favorable mandibular fracture

20. Favorable and unfavorable fractures

21. Inferior and posterior displacement of the
symphysis of the mandible in bilateral fractures in the canine area.

22. Classification of condylar fractures
■ High or condylar neck fracture. B, Low or condylar base fracture. C,
Diacapitularfracture
■ A B C

24. Midface fractures